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Why Do Victims of Massacres Go to Their Deaths?

https://www.benlandautaylor.com/p/why-do-victims-of-massacres-go-quietly
21•jger15•8h ago

Comments

datpuz•7h ago
If your situation is 100% totally hopeless, it's probably preferable to most people to take the clean shot than to try to escape and have a potentially much worse death.
moate•7h ago
There's also some bit of (ironically) survivor bias going on here: Most of the people sitting in front of the ditch didn't leave the country. They didn't join up with the resistance. They didn't try to escape 3 weeks prior. This isn't even getting into the Jungian "death drive" where, at a certain point, you'd rather just die than keep trying to struggle.

Some people make bad, illogical choices when the stakes are extremely low, and some do the same when it's life or death. The human mind is a wonder of inefficient perfection.

datpuz•7h ago
Very good point. Not everyone has the same degree of self preservation instinct.
bm3719•3h ago
> This isn't even getting into the Jungian "death drive"

The death drive is Freudian, not Jungian. However, it might be very relevant here. Freud's conception of it would include passively accepting death. As you say, by the time the prisoner is about to be executed, they're often resigned to their fate, the death drive having overcome the id long ago. Contrast with massacres where the victims weren't expecting it (the Malmedy massacre of freshly captured troops comes to mind from the same era) and you see people trying to run away once it starts.

Lacan called himself Freudian, but I think his conception links the death drive with active desire, seeking a form of self-destructive pleasure by action. I recall from Écrits that he links it to masochism, for example, calling it an expression of transgressive jouissance.

ge96•7h ago
Will add this related tangent in. We're so far removed from human death, forget that we are just a bunch of organs inside a bag. If you ever see autopsy or gore footage, it's surreal. Idk I used to look at em to remind myself/ground me of what I am.

The other thing is how many people there are, that idea of visualizing everyone as a huge ball of meat compared to the Earth. But just to point out about being special when there are billions.

ilikecakeandpie•7h ago
> Idk I used to look at em to remind myself/ground me of what I am

You doing ok? I embrace my cosmic insignificance for sure but it's more freeing to me that I don't have to measure myself by anyone's standards (within reason) except my own and those who I love vs to remind myself that I'm just going to be less than a blip in the timeline.

ge96•7h ago
I'm alright, I'm distracted in life by debt/trying to meet a partner.

But I can get the overview effect looking at the stars/unplug from the system I know I sound like a crackpot. System being the 9-5 standard life, I want to not have a job/be retired I guess (although I would do what I want to do full time eg. work on robotics hobby).

I mostly mean hard to empathize when the pain is not in your face like watching combat footage of what's happening in Ukraine. People shooting themselves in the head instead of waiting for the grenade to drop from the drone and mangle them. Other stuff to watch Cartel videos just brutal stuff damn, separates animal from civilization/higher mind when you experience trauma like that.

I might just be jaded from reading the news everyday time to go back into the sand.

rafram•7h ago
Not really sure what point this is making.

If you’ve spend years struggling to survive, starving and wasting away in a walled ghetto, and now you’re standing by a pit, facing armed soldiers intent on killing you… would you really have the will to run? Would you, weakened by hunger, even feel like you could run? Would you get very far if you tried? Would you want to fight to keep on living if life felt that hopeless?

MarkPNeyer•7h ago
You make a great point. People had no hope. This is why Hope is an essential survival strategy.
scott_w•7h ago
This was my thought. It wasn’t really a group of young, strong, healthy men, ready and armed to fight. It was a group of malnourished, exhausted, depressed shells of humans.

I wonder if anyone asking why has ever been so hungry that moving is an effort. Have they ever been injured so badly, or fallen so ill, that just lying down and dying feels preferable to taking one more step.

Trying to resist under those circumstances would be unthinkable. Quite literally! These systems are setup to instil exactly this behaviour!

popularrecluse•7h ago
Most of the massacres alluded to here used some variety of misinformation, secrecy, or euphemism to keep the calm and quell any heroics. Think "relocation" or "re-education". Even in the cases where they knew their fates, the settings were likely too swift or chaotic for any chance of successful resistance and there are countless stories of these attempts.

Frankly, this reeks of victim-blaming and shows a real lack of imagination for what has gone on in the world that you don't know about.

thmsths•7h ago
Pretty much this. You are basically put in a situation where information is extremely limited/unreliable and have to use something akin to a greedy algorithm to make decisions. And of course things are setup so that complying is the best choice at every single step, save for the last one. By the time death is obvious, it is far too late to resist and accepting your fate is now your best option.
A_D_E_P_T•7h ago
Right. To add to this, it's said that ISIS was particularly infamous for staging mock executions of high-propaganda-value prisoners.

