(1) there is the need to switch to entirely ‘green’ systems based on atmospheric CO2, renewable energy, and maybe synthetic biology in the long term, …

(2) but also some improvements to fossil-based situations such as capturing CO2 generates by a petrochemical factory or oil refinery and pumping it underground or using it to make more products and also ideas like

https://www.ansys.com/blog/future-of-energy-is-turquoise

where you might electrically heat methane and cause it to decompose into hydrogen and solid carbon products which might even be valuable.