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Meta-analysis of 2.2M people: Loneliness increases mortality risk by 32%

https://lightcapai.medium.com/the-loneliness-epidemic-threatens-physical-health-like-smoking-e063220dde8b
127•WASDAai•1h ago

Comments

softwaredoug•1h ago
How much is related to people suffering a medical emergency and nobody being around to help? vs. How much is the actual emotional impact of loneliness?
lapcat•53m ago
The article cites many measurable negative health effects aside from death, so it seems that the emotional impact does matter a lot.
mongol•41m ago
This is a very valid question. I have had a few close calls where I afterwards wonder what would have happened if I had hurt myself seriously. Chances are, no one would have paid attention in days.
stared•15m ago
Its anecdotical (though, I guess, there is plenty of data for that), but often people (especially men) don't visit a doctor early enough. It takes their partner (of friends, kids) to prompt them to get checked.

Medical emergencies might be a cherry on the cake - but let's not forget that most diseases are not instantaneous - and sooner these are cached, less harm.

trentnix•12m ago
It doesn't even have to be medical emergencies that go unnoticed. There are other declining health metrics that an independent observer might notice that a person is not aware of or is unwilling to confront. If there's no one to say "you might want to get that checked out", you probably won't get that checked out!

No mistake, almost all of us can refer to an anecdote of an elderly relative dying soon after their spouse. It can be both tragic and, in hindsight, romantic. But really, the consequences of loneliness are often and unfortunately quite practical.

bckr•56m ago
A lot of PubMed links. Awesome.

I’m curious what the research says about interacting online in e.g. Discord servers and other forums for niche communities. Also, is calling your childhood friend on the regular more or less potent than meeting IRL but recently-made friends?

ipnon•54m ago
This is why doctors should recommend drinking and smoking. At a certain point the risk of premature death is greater from being a shut-in than it is from indulging in a pint and a ciggie with some buddies every once in a while.
lapcat•51m ago
People can and do drink and smoke alone. Indeed, lonely people may turn to alcohol for self-medication. And of course those addicted to nicotine have to smoke regardless of whether other people are around. That will just make the problem worse.

Besides, smoking has largely been banned from buildings, so that habit doesn't make it convenient to gather with others, except perhaps huddled outside the door.

the_af•47m ago
I know enough cases of heavy smokers and drinkers who are also asocial (if not shut-in) to be wary of this kind of assertions...
mrbluecoat•47m ago
I'd opt for an AI friend first
joules77•45m ago
But I don't think it makes a diff. My friend circle has had a few guys drop into hermit mode. We have tried all kinds of things to pull them out, but it's like they have decided monastic life or whatever is their thing.
balamatom•12m ago
Do tell more.
TriangleEdge•53m ago
Any Meta or X employees want to comment on loneliness? I always felt like social media platforms made people lonelier overall.
HPsquared•39m ago
It's the social equivalent of ultra-processed food. Hyper-palatable and habit-forming, you always crave more. You end up (socially) both overfed and malnourished.
Herring•40m ago
A lot of the causes are deeply structural, so it's likely to keep getting worse for the foreseeable future.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loneliness_epidemic#Causes_of_...

jjice•37m ago
Aside from a formal study, _feels_ right (for what that's worth). The healthiest people I know are generally happy and have people around who care of them and they care for. I swear the social parts of life are what keep the elderly going, in my experience.
bilbo0s•23m ago
I swear the social parts of life are what keep the elderly going, in my experience.

I could've sworn there was a paper, (or maybe just an article? can't remember), a long time ago about the community on a Mediterranean island somewhere? The thesis was that people there were living abnormally long lives because of the Mediterranean style food they ate, and how socially active and interconnected they were in old age.

bookofjoe•2m ago
https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240322-eat-beans-and-li...
paraknight•34m ago
I haven't dug into all the sources, but I think there's a potential confounder here, or maybe even reverse causality. The author seems to assume causation when the studies only indicate correlation. E.g. the first link says "chronic loneliness increases mortality risk" but the actual source says "actual and perceived social isolation are both associated with increased risk for early mortality".

