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Doing well in your courses: Andrej's advice for success (2013)

https://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/advice.html
106•peterkshultz•2h ago

Comments

mhog_hn•1h ago
Title could also be “How to train biological neural networks” - Andrej Karpathy
logicallee•1h ago
This doesn't have a date but I checked the wayback machine and it was first crawled in April 2013. [1]

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20130404071259/https://cs.stanfo...

random9749832•1h ago
I don't miss university at all. In hindsight most of it was a scam and I learnt most things on my own either by opening a book, starting my own project or through research.

You don't need a 50 point list to learn anything even to a proficient level. Exams are bullshit.

Cyph0n•1h ago
This is excellent advice.

I personally rarely joined group study sessions, but thinking back, I should have joined more of them.

To expand on one of the points listed here: do a first pass through questions before writing a single thing and mark which you feel are easy vs. hard (this evaluation may change once you start working on them!). Your prioritization should be: easier + higher points, easier + lower points, then hard in order of perceived difficulty weighted by points.

Oh, and if your course requires memorizing a set of known formulas, write them down first thing on the very last page :)

constantcrying•1h ago
Some more advice:

Tests are all bullshit. They are just some arbitrary questions, trying to figure out whether you understood the material, which were made up by some guy who has much more important things to do.

If you want to spend your time well, either do networking or try to understand the material. If you are there trying to game the system (which hilariously Karpathy is suggesting you do, in a very mild way) then you should seriously consider why you are there in the first place.

Also consider that when you are tested outside of school you will always be tested to face to face.

b33j0r•1h ago
My tests were always tricky variations on a problem, or the exact problem, which they completely solved in the TA sessions.

I couldn’t figure out why I got the first B’s and C’s of my life until I realized that.

Projectiboga•49m ago
Yep, and they are often scaled by the "Normal Curve". The catch with this flawed reasoning is that a Normal Distribution requires multiple independent imputs where none is deterministic. Having a professor and a curriculum are together goes against that proposition. There needs to be a better distribution to measure varation within an effective teaching method. Teaching towards a normal distributon result favors giving tests with flawed grading and other bad practices. In the late 1980s I didn't want to pursue a PHD due to the bleak future of acedemia, but if I had this would have been a major focus as it is causing a myriad of problems in our society abusing higher eduction students in this way.
aidenn0•48m ago
The second half of this explains why he suggests gaming it, and seems to boil down to Grant Allen's maxim of "Don't let your schooling interfere with your education"
nomilk•1h ago
Great find. What was he teaching back then?
levocardia•57m ago
Not sure about 2013 but in 2016 he taught this gem of a class: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfnWJUyUJYU&list=PLkt2uSq6rB...
behnamoh•1h ago
Ah, the thin font inspired by Apple's iOS 7 Helvetica font that ruined the readability of web content for a decade...

Is there a way to enforce non-thin fonts on web pages in the browser?

trenchpilgrim•47m ago
I use reader mode when typography sucks.
wafflemaker•35m ago
DarkReader plugin has settings to manipulate fonts on pages, it's quite easy to configure.

Assuming you are already using dark reader to give dark mode to all pages.

brosco•59m ago
I have a tip for following lectures (or any technical talk, really) that I've been meaning to write about for a while.

As you follow along with the speaker, try to predict what they will say next. These can be either local or global predictions. Guess what they will write next, or what will be on the next slide. With some practice (and exposure to the subject area) you can usually get it right. Also try to keep track of how things fit into the big picture. For example in a math class, there may be a big theorem that they're working towards using lots of smaller lemmas. How will it all come together?

When you get it right, it will feel like you are figuring out the material on your own, rather than having it explained to you. This is the most important part.

If you can manage to stay one step ahead of the lecturer, it will keep you way more engaged than trying to write everything down. Writing puts you one step behind what the speaker is saying. Because of this, I usually don't take any notes at all. It obviously works better when lecture notes are made available, but you can always look at the textbook.

