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2•austinallegro•24m ago•0 comments
Open in hackernews

Cognitive and Mental Health Correlates of Short-Form Video Use

https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2026-89350-001.html
85•smartmic•1h ago

Comments

ge96•57m ago
yeah I'm trying to watch less YT, hard for me to just sit in silence and think

trying to be more of a producer than consumer, not saying this to look down I'm socially/financially a failure, trying to change my habits

pcthrowaway•49m ago
The paper is specifically studying short-form videos like on TikTok or Youtube Shorts, so there would be no implication for videos longer than 3 minutes (the maximum for YT shorts)
righthand•46m ago
I don’t think it’s correct to say there are no implications. The only discernable difference between a short and long videos effects is that one of the videos is capped at 3 minutes. There could be plenty of implication and correlation to high intake watching videos of any length.
the_af•29m ago
I don't know if that's the only discernible difference.

While 3 minutes is indeed an arbitrary limit, the difference between short and long form videos is very noticeable. Long form requires another form of attention, focusing more, more commitment, less distraction; there's even a form of "delayed gratification" (a form of attention that only grownups can provide) in that the payoff isn't always immediate and can sometimes be very delayed.

Short form is like junk food, zero friction, instantly addictive and doesn't require you to really pay attention. Surely the immediacy of attention it needs is completely different to long form video.

I also disagree with your other comment that maybe long form can promote similar consumption habits (you call it "overconsumption"); I don't think anyone can get "addicted" to long form video, it's simply too time-demanding, you don't get a "fix" and the "zapping" effect of quickly moving from one video to the next.

pcthrowaway•24m ago
I probably spend 1-2 hours per day watching content on youtube (and much of that is at ~1.5-1.75X speed)

I don't know what qualifies as "addiction", but it is typically where I get my news, where a web-series I watch is released, and where I learn about social justice issues important to me, through video essays.

I'm sure my consumption is very different from that of someone who watches 100 1-minute Tiktok videos per day, but I think it's worth at least questioning how this might also contribute to cognitive performance and mental health.

Though I think a big difference with short-form content is the autoplay functionality (as your sibling commenter mentions). I watch videos which are released by channels I subscribe to, and occasionally (maybe once a week) watch something Youtube recommends to me. So I retain some agency over my viewing habits compared to someone whose decisions are dictated by the algorithm, which also has an incentive to keep people watching as long as possible.

Chabsff•26m ago
There is a HUGE difference in that the combined short length with the fact that the video starts playing before you even have a chance to make a decision on whether to watch it or not leads you to a "heh! I'm here already, might as well just watch the thing".
unethical_ban•23m ago
Sure, but that's beside the point. The discussion here is about the unique qualities of SFV and its affects on attention span and thinking. It's about the instant-reward feedback mechanism of swiping quickly and the ability to ingest a larger narrative. It's about the super-short cuts of video and audio that beg for attention, versus longer, more static content that requires patience, doesn't constantly dump dopamine, and stays on one topic longer.

In short: There are a lot of differences in how long and short videos affect a person, in my opinion.

thanhhaimai•48m ago
Long form educational YT videos are amazing. It makes my brain work hard, and I feel like I learn more.

Short form pop content like TikTok doesn't give my brain enough time to engage the thinking muscle.

I think it's better to identify the characteristics of the media we consume, rather than lumping all of them together.

righthand•44m ago
There could be overconsumption effects of short form media that exist in long form certainly.

You’re hand waving it away because you prefer long videos. What about all the people using TikTok as a search engine?

oceansky•38m ago
May God help them
godelski•28m ago
I don't think you're wrong but I think you're being too quick to attack the gp. They're not wrong either. The point you brought up doesn't contradict theirs but adds nuance.

I'm all for nuance. Its also why I'm biased towards long form media as it's more likely to contain nuance, but not guaranteed. The gps specific example of lectures is quite narrow and more likely to have depth. Which is the entire problem of short form media, that we live in a complex world where we can't distill everything into 1-2 minute segments. Hell, even a lecture series, which will be over 10hrs of content is not enough to make one an expert on all but the most trivial of topics.

You're right that we need nuance but you're not right in arguing for it while demonstrating a lack of it. A major issue is we need to communicate, something we're becoming worse at. We should do our best to speak and write as clearly as possible but at the end of the day language is so imprecise that a listener or reader will be able to construct many, and even opposing, narratives. It is more important to be a good listener than a good speaker. I'd hope programmers, of all people, could understand this as we've invented overly pedantic languages with the explicit purpose of minimizing ambiguity[0]

[0] https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FN2RM-CHkuI

SlightlyLeftPad•39m ago
I hate that I can’t use youtube at all without being forced to fed short form video content. Or kids schools referencing youtube content for educational purposes and they are then force fed short form video content.
Chabsff•28m ago
Honestly, I don't mind the format in principle, and the process that goes from YT's homepage to watching a single one of them is not that bad to me. As long as I get to make a decision that I want to watch something, consciously go "I will click on this thing and watch it" and only then proceed to watch it, then it's _fine_.

