Ash restricts resources via the Endpoint Security and Network Extension frameworks. These frameworks are significantly more powerful than the sandbox-exec tool.
Each session is driven by a policy file. Any out-of-policy action is denied by default. You can audit denials in the GUI app, which lets you view out-of-policy actions and retroactively add them to your policy file.
Ash also comes with tools for building policies. You can use an "observation session" to watch the typical behavior of a coding agent and capture that behavior in a policy file for future sandbox sessions. Linting, formatting, and rule merging are all built into the Ash CLI to keep your policy files concise and maintainable.
Download Ash at https://ashell.dev