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I built a programming language using Claude Code

https://ankursethi.com/blog/programming-language-claude-code/
35•GeneralMaximus•1h ago

Comments

andsoitis•53m ago
> While working on Cutlet, though, I allowed Claude to generate every single line of code. I didn’t even read any of the code. Instead, I built guardrails to make sure it worked correctly (more on that later).

Impressive. As a practical matter, one wonders what th point would be in creating a new programming languages if the programmer no longer has to write or read code.

Programming languages are after all the interface that a human uses to give instructions to a computer. If you’re not writing or reading it, the language, by definition doesn’t matter.

johnfn•51m ago
> If you’re not writing or reading it, the language, by definition doesn’t matter.

By what definition? It still matters if I write my app in Rust vs say Python because the Rust version still have better performance characteristics.

johnbender•51m ago
In principle (and we hope in practice) the person is still responsible for the consequences of running the code and so it remains important they can read and understand what has been generated.
_aavaa_•44m ago
I don’t agree with the idea that programming languages don’t have an impact of an LLM to write code. If anything, I imagine that, all else being equal, a language where the compiler enforces multiple levels of correctness would help the AI get to a goal faster.
jetbalsa•41m ago
That is why Typescript is the main one used by most people vibe coding, The LLMs do like to work around the type engine in it sometimes, but strong typing and linting can help a ton in it.
phn•34m ago
A good example of this is Rust. Rust is by default memory safe when compared to say, C, at the expense of you having to be deliberate in managing memory. With LLMs this equation changes significantly because that harder/more verbose code is being written by the LLM, so it won't slow you down nearly as much. Even better, the LLM can interact with the compiler if something is not exactly as it should.

On a different but related note, it's almost the same as pairing django or rails with an LLM. The framework allows you to trust that things like authentication and a passable code organization are being correctly handled.

andyfilms1•33m ago
I've been wondering if a diffusion model could just generate software as binary that could be fed directly into memory.
entropie•31m ago
Yeah, what could go wrong.
marssaxman•25m ago
The constraints enforced in the language still matter. A language which offers certain correctness guarantees may still be the most efficient way to build a particular piece of software even when it's a machine writing the code.

There may actually be more value in creating specialized languages now, not less. Most new languages historically go nowhere because convincing human programmers to spend the time it would take to learn them is difficult, but every AI coding bot will learn your new language as a matter of course after its next update includes the contents of your website.

UncleOxidant•13m ago
> but every AI coding bot will learn your new language as a matter of course after its next update includes the contents of your website.

That's assuming that your new, very unknown language gets slurped up in the next training session which seems unlikely. Couldn't you use RAG or have an LLM read the docs for your language?

danielvaughn•13m ago
In addition, I think token efficiency will continue to be a problem. So you could imagine very terse programming languages that are roughly readable for a human, but optimized to be read by LLMs.
spelunker•21m ago
Like everything generated by LLMs though, it is built on the shoulders of giants - what will happen to software if no one is creating new programming languages anymore? Does that matter?
onlyrealcuzzo•13m ago
> Impressive. As a practical matter, one wonders what th point would be in creating a new programming languages if the programmer no longer has to write or read code.

I'm working on a language as well (hoping to debut by end of month), but the premise of the language is that it's designed like so:

1) It maximizes local reasoning and minimizes global complexity

2) It makes the vast majority of bugs / illegal states impossible to represent

3) It makes writing correct, concurrent code as maximally expressive as possible (where LLMs excel)

4) It maximizes optionality for performance increases (it's always just flipping option switches - mostly at the class and function input level, occassionaly at the instruction level)

The idea is that it should be as easy as possible for an LLM to write it (especially convert other languages to), and as easy as possible for you to understand it, while being almost as fast as absolutely perfect C code, and by virtue of the design of the language - at the human review phase you have minimal concerns of hidden gotcha bugs.

koolala•6m ago
Saves tokens. The main reason though is to manage performance for what techniques get used for specific use cases.
ramon156•53m ago
AI written code with a human writted blog post, that's a big step up.

That said, it's a lot of words to say not a lot of things. Still a cool post, though!

ivanjermakov•23m ago
> with a human writted blog post

I believe we're at a point where it's not possible to accurately decide whether text is completely written by human, by computer, or something in between.

wavemode•10m ago
We're definitely not at that point.

If this blog post is unedited LLM output, the blog owner needs to sell whatever model, setup and/or prompt he used for a million dollars, since it's clearly far beyond the state-of-the-art in terms of natural-sounding tone.

righthand•52m ago
> I’ve also been able to radically reduce my dependency on third-party libraries in my JavaScript and Python projects. I often use LLMs to generate small utility functions that previously required pulling in dependencies from NPM or PyPI.