People often assume that I have read the material or otherwise prepared for lectures, seminars, etc., because of how closely I follow what the speaker is saying. But really most talks are quite logical, and if you stay engaged it's easy to follow along. The key is to not zone out or break your concentration, and I find this method helps me immensely.

random9749832•53m ago
Every learning method you can think of has been thought of before and all variations have been implemented in classrooms throughout time. It is mostly pseudo-science. You either put in the effort to learn and struggle until you succeed or you don't. There is no secret sauce.
wafflemaker•46m ago
I've met lot of smart guys never getting anywhere, because they were always looking for a shortcut and not to do the real work.

Linux instructor Jason Canon wrote once that there's a lot of people who spend 90% of the time reading articles on how to learn Linux, but only 10% really practicing.

OTOH it's a really cool way to stay focused and engaged with the lecture.

billy99k•6m ago
I've seen this a lot over the years and I've been guilty of it myself. I do still look at articles and find good stuff from it, but I've replaced it with paid courses that offer hands-on examples.
brosco•43m ago
I'm not saying it's a learning method. And I don't see how anyone could mistake this for science, so why would it be pseudoscience? It's not really about effort either.

It's just a trick that helps me pay attention in lectures, which a lot of people struggle with. Certainly you have to put the work outside of the classroom as well.

quacked•34m ago
This isn't true. I put in a great deal of effort in college and struggled to learn. After college I changed the way I interacted with information, and found that I could learn and remember orders of magnitude better by using studying and practice techniques that mapped more closely with how I thought about information.
xmprt•8m ago
There are are a 100 different ways to struggle to learn. Some of them are better than others. I don't see how that's pseudoscience.
billy99k•4m ago
My technique was to write tons of notes during the lecture. In college, I would have many pages of notes for each lecture and because writing is more of an active process than just sitting or spacing out for an hour, I rarely had to study for an exam.
levocardia•59m ago
I love the final point:

>Your time is a precious, limited resource. Get to a point where you don't screw up on a test and then switch your attention to much more important endeavors. [...] Other than research projects, get involved with some group of people on side projects or better, start your own from scratch. Contribute to Open Source, make/improve a library. Get out there and create (or help create) something cool. Document it well. Blog about it. These are the things people will care about a few years down the road. Your grades? They are an annoyance you have to deal with along the way. Use your time well and good luck.

While probably 90% of undergrads undershoot in terms of time spent on their courses, the other 10% "Goodhardt" their grades and misallocate their time and abilities.

Almondsetat•58m ago
The real truth is that the good advice has always been dispensed, it's just that students don't want to listen.

1. Follow actively the lessons.

2. Study and exercise every day what you covered in the previous lessons

Every one of us has been given these age old platitudes, but, as spaced repetition, testing, and active recall prove, they are actually tman excellent starting point for good performance

sfn42•54m ago
They told us which chapters to read before each lecture, nobody else that I knew did it. I did. It was super helpful.
ido•47m ago
I suspect the reason is that most late-teens/early-twenty-somethings are not responsible/emotionally mature enough to put in the required amount of work in the relatively free environment of university where nobody is checking if you’re doing your homework or show up to class.
SoftTalker•33m ago
Related, for me, was that high school just wasn't very challenging. I got As without ever really studying or feeling that I was working very hard. I took that approach into university and it worked for my freshman and most of my sophomore courses. Then things got actually tough and I realized I could not just intuit my way through exams, and I had never really learned how to study.
quacked•32m ago
Every undergraduate student I met over the age of 22 was much, much better than their young counterparts within the same ability cohort.
Fraaaank•52m ago
> Study very intensely RIGHT before the test.

I was always told NOT to study right before the test because it hinder retrieval of long term memory.

trenchpilgrim•47m ago
If the origin of that was a single study, you should learn about then replication crisis in psychology that called into question large swaths of results, after around 2/3rds of studies failed replication.
joshvm•50m ago
One really important factor is the grading curve, if used. At my university, I think the goal was to give the average student 60%, or a mid 2.1) with some formula for test score adjustment to compensate for particularly tough papers. The idea is that your score ends up representing your ability with respect to the cohort and the specific tests that you were given.

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/current/teach/general/...

There were several courses that were considered easy, and as a consequence were well attended. You had to do significantly better in those classes to get a high grade, versus a low-attendance hard course where 50% in the test was curved up to 75%.

airstrike•44m ago
I don't think I'll ever understand/accept the idea of curving grades.
buildbot•20m ago
It makes sense when applied across multiple instances of a test, if one cohort does terribly curve up, one really well curve them down relative to the overall distribution of scores.