For instance, they'd take a prisoner out, film the prologue to an execution video, unsheathe a knife or rack a shotgun, and then... they wouldn't perform the execution itself. "It's just for show," they'd tell their target, as they return him to his cell. Then, one day, after calmly filming yet another prologue, they'd swiftly and gruesomely execute their prisoner, who had been lulled into a certain docility and wasn't expecting them to actually go through with it.

jki275•6h ago
They are also notorious for drugging them.
pfortuny•7h ago
Because they no longer have real agency. They are no longer sane persons and the arguments a sane person makes do not apply to them.

Why do (usually) wives stay in an abusive marriage? Because they are very ill and they do not think adequately about their situation. No true agency.

1123581321•7h ago
In the mass murders, by the time the Einsatzgruppen had you facing the pit, they had already moved you through a long cordon where you were beaten or shot for doing anything but running forward. Before that, you were shot for making any move towards self-preservation in your ghetto. Before that, you were selected and shot or worked to death if you looked strong enough to be a problem. At each of these steps the survivors thought they might have experienced the worst that would happen. This problem cannot be solved by wishing harder to be brave.
autoexec•7h ago
the answer is despair generally. To fight, people need hope.

When you're unarmed and surrounded by 15 men with guns who tell you that you're going to be executed you know that you're going to die. Sure you could maybe attack one of them and injure them before they shoot you, but what will that accomplish?

Some people would rather morn the fact that they'll never see their loved ones again or spend those short moments in prayer or reflection. Especially in cases where acts of horrific violence aren't in their nature.

dsego•7h ago
Not always, the breakout or self-liberation of Jasenovac camp comes to mind. As wikipedia states, of the 1,073 who tried to escape, only around 80 survived.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ante_Bakoti%C4%87

protonbob•7h ago
Especially for those who believe in an afterlife, why would you fight while siting on the edge of a mass grave (a hopeless situation) when you think you have something better waiting for you?
gameman144•7h ago
> Still, at that point there is nothing worse than doing what you’re told for the last ninety seconds of your life and making things easy for the death squad

This line was the point that invalidated the thesis for me. There are tons of things that are worse than accepting your death.

Maybe fighting back will cause harm to others. Maybe you will be tortured as punishment. Maybe you are in such pain that you want death altogether.

Death is obviously never a good option, but it doesn't take much imagination to think of far worse ones.

bhickey•7h ago
The simple answer is: they didn't.

In Rwanda the killing apparatus was set in motion so quickly that people didn't have time to react and offer organized resistance to their neighbors. Only in Bisesero was there meaningful fighting.

In Chile enemies of the state were rounded up in the days following the coup and tortured to death.

In Argentina people were disappeared.

In Spain there were arrests, assassinations and reprisal killings.

At Katyn, how were the Poles to know they'd be shot one by one?

At Beslan, the attackers preemptively shot anyone perceived as a threat.

smogcutter•7h ago
There’s a spectacular moment in Django Unchained where Leonardo DiCaprio (a generational plantation master) asks something like “why don’t they fight back?”

If you understand both the answer to that question and the fear underlying its asking, you understand a lot about how atrocity is sustained.

ge96•7h ago
Is it the analogy of the Elephant being chained when young/still thinks chained as an adult. I saw that movie when it came out so been a while.

I can see it now even if I was disatisfied enough with the gov I don't see myself doing anything significant to fight it. Would just go with the flow. Funny I actually tried to vote for once and I couldn't because I haven't been registered recently or something... not that it mattered 20 million votes short.

Animats•7h ago
Usually, massacres result in guerrilla warfare, carried out by others.

Read "Mini-Manual of the Urban Guerrilla", by Carlos Marighella, who was one.[1] And, of course, Mao.[2] Those are the two classic works. Mao is more about the politics, while Marighella is focused on guns and tactics.

[1] https://files.libcom.org/files/MarighellaManual.pdf

[2] https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/FMFRP%2012-18...

baggy_trough•7h ago
I object strongly to the characterization of the passivity of brutalized victims as "shameful".
aleksjess•6h ago
> Still, at that point there is nothing worse than doing what you’re told for the last ninety seconds of your life and making things easy for the death squad.

My brother has not heard of tortures without end. Compared to that, a bully to the back of your head sounds like a blessing.

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