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AI has had zero effect on jobs so far, says Yale study

https://www.theregister.com/2025/10/01/ai_isnt_taking_people_jobs/
64•Bender•1h ago

Comments

ChrisArchitect•1h ago
Actual source: https://budgetlab.yale.edu/research/evaluating-impact-ai-lab...
neuroelectron•1h ago
You can't make this claim from pushing numbers around in an excel spreadsheet.

>As previously noted, the metrics from OpenAI and Anthropic are imperfect proxies for AI risk and usage, while still being the best available.

Seems they're just coming out and admitting they refuse to measure it themselves. Not a good sign.

kbrkbr•51m ago
If it's the right numbers (called measurement data) and the right excel sheet pushing (called running a validated model) that is exactly the way you can make these claims. Overall it's called the scientific method.
dapperdrake•6m ago
What is your null-hypothesis and how does your data actually refute your null-hypothesis? And how is your sample representative?
Krasnol•57m ago
Well we had people being "let go" (how I hate this term...as if they were trying to flee but couldn't before) at our Call Center. Replaced by AI. The women were older. Didn't have long until retirement. Seems to be still worth it to kick them.
pixelesque•53m ago
While it's likely due to other factors (i.e. like maybe the stock indices have just completely de-coupled from reality or are just being helped by AI-hype?), the fact that US job openings seemingly de-coupled from S&P 500 in Nov/Dec 2022 when ChatGPT was publicly released (as a web app) is pretty interesting.
tommy_axle•12m ago
There was more also going on in that time-frame: several interest rate hikes, no fix for section 174 changes by the end of 2022. Maybe someone will pinpoint whatever had the largest impact in a detailed study.
a3w•51m ago
I saw a great shift in our data science job offers: we removed the old offers and now only search machine learning experts. We do not know if they would have any problem to work on. But we surely are looking for one.
jmpetroske•39m ago
I think there are 2 different ways to interpret the title. First, is AI itself replacing workers - article is referring to this case says no. 2nd case is what you are mentioning, the AI race has companies reducing hiring in non-AI areas in order to prioritize hiring for developing AI.
adrianbooth17•45m ago
AI won't replace you. But a stupid manager who believes AI could replace you will replace you
marcosdumay•35m ago
The data on the article applies to IT related jobs disappearing for any reason on the same period. The only thing specific to AI is the pick of time, and the conclusions seem very robust from moving it some months around either way.

One specific stupid manager will absolutely replace people, but the overall dynamic isn't any more broken than it used to be.

What, personally, I think it's very surprising.

Svoka•18m ago
Nope, people using AI would.
ares623•12m ago
But with AI being so easy to pick up, does that mean everyone replacing everyone ad nauseam?
RachelF•14m ago
AI has provided a great excuse for your manager to fire you and replace you with someone much cheaper.
bitwize•11m ago
A stupid manager like Kaz Nejatian? https://x.com/CanadaKaz/status/1971622109614166342
rhetocj23•7m ago
Lol this is crazy.

I seem to remember the latest tools for software developers were pushed in the business organisation by the developers - and eventually the folk at the top relented and accepted it.

When the reverse is happening, alarm bells should ring.

But hey, Im not against these CEOs destroying the culture within the firm and making their employees hate their guts, resulting in negative productivity gains.

giancarlostoro•42m ago
I'm not surprised, is saving tens of thousands (if not hundreds of thousands) of dollars per employee worth screwing up by betting on AI and losing millions? Notice that the headlines of companies wanting AI are wanting their employees to use AI to be more productive, and that's fine, but they still need their employees to be fully aware of the output so they're not just churning out slop.
exasperaited•42m ago
Job numbers? Pretty sure you could make the case that this claim isn't true, but the data might be too nebulous.

But it's definitely had an effect on jobs.

It's made so many underqualified people think they have a new superpower, and made so many people miserable with the implied belittling of their actual skills. It's really damaging work culture.

Of course studies like this are aimed at people who think jobs are interchangeable neutral little black boxes that can be scaled up and scaled down, and who don't like to think about what they involve.

> Overall, our metrics indicate that the broader labor market has not experienced a discernible disruption since ChatGPT’s release

Because metrics don't tell the story.

dapperdrake•5m ago
Ergodicity assumptions will do the rest.
caminante•40m ago
Headline could be more clear.

Title implies all things AI, when they were actually looking at GenAI. I know it's what everyone thinks of, but I hate how everything gets muddled.

I suspect AI is currently fashionable as a smokescreen to justify deep cost cutting (See MSFT example.)

ge96•40m ago
I am a small anecdote where developers who just use chatgpt/cursor are in higher positions than me who learned to code back in 2010. Use as in "chatgpt told me..." about whatever topic. Still they are accomplishing the task (getting code out there that works).

I also had a vibe coded prototype get handed to me to fix it

nozzlegear•39m ago
A great and relevant quote from a recent Noah Smith article discussing this same subject:

> The debate over whether AI is taking people’s jobs may or may not last forever. If AI takes a lot of people’s jobs, the debate will end because one side will have clearly won. But if AI doesn’t take a lot of people’s jobs, then the debate will never be resolved, because there will be a bunch of people who will still go around saying that it’s about to take everyone’s job. Sometimes those people will find some subset of workers whose employment prospects are looking weaker than others, and claim that this is the beginning of the great AI job destruction wave. And who will be able to prove them wrong?

