This is a good article and many of its kind will continue to come out. The gut being just once, but an increasingly important part of our understanding.

We are understanding a lot more about the role of the gut microbiome and these studies certainly help explain it. One challenge I have is how can we understand whether we have too much bad gut bacteria, or what good bacteria am I deficient in specifically to try and target probiotics or certain foods.

There has been a lot of discussion between why some people of a similar build and weight can eat the same as one another (in a perfect world) but have different results and the gut may be a source to explain some of that.