So for example, it's possible that if you already have chronic illness, a disability, or any other kind of health issues, you're more likely to have higher social isolation and therefore be more lonely, in addition to having a higher mortality risk. There's an outside variable (your health) that is correlated with both (loneliness and mortality), but that doesn't necessarily mean that loneliness causes mortality. If this were the case, we could defend claims like "autism increases mortality", because we already know that autism increases social isolation.

vasco•23m ago
My dismissive but practical take is "well yeah there's nobody in the room to call an ambulance when you have the heart attack you'll most likely have", which mindfulness classes and support groups don't help with. There's practical benefits to having people around.
AndrewKemendo•12m ago
By these statistics there aren’t enough healthy people to provide care for those that are less healthy

The challenge here is that healthy people don’t desire to be around unhealthy people.

Society provides no incentive or social benefit for otherwise healthy people to be around the unwell to call the ambulances. Even as a nurse, hospice worker or caregiver, the pay/benefits are non existent for the amount of emotional and physical labor needed for care.

nh23423fefe•11m ago
Dying of natural causes is ok though.
bjourne•18m ago
Of course there is no direct causation between loneliness and death. You don't directly die from lack of social interaction, but you do directly die from lack of food. However, there is a clear causal link between loneliness and habits that increase mortality.
Taek•11m ago
No I believe its reasonably well established that being lonely itself takes a toll on your health. Stress goes up etc.

The problem is that this article is overstating the effect on mortality because its not controlling for confounding factors very well.

vharuck•18m ago
Poor health increasing social isolation isn't even a hard casual path to argue. Common health problems can physically restrict how often and how long one leaves the house: people on oxygen can only travel as far as their supply and weakened lungs can take them, or people with bowel disorders might be reluctant to be do anything without easy and discrete bathroom use, people with visible symptoms might be embarrassed and avoid socializing.

The loneliness-associated protein study linked in TFA doesn't seem to control for health status. So preexisting conditions may have affected the correlations.

fullstop•30m ago
Before getting tied up with bureaucratic nonsense my daughter was looking at starting a "borrow a grandma / grandpa" club at her university. The idea was to connect students with elderly people who are lonely, and they could have tea / coffee together. The elderly get to be social with a younger generation, and the younger generation gets to understand the struggles that a lot of elderly people face.

I think that the university was concerned with liability. I still think that it's a good idea.

raffael_de•16m ago
A liability for having tea with elderly citizens?
fullstop•12m ago
There's a lot of aspects here, such as where they would meet up, etc. If it's on school property and something happens, for example. Additionally there are restrictions for clubs operating off-campus. I don't know, it was seemingly more complicated than any of us had anticipated.
raffael_de•8m ago
If you ask, the answer will always be No.
russfink•11m ago
Liability that one of them will don a Robert De Niro grin and say, “hey kid, wanna get out of here?” and the youth will oblige by lowering the roof on the GT and cranking up Deep Purple’s Highway Star as they peel rubber from beneath the pastel peach awning, thousands of foot pounds of torque expressing a shared joy in a cloud of smoke and a squeal of delight.
bell-cot•13m ago
Did your daughter talk to a few local senior citizen agencies or nursing homes? Last I knew, quite a few of those are interested in "just visit occasionally" volunteers. And if another org (which specialized in seniors) was handling that end of things, the U might not be so hung up on allowing the club.

Or, "we're adults, just do it". The U can't actually stop of-age students from volunteering for local organizations, or joining churches, or playing soccer in a city park.

fullstop•6m ago
Right, she has done that in the past. Her goal was to start a club so that it would persist long after she graduated.
bookofjoe•7m ago
Old people's homes are very welcoming to ANYONE willing to spend time with the residents. No need to join a club: pick up the phone or stop by and ask if they would like your time. I guarantee the answer will be, "When can you start?"
fullstop•5m ago
Right, she has done that, but she wanted to start a club so that it could continue after she's graduated.
smithkl42•28m ago
Another way to put it: Start dragging your sorry ass to church.

I'm quite serious about this, by the way. To attend a church (other religious traditions will do, but I'm partial) means not only to involve yourself in a community, but to situate yourself in a story which provides meaning and makes sense of the world.

All the government programs he advocates for are just pale imitations of the vibrant communities that humans were made for and which modern society has done its best to destroy.

whatevaa•22m ago
It's the church which destroyed itself. Using its influence for political power, that gave it short term power but destroyed it long term.

And I would not agree with religion providing sense of the world. It's another coping mechanism to deal with absurdity in the world. There is a reason people fallback to religion when times get tough.

dcminter•10m ago
> Using its influence for political power, that gave it short term power but destroyed it long term.