Source: https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/ai-and-jobs-again

rhetocj23•31m ago
Forget about that.

Lets focus on the tech firms that produce software.

Two things should happen if AI proliferates into software development:

1) Increasing top line - due to more projects being taken by enabling labour to be more productive 2) Operating margin increasing - due to labour input declining and taking more cost-reduction projects

If those 2 things dont occur - the AI investment was a waste of money from a financial perspective. And this is before I even discount the cash flows by the cost of capital of these high-risk projects (high discount rate).

At some point everyone will be analysed in this manner. Only Nvidia is winning as it stands, ironically, not because of LLMs. But rather because they sell the hardware that LLMs operate on.

dapperdrake•3m ago
That only gets you an expected net present value. Looking at the variance and quartiles is way scarier.
kmoser•39m ago
Zero effects on jobs overall, i.e. for every person displaced by AI, another has been hired? Or zero effects on any individual person's job, i.e. not one single person has lost their job due to their boss wanting to replace them with AI?
outworlder•37m ago
There's been many layoffs attributed to AI. That seems like an excellent cover for market conditions.
westurner•36m ago
FWIU software jobs hiring was/is down along with the cancelling of the R&D tax credit.

From "House restores immediate R&D deduction in new tax bill" (2024) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39213002 .. https://news.ycombinator.com/context?id=38988189 :

>> "Since amortization took effect [ in 2022 thanks to a time-triggered portion of the Trump-era Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA" 2017) ], the growth rate of R&D spending has slowed dramatically from 6.6 percent on average over the previous five years to less than one-half of 1 percent over the last 12 months," Estes said. "The [R&D] sector is down by more than 14,000 jobs"

> Hopefully R&D spending at an average of 6.6% will again translate to real growth

From "Generative AI as Seniority-Biased Technological Change" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45275202 :

> Did tech reduce hiring after Section 174 R&D tax policy changes?

[...]

> From https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45131866 :

>> In 2017 Trump made businesses have to amortize these [R&D] expenses over 5 years instead of deducting them, starting in 2022 (it is common for an administration to write laws that will only have a negative effect after they're gone). This move wrecked the R&D tax credit. Many US businesses stopped claiming R&D tax credits entirely as a result. Others had surprise tax bills

> People just want the same R&D tax incentives back:

> "Tell HN: Help restore the tax deduction for software dev in the US (Section 174)" (2025 (2439 points)) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44226145

It is suspected that hiring levels correlate with the cancelling of the R&D Tax credit.

The TCJA (2017 Trump) cancelled the R&D tax credit.

The OBBA (2025 Trump) restored the R&D tax credit for tax year 2025.

zaphod12•29m ago
One spot I really find this surprising is call center - but maybe majority of those folks are outside of the US or were reassigned
Etheryte•26m ago
Call centers these days are staffed at the bare minimum as is, adding an AI bot in front of that doesn't really change that fact. At least for me, it's now a regular occurrence that I'll slot a quarter to half an hour of holding time when I need to call support. Local and small companies are better in this regard, there you can usually reach a human pretty quickly. Big international corporations however are a lost cause. Funny, given that they'd have the most funds available to keep their customers.
asdff•24m ago
Automated call center predate the current AI hype cycle. Jobs were already lost.
dapperdrake•4m ago
As well as customers.
dakial1•27m ago
>And major companies conducting layoffs like IBM and Salesforce have held themselves up as examples of that narrative, though their employee culls may be more focused on outsourcing than automation.

Automation seems to be a better excuse than outsourcing

29athrowaway•13m ago
AI is a scapegoat.

Every year, large companies secretly rank employees and then yank the 10% or so they consider low performing. This is called rank and yank [1]. If your company has performance reviews and is ran by MBAs it almost certainly uses it.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitality_curve

The most important aspect of rank and yank is that it has to be done in secrecy. Your company will not tell you it is using it. Even your manager might not know this.

When rank and yank is not done in secrecy, employees react to it by hiring the most mediocre people they can, sabotaging/isolating strong performers, hiring to fire, forming peer review/code review mafias, etc.

MBAs are silly people who believe in the work of the person that kickstarted the decline of America, Jack Welch. Jack Welch extracted record profits from GE for 20 years, but left it a hollowed-out "pile of shit," according to his successor. Yet, he is the MBA god and everyone aspires to be exactly like him. Thanks to Jack Welch nobody ever hears about GE anymore ever.

So to pull off a rank and yank every year you need a scapegoat, and this year the scapegoat is AI. In previous years it has been the economy, or some other excuse.

Have you ever wondered why your company is laying off people while having job postings for the same positions?

AI is the perfect scapegoat because the company can claim they're using AI and boost their value somehow.

daft_pink•11m ago
I know for a fact that companies have fired people and replaced them with AI. I’ve met with business owners and they told me.
emp17344•5m ago
Good to know, but for me, the study is more convincing than your anecdote.
daft_pink•5m ago
I think it's the fact that they say zero effect, which is obviously not true.
w0m•10m ago
as a SWE - waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaat.

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