It's the algorithmic loop that starts the moment you scroll to the next video that starts playing before you even have a chance to decide whether or not it's something that you want to watch that's abhorrent to me.

kevin_thibedeau•34m ago
Learn to watch at 2x speed (or faster with an extension). Then use the saved time for productive activities.
foofoo12•42m ago
Totally my feeling too.

The formula seems to be: dopamine, dopamine, dopamine, infuriating country dividing content, dopamine, dopamine, dopamine, infuriating country dividing content, dopamine, dopamine, dopamine ...

andrepd•34m ago
Whenever I search anything in my native language, and I mean literally any topic, one of the top recommendations (if not the top one, which autoplays by default) is the local far-right party. It's crazy. We've become used to this but it's crazy.
goldemerald•42m ago
Algorithmically served short form videos is clearly the smoking of our time. I cannot stand the conservative view of "well we don't know the videos cause mental health decline, or if it's simply those with a genetic inclination who seek out short form content.", exactly mirroring the skeptics about smoking causing cancer. I'm hopeful that in 5-10 years (but more likely 20) people will view this AI served, maximally engaging, content in the same way we view smoking now: disgusting and horrible, but adults should be allowed to do what they want. I can easily imagine kids/teens sharing their illicit access to shorts much in the same way they share vapes/cigarettes, which would be a much more preferable situation than the unlimited use we see today.
ge96•38m ago
Oh man, they take random people's clips, stitch them together with a voice over and include false information eg. an incorrect fact about an animal
baxtr•38m ago
We have one clear rule at home for the kids: YouTube long format is ok.

But: no shorts, no reels, no TikTok.

Any short video platform is strictly forbidden. No exceptions.

gblargg•37m ago
I'd also ban autoplay of the next video. You have to be involved in choosing the next video to watch (or none).
derefr•20m ago
I would suggest you make an exception for YouTube shorts from channels / creators that also put out YouTube long-form content.

You'd think I'd be making a point here about "otherwise you'd be missing a lot of good educational content that happens to be packaged short-form"; but no!

The point I actually want to make is much weirder: unlike the other short-form-video services, YouTube's "shorts" don't seem to have any actual time constraints built into the format. And so many creators — especially the ones that normally make long-form content — actually put out rather long "shorts". Like, multiple minutes long.

Which means that a large percentage of YT "shorts" these days are essentially just... regular YouTube videos. Just, er, vertical.

For a while, I was filtering out YT "shorts"... until I realized that some of my favorite long-form creators I had been following had gone mysteriously missing from my feed. And it turned out I was missing all their new videos, because they decided to format+post them as "shorts." These were the same videos they had been producing for years now. Just as long as before. Just in portrait now.

---

Tangent: Why are creators even bothering to make these videos and mark them as "shorts", if they're not actually short-form videos?

Well, creators are incentivized to do this, because YT is really pushing shorts; and so, if you make your video into a "short" — whether or not it's a short-form video — your video will get promoted in many shorts-only UI carousels and recommended areas of the site and apps, that it otherwise wouldn't. (This easy route to promotion is especially tantalizing for newer creators trying to "break through" to a self-sustaining audience.)

And YT itself is incentivized, now that they have all this frontage to push "shorts", to have a constant stream of new "shorts" to push — whether or not those "shorts" are really in the spirit of short-form content.

YT and the creators are effectively aligned in an implicit agreement to violate the spirit of "short-form video" in the name of bringing more attention to what's basically their same old content format.

OGWhales•12m ago
I noticed that as well (though I do think there is a time limit), but decided I didn't want to encourage more of it and still avoid any shorts. I usually watch on a TV anyway, so vertical videos are pretty weird...
zoklet-enjoyer•9m ago
Pretty sure YouTube shorts have a 3min time limit. That's what it was last time I uploaded a video. By the way, it's really annoying that videos a minute or under need to be Shorts and they converted all old short videos to Shorts
jlund-molfese•3m ago
I disagree in principle, but your comment was actually pretty interesting, so I still upvoted it!

I sometimes watch shorts when I go directly to a creator's page, but still notice myself sucked into the loop of the next short automatically playing and not being particularly interesting.

gblargg•36m ago
Anyone who's able to stomach those short videos has to have cognitive deficits or mental issues. I'd rather watch an advertisement than those (and I can't stand watching advertisements).
cadamsdotcom•32m ago
Short form is no good to consume anyway.

The moment the content gets interesting - the athlete is about to cross the finish line, or the voiceover is about to explain HOW they got the turtle out from the barbed wire - the video restarts!

Then there is a mix of annoyance and curiosity - at the content not going deep enough - and that jolts me out of the addiction loop.

AstroBen•32m ago
> Increased SFV use was associated with poorer cognition (moderate mean effect size, r = −.34), with attention (r = −.38) and inhibitory control (r = −.41) yielding the strongest associations.

I mean it makes perfect sense. Short form content succeeds by giving people peak payoff moments really quickly over and over again. Cognition, attention and inhibitory control require the exact opposite - going through a bit of relative boredom before you get the bigger payoff

Does anyone know if the opposite, longer form content like novels, has been shown to improve these areas?

