It's a significant problem because if survey responses are low that increases the error margin of the data, and it also means that the gov is just not hearing from its citizens as much.
There's a paper[2] on (some of) the reasons for this.
According to this[3], the UK has the same problem.
AI is only going to make this worse with the ease at which spam calls can be made without a human in the loop.
[0] https://www.bls.gov/cps/methods/response_rates.htm
[1] https://kyla.substack.com/p/chicago-fed-president-austan-goolsbee
[2] https://academic.oup.com/jssam/article-abstract/12/5/1138/7658685?redirectedFrom=fulltext
[3] https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/about/modernization.html