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Crime rates of undocumented-, legal immigrants, & native-born citizens in Texas

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117
10•u1hcw9nx•1h ago

Comments

defrost•1h ago
Definitely one for the "actual data" crowd and inline with ground truthing in multiple countries.

Full Title: Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas

  Despite its centrality to public and political discourse, we lack even basic information on fundamental questions regarding undocumented immigrants and crime.

  This stems largely from data constraints.

  Going beyond existing research, we utilize data from the Texas Department of Public Safety, which checks and records the immigration status of all arrestees throughout the state.

  Contrary to public perception, we observe considerably lower felony arrest rates among undocumented immigrants compared to legal immigrants and native-born US citizens and find no evidence that undocumented criminality has increased in recent years.

  Our findings help us understand why the most aggressive immigrant removal programs have not delivered on their crime reduction promises and are unlikely to do so in the future.
This is foundational work for effective public policy aimed at crime reduction, increasing tax revenue, cost effective policing etc.

Not great for those that revel in the excitement of Enforcement Theatre.

pjc50•58m ago
> Not great for those that revel in the excitement of Enforcement Theatre

The problem is that facts are useless against bigotry.

tjpnz•58m ago
When you're ineligible for most kinds of welfare and have the constant threat of arrest and deportation hanging over your head I don't imagine you'll have much time for it.
stateofinquiry•44m ago
Respectfully: I think the study is largely irrelevant to those who you seem to dismiss as one who "revel in Enforcement Theatre". I do agree the study provides valuable information I think it missed the point made by many advocates of immediate removal of those in the US illegally: No matter how low the rate of criminality by those in the country without permission, the number of events caused by that population should be pushed to 0 by removing them or not having them enter the country in the first place.

Specifically: According to Wikipedia there were about 1.7 M undocumented people in Texas as of 2023. The study estimates 96.2 violent crimes per year per 100K for that same population. So that is about 1,635 violent crimes per year that should not happen. Across all the categories they present, its 308.8 crimes per 100K per year- so for the undocumented population that means about 5,250 crimes per year that in theory should not happen (if there were 0 undocumented people in Texas).

The fact that the rate is lower for native-born or legal immigrants is immaterial to the argument advanced by those seeking more enforcement of immigration laws. Now, there are many, many aspects of the current administration's approach that can be debated and will probably not stand up well to scrutiny, but its important to understand the arguments being made if we are honestly interested in engaging in discussion and improvement.

Another interesting thing: From the study results I think that if you did drop the number of undocumented people in Texas to 0, the crime rates would actually increase, even as the absolute number of crimes dropped. And the number would only drop if those removed were not replaced with (for example) legal immigrants.

b112•1h ago
The reason is simple. If you are an illegal alien, you could be deported if charged with a crime. And yes, that includes 2 years ago.

My suspicion is that crimes of passion woud be the same. A fight due to an emotional issue, murder when discovering your partner in bed with another, those emotional moments which can lead to violence.

An illegal alien may even curtail alcohol to keep a clearer head, thus resulting in fewer crimes of drunkenness.

epolanski•1h ago
That seems to be an interesting correlation: I don't want to get in trouble to avoid being deported.

In Italy there is statistical evidence that illegal immigrants are overrepresented in terms of arrests/convictions. That being said, the data underneath is often hard to judge without bias. Police is more likely to arrest and investigate an illegal compared to a local. Other factors include weighting for age and other socio economical factors.

Illegals are often young adults, male and financially weak: exactly the demographic that is more prone to crime regardless of its ethnical background or nationality. When you normalize for those factors you find out that illegal immigrants are not statistically likelier to commit crime than young Italian unemployed males.

Data is difficult to collect and even harder to analyze, and you can twist data to tell you what you want to hear. In order to really shape legislative action you need to invest in data collection and analysis first.

6510•39m ago
Right, one could forget they are migrants and conclude that crime scales with punishment. It's a mechanic oddly absent in laws? Size of sentences should really be a formula that takes in the count of previous instances weighted by how long ago they happened. You could even extend existing sentences if the crime becomes popular.
Gibbon1•44m ago
Friend of mine was naturalized under the Simpson Mazzoli act. He said while their application was being processed he and his brothers would repeat the same joke. One would say It's Saturday night! What are we going to do? And the rest would say in a sad chorus, 'stay home'

Personally I think immigrating to the US illegally requires a level of social skills and level headedness that is negatively associated with criminality.

TonyStr•18m ago
Deportation would also affect the statistics, in that it removes potential repeat-offenders, no?

The study doesn't mention repeat offenses, so I can only assume they sampled both first-offenders and repeat-offenders. If illegal immigrant offenders get deported rather than jailed, the statistics would be lower than if they were sent to prison and allowed to return to crime afterwards.

mediumsmart•1h ago
I opened the page, speed scrolled with momentum around 3 quarters - did not see a graph, table or diagram flying past and closed the site.

and now I sit here not believing I actually did that.

KZerda•1h ago
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117#fig01 there are multiple charts and graphs
pjc50•59m ago
The graphs are under the "results" section, available from the hyperlink top right.
MonkeyClub•53m ago
> and now I sit here not believing I actually did that.

Optimization comes for us all :) I also have caught myself repeatedly skimming and scanning for that one salient point, feeling like "ain't nobody got time for all that verbiage".

Too much info, too little time, so gotta optimize.

TFA's TL;DR is midway through the abstract (which is itself the old school TL;DR):

> Relative to undocumented immigrants, US-born citizens are over 2 times more likely to be arrested for violent crimes, 2.5 times more likely to be arrested for drug crimes, and over 4 times more likely to be arrested for property crimes.

Which is sort of understandable, the undocumented immigrant may feel under constant watch or even persecuted and self-police their behavior.

Anecdotally, I've encountered this in academic contexts, where foreign students were way more apprehensive and careful, while native ones quite loose with their behaviors.

TrackerFF•57m ago
Doesn't really mater, when these things are being politicized and fueled by racism (always need some boogeyman), you'll always see wildly disproportionate coverage.

If some illegal / undocumented foreigner sexually assaults a white person, that's all you'll see in the newspapers and media for a week. There will be townhall meetings, debates, protests.

While all this happens, twice as many will experience the same SA by their spouse, family member/friend, tinder date, or whatever. Likely you'll never hear about those - as if they never happened.

In the end, public perception is what drives everything. Far-right media has known this for a long time - and are using it for all it is worth. They also know that no one ever won the public by defending criminals.

TonyStr•34m ago
> While all this happens, twice as many will experience the same SA by their spouse, family member/friend, tinder date, or whatever

Figure 2 shows that sexual assault is almost twice as likely to be perpetrated by immigrants than US-born citizens[0]. As a foreigner with no ball in the game here, I've seen a lot of outrage from both black-on-white and white-on-black violence in the US. Maybe some news papers like fox news are more selective in what they show, but APNews (which I've been reading for world news) seems to cover a pretty balanced range of racial crime.

> If some illegal / undocumented foreigner sexually assaults a white person, that's all you'll see in the newspapers and media for a week. There will be townhall meetings, debates, protests.

Maybe I'm misunderstanding the scale of this, but surely it doesn't compare to the response that George Floyd got?

[0] - https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014704117#fig02

nephihaha•19m ago
I have to admit I sceptical of a lot of crime figures. A lot of crime goes unreported for various reasons. I've no idea how much crime goes unreported but I hear about it all the time, and I don't report most crimes to the police anymore. We had £750 stolen from a community group and the police would do nothing but we do know who did it because we had independent witnesses. It was stressful and pointless to report it and the perp still wanders around as if nothing happened. I'm sure this repeats over and over.

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