Boogie_Man•29m ago
I recall being flabbergasted the first time I saw someone watching (what I think was) tick tock. An adolescent boy a few rows in front of me at an amphitheater was watching what I believe was comedic content at full volume, but the jump cuts and sound effects were so jarring and constant that even when I focused for a minute and tried to force myself to understand what he was watching, I couldn't follow what was happening.

I can recall being that age and being overwhelmed and exhausted after watching a Pokemon TV show battle sequence, but this has nothing on what I assume is the worst kind of short form content today. "The weed is different now bro".

taw1285•26m ago
This tracks for me. I have deleted TikTok and Instagram but now I find myself browsing X short videos!! Addiction is a crazy thing.

I have a daily 30 minute one way commute. I usually put on a YouTube video about startup or tech talk. But I find myself forgetting it all the day after. I am curious how you go about remembering the content without being able to take notes while driving.

mrDmrTmrJ•7m ago
I have YouTube.com and X.com IP blocked on this computer for exactly that reason.

Because I noticed I have zero self-control with the short-term video format. So now I don't touch it and consider it similar to cigarettes.

apsurd•6m ago
Information for its own sake to obtain doesn't have any lasting effect, it makes sense why you forget. Try to intake the information and have it cue a relation to your life, have it spark some internal thought. I'm struggling to articulate this, I've always been "a thinker", just think about things all day. I rarely finish books because whatever I read I think about it for so long.

It's my own personal reflection on information, knowledge, and learning, I hesitated to write this comment but I did at the chance it helps.

Information is basically a commodity these days. The leverage is in how the info informs your thoughts.

nverba•25m ago
As someone who pays for YouTube, I don't understand why I can't disable shorts fully. They already have my money. What more do they want?
itake•23m ago
they want your time
sturza•21m ago
attention is all they want
OGWhales•18m ago
Yeah, I find it odd how hard they push it, like trying to shove it down my throat levels of pushing shorts. I already use their platform heavily, just for regular videos. My guess is they get more data from how you interact with shorts and they find that to be super valuable info over what they get from regular video watching.
nxor•2m ago
Funny enough, last I saw, shorts of course are less profitable than videos, because they can't carry as many ads, and supposedly advertisers would rather put their ads on longer videos anyway. This would imply they just want to stay relevant. After all, if they didn't make short form videos, someone somewhere would be convinced they are missing out (personally I find shorts a lot worse than long videos).
1970-01-01•15m ago
They want more of your money. They will monetize you as much as they can. You're just a well-supported, paying product.
Barrin92•11m ago
companies don't work like people, there is no limit to their desires. Trying to appeal to the good taste of a trillion dollar company is, as the anecdote goes, like letting a tiger swallow you up to the shoulders and then demand that it spare your head.
cultofmetatron•3m ago
> companies don't work like people, there is no limit to their desires.

public companies specifically force this kind of capture all possible revenue capture to the point of hurting long term profits.

Take Valve, a private company that understands that its not worth pissing off your customers in the long term and have an incentive structure that supports that.

zparky•9m ago
Honestly, I use revanced on my android phone which lets me disable all shorts content appearing. and on browser if i stick to the subscriptions tab and maybe the sidebar on videos, there's no shorts.
CGMthrowaway•4m ago
Get Unhook extension (for desktop)
autonomousErwin•23m ago
Great ad for Grayscale on your phone and chrome extensions that get rid of shorts
SunshineTheCat•9m ago
I find it weird that this focuses specifically upon "short form video" as though that's the dangerous or addictive element.

It's like saying drinking consistently throughout the day is dangerous without specifying whether we're talking about bourbon or water.

That key variable seems to matter more than the format.

For example: how do you think a person would feel if they watched 30 minutes straight of "short form video" of kittens playing with each other as opposed to a person who watches 30 minutes of people telling them their political opponents want them to die.

Somehow I think these two scenarios would have very different "mental health" impacts. As with anything, it comes down to what people choose to consume, not how they consume it.

tartuffe78•7m ago
I don't think getting addicted to constant serotonin boosts from enjoyable videos is that much better to be honest.
j2kun•3m ago
Nobody is using this thread to actually talk about what's in the paper, just as a place to rant about short form videos... One question that comes to mind to me is: r=-.034 a reasonable effect size? Having seen many scatter plots of r values, 0.3 seems basically like random noise. Is this just falling into the same problem as all huge meta-studies, that there's way too much variability to get any kind of clear signal?

And why, for that matter, do we need science to tell us that SFV is bad and addictive? Isn't that patently obvious from our own lived experiences?

occupant•2m ago
I found myself nodding in agreement and patting myself on the back about not consuming SFVs, until I realized that I had just read the abstract and closed the page.
lbrito•2m ago
Its been a long time since I took statistics courses, but aren't those r values rather low to conclude anything?

"Increased SFV use was associated with poorer cognition (moderate mean effect size, r = −.34), with attention (r = −.38) and inhibitory control (r = −.41) yielding the strongest associations. Similarly, increased SFV use was associated with poorer mental health (weak mean effect size, r = −.21), with stress (r = −.34) and anxiety (r = −.33)"