I'm no fan of organised religion, but this is a pretty wild take to me. "The church" has been around for the best part of 2000 years. It's been wildly political for most if not all of that. It doesn't show much sign of disappearing any time soon.

gjm11•21m ago
To some of us weirdos, it actually matters whether things we repeatedly stand up and declare or sing about are true, and whether the stories we draw meaning from are factually correct, and whether values we repeatedly and publicly affiliate ourselves with are good.

And, among this admittedly weird fragment of the population, those of us who think the things churchgoers affirm and derive meaning from and value are true and good are mostly already going to church, and those of us who think they're not so true and mostly not so good shouldn't be going to church, no matter how sorry our asses.

01HNNWZ0MV43FF•19m ago
It's hard. I belong to an atheist-inclusive church, but I've been skipping for about a month and I'm reluctant to show up again.

Words like "community", "fellowship", "connection" are used a lot, but there's no obvious checklist for me to follow when I wake up Sunday morning feeling like a piece of shit and having no desire to inflict myself on others.

ambicapter•11m ago
It is perfectly possible to go to church regularly and talk to no one there.
GratiaTerra•8m ago
Attending church can have negative consequences because religion promotes belief in unprovable claims, building life on a false premise: since the central claim isn’t true, the practices and rules around it may seem hollow or misleading.

Religion discourages critical thinking, consumes time and money, enforces conformity through social pressure, and expose individuals to guilt, shame, or manipulation by institutions with histories of abuse or corruption.

balamatom•6m ago
I'll do you one better: start your own cult!
gosub100•5m ago
> All the government programs he advocates for are just pale imitations of the vibrant communities that human were made for and which modern society has done its best to destroy.

Modern leftism is essentially a reincarnated Christianity:

- "the government" is their Trinity. Just "believe" and eventually the right one will get elected and fix everything.

- legislation and regulations are their Bible.

- police (an arm of the government) are the scapegoat/substitute for our sins.

- tithing through higher taxes

- feel bad about yourself (historical racism / sexism that they keep bringing up) but turn to the light (leftist progress, signalling) and ye shall be saved

- forces of evil: those who want smaller government and personal freedom.

- prosperity gospel: welfare and fiscal recklessness because we can just turn on the money printer

- signalling: businesses are pressured to display leftist icons or slogans to signal their inclusion in the faith.

deadbabe•21m ago
Mortality risk is already 100% isn’t it? We’re going to die, guaranteed, so what’s another 23% increase on 100%?

I think a good study would be the effects of likes, upvotes and karma on overall lifespan. I’d bet that people who gain more upvotes and positive engagement in general probably live much longer than people who are chronically downvoted or ignored.

al_borland•19m ago
Mindfullness as a treatment for loneliness is strange to me. This doesn't actually help with the problem of being alone, it could just make someone be more OK with it.

As someone who spends a lot of time alone, one of my big fears is having a medical emergency, even just choking on food, and dying from something that would be easily avoided had another person been in the house. I've gone and looked up how to give myself the Heimlich maneuver on myself, and play out that scenario in my head all the time... or trying to get to a neighbor's house or just outside where someone might see me. Mindfulness won't help if this is how I meet my fate, actually community and relationships would.

Herring•5m ago
It's quite a rare thing to die by choking. It just doesn't feel like it, which is where mindfulness can help. You do more dangerous things every day like walking (falls) and driving and brushing your teeth, so if you want to work on prevention it's better to have a head that correctly assesses risk and spends time/money/effort optimally.
bookofjoe•5m ago
Here you go: https://www.bookofjoe.com/2025/09/my-entry-47.html
damnesian•17m ago
I've seen this happen in person, to my grandmother. She hitched her identity to the man of the house, even signing checks "Mrs. grandad's name." She was the accountant of their farm along with housewife and cook and chicken tender. He was most of the muscle until he had to relinquish the work to their youngest son, who had moved out and into his own house. She was in relatively good health when grandad died at 76. She suddenly lost her identity, being alone in that farmhouse which she helped build and maintain, it was too full of ghosts to live alone, she moved in with the son. I never saw her smile after that. She died within months.

My great-grandmother was different. her husband died young. she had 50 more years of life after that. She gardened, she sewed, she pickled and canned. She established a strong personal identity and experienced evergreen personal growth. She was a happy woman, cackling all of the time when we'd visit. When she died at 95, it was a surprise, she seemed very alive and healthy shortly beforehand. She died in her sleep, no chronic diseases.

Makes me think that 32% might be traced to psychological/sociological factors.

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