But yeah within a single assignment it makes no sense to force a specific distribution. (People do this maybe because they don’t understand?)

britzkopf•36m ago
So another strategy to do well might include tempting your classmates to distraction or perhaps offering to "help" them but in fact feed them misinformation? Got it.
storus•32m ago
That won't work at elite schools like Stanford where a hard class average is like 98% and 94% will give you B+ due to the opposite curve being applied.
alyxya•49m ago
The most important advice is at the end.

> Undergrads tend to have tunnel vision about their classes. They want to get good grades, etc. The crucial fact to realize is that noone will care about your grades, unless they are bad. For example, I always used to say that the smartest student will get 85% in all of his courses. This way, you end up with somewhere around 4.0 score, but you did not over-study, and you did not under-study.

It’s difficult to escape tunnel vision when your most urgent and highest priority task tends to be the required homework and studying you have right in front of you, and you directly get feedback on that work.

> Other than research projects, get involved with some group of people on side projects or better, start your own from scratch. Contribute to Open Source, make/improve a library. Get out there and create (or help create) something cool. Document it well. Blog about it. These are the things people will care about a few years down the road. Your grades? They are an annoyance you have to deal with along the way. Use your time well and good luck.

I agree with all the advice here, but in hindsight, I don’t know if I would’ve been able to realistically do this. These things are all something you can do away from school, so while in school, it felt like a waste to not make use of the school to do things on my own.

Overall the advice is much easier said than done, even if it is something I completely agree with.

jackling•47m ago
Lots of good advice in this article.

My favorite pieces that I agree with 100%:

> Reading and understanding IS NOT the same as replicating the content.

This happens to me all the time. It's really important to try and replicate everything that you learn. I would go even further and constantly reaffirm that you still know how to prove facts that you take for granted.

> NEVER. EVER. EVER. Leave a test early.

Every time I find a mistake.

Some pieces that I really disagree with:

> Study very intensely RIGHT before the test.

I don't think this works, at least for me, it doesn’t. I never studied on test day unless the test was in the evening. Even in cases where I had ample time to study, I focused on preparing for my later tests. By the time test day rolls around, you either know the material or you don’t. I don’t think short-term memory is as valuable as the writer is making it out to be. I also worry that the added stress may cause you to confuse yourself when trying to frantically read through your notes or textbooks.

> If things are going badly and you get too tired, in emergency situations, chug an energy drink.

Your health is more important than the tests you take. These energy drinks are terrible for you and your brain, in my opinion. After hours of sitting, drinking such a high concentration of sugar and caffeine is terrible for you. Just go out for a walk, take a shower, and if that doesn't help, go to sleep. Trying to cram in as much knowledge as possible when your brain is fried isn't going to help you all that much.

kevmo314•29m ago
> All-nighters are not worth it.

I disagree. I made some of my best friends through all nighters and continue to occasionally pull them because they reinvigorate meaning into my work as they did my coursework.

If your only metric for success in school is your GPA, then yes all nighters aren’t worth it. But climbing a metric leaderboard isn’t the only measure of doing well in a course.

It is curious because Andrej recognizes this with his comments concerning coffee.

rTX5CMRXIfFG•18m ago
This is an article about doing well in courses, not in making friends
kevmo314•17m ago
The course I did best at in school was the one that led to a job opportunity through some friends I made.
orev•5m ago
Why do friends need to be made through all-nighters? Could you have made the same friends by organizing study groups during regular hours, and then doing something else fun with those people in the evenings?
downboots•12m ago
Good advice except for recommending cramming before a test or chugging coffee/energy drink. Those can backfire.
didip•5m ago
So many “hot takes” about studying but really it comes down to 1 thing: Are you disciplined enough to have an excellent time management.

That’s basically it.

randomtoast•4m ago
To me it seems Andrej Karpathy is like the new AI guru. In this post https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45619329 he predicted the future of AI a decade ahead. Do not get me wrong, I do think he is very knowledgable on the subject.

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