This is such an interesting statement to me in the context of leftpad.

rpowers•44m ago
I'm imagining the amount of energy required to power the datacenter so that we can produce isEven() utility methods.
nefarious_ends•15m ago
we need a caching layer
amelius•51m ago
The AI age is calling for a language that is append-only, so we can write in a literate programming style and mix prompts with AI output, in a linear way.
geon•47m ago
That’s git commits.
scottmf•44m ago
or css
amelius•3m ago
That's arguably not very ergonomic, which is probably the biggest requirement for a programming language.
tines•49m ago
Next you can let Claude play your video games for you as well. Gads we are a voyeuristic society aren’t we.
jetbalsa•44m ago
I am kind of doing that now. I put Kimi K2.5 into a Ralph Loop to make a Screeps.com AI. So far its been awful at it. If you want to track its progress, I have its dashboard at https://balsa.info
theblazehen•25m ago
Here's Claude playing Detroit: Become Human https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mcr7G1Cuzwk
ajay-b•16m ago
Why not let Claude do our dating? I'm surprised someone hasn't thought of this: AI dating, let the AI find and qualify a date for you, and match with the person who meets you, for you!
g3f32r•13m ago
I suspect this is going to be an iteration of the Simpsons meme soon, but...

Black Mirror did it first https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_the_DJ

jaggederest•42m ago
I think we're going to see a lot more of this. I've done a similar thing, hosting a toy language on haskell, and it was remarkably easy to get something useful and usable, in basically a weekend. If you keep the surface area small enough you can now make a fully fledged, compiled language for basically every single purpose you'd like, and coevolve the language, the code, and the compiler
soperj•32m ago
We did this in 4th year comp-sci.
marginalia_nu•22m ago
Yeah it's a rewarding project. Getting a language that kinda works is surprisingly accessible. Though we must be mindful that this is still the "draw some circles" pane. Producing the rest of the rest of the famous owl is, as always, the hard bit.
craigmcnamara•39m ago
Now anyone can be a Larry Wall, and I'm not sure that's a good thing.
nz•12m ago
This is not exactly novel. In the 2000s, someone made a fully functioning Perl 6 runtime in a very short amount of time (a month, IIRC) using Haskell. The various Lisps/Schemes have always given you the ability to implement specialized languages even more quickly and ergonomically than Haskell (IMHO).

This latest fever for LLMs simply confirms that people would rather do _anything_ other than program in a (not necessarily purely) functional language that has meta-programming facilities. I personally blame functional fixedness (psychological concept). In my experience, when someone learns to program in a particular paradigm or language, they are rarely able or willing to migrate to a different one (I know many people who refused to code in anything that did not look and feel like Java, until forced to by their growling bellies). The AI/LLM companies are basically (and perhaps unintentionally) treating that mental inertia as a business opportunity (which, in one way or another, it was for many decades and still is -- and will probably continue to be well into a post-AGI future).

kerkeslager•28m ago
> While working on Cutlet, though, I allowed Claude to generate every single line of code. I didn’t even read any of the code. Instead, I built guardrails to make sure it worked correctly (more on that later).

The "more on that later" was unit tests (also generated by Claude Code) and sample inputs and outputs (which is basically just unit tests by a different name).

This is... horrifically bad. It's stupidly easy to make unit tests pass with broken code, and even more stupidly easy when the test is also broken.

These "guardrails" are made of silly putty.

pluc•14m ago
Claude Code built a programming language using you
laweijfmvo•12m ago
Using LLMs to invent new programming languages is a mystery to me. Who or what is going to use this? Presumably not the author.
matthews3•7m ago
AI generate some feedback, then just move onto the next project, and repeat.
mriet•7m ago
Wait. You built a new language, that there's thus no training data for.

Who the hell is going to use it then? You certainly won't, because you're dependent on AI.

logicprog•4m ago
"Please don't post shallow dismissals, especially of other people's work. A good critical comment teaches us something."

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html

koolala•2m ago
With clear examples in their context they don't need training data.
jcranmer•5m ago
I recently tried using Claude to generate a lexer and parser for a language i was designing. As part of its first attempt, this was the code to parse a float literal:

  fn read_float_literal(&mut self) -> &'a str {
    let start = self.pos;
    while let Some(ch) = self.peek_char() {
      if ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || ch == '.' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' {
        self.advance_char();
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    &self.source[start..self.pos]
  }
Admittedly, I do have a very idiosyncratic definition of floating-point literal for my language (I have a variety of syntaxes for NaNs with payloads), but... that is not a usable definition of float literal.

At the end of the day, I threw out all of the code the AI generated and wrote it myself, because the AI struggled to produce code that was functional to spec, much less code that would allow me to easily extend it to other kinds of future operators that I knew I would need in the future.

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