JupyterGIS uses OpenLayers as its visualization backend. It runs entirely in the browser and supports GPU-accelerated rendering through WebGL when available

Osm is a database (in the Wikipedia sense not the Postgres sense). You will be able to use osm data in this tool.

This seems to be a Python based Jupiter notebook (style?) thing for collaboratively working with GIS data/visualizations.

OpenStreetMap is a project to "map the world". In the end, OpenStreetMap provides data (and map tiles) for other things to use.

Going out on a limb (since I haven't used it) but JupyterGIS can probably make use of OSM data, along with other data sources.

JGIS builds on OpenStreetMap and other open geospatial data sources as basemaps or overlays. JupyterGIS itself is a Jupyter-based interface for working with GIS data—so you can visualize, query, and process OSM or any other data directly from notebooks alongside Python tools like GeoPandas.

Openstreetmap is not mentioned anywhere in the JupyterGIS repo [1]. As is mentioned OSM data can be used anywhere.

[1] https://github.com/search?q=repo%253Ageojupyter%252Fjupyterg...