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Martin Fowler: Technical, Cognitive, and Intent Debt

https://martinfowler.com/fragments/2026-04-14.html
40•theorchid•1h ago

Comments

kvisner•43m ago
I see what Martin is saying here, but you could make that argument for moving up the abstraction layers at any point. Assembly to Python creates a lot of Intent & Cognitive debt by his definition, because you didn't think through how to manipulate the bits on the hardware, you just allowed the interpereter to do it.

My counter is that technical intent, in the way he is describing it, only exists because we needed to translate human intent into machine language. You can still think deeply about problems without needed to formulate them as domain driven abstractions in code. You could mind map it, or journal about it, or put post-it notes all over the wall. Creating object oriented abstractions isn't magic.

didericis•28m ago
> you didn't think through how to manipulate the bits on the hardware, you just allowed the interpreter to do it

If you are thinking through deterministic code, you are thinking through the manipulation of bits in hardware. You are just doing it in a language which is easier for humans to understand.

There is a direct mapping of intent.

layer8•21m ago
Translating your intent into a formal language is a tool of thought in itself. It’s by that process that you uncover the ambiguities, the aspects and details you didn’t consider, maybe even that the approach as a whole has to be reconsidered. While writing in natural language can also be a tool of thought, there is an essential element in aligning one’s thought process with a formal language that doesn’t allow for any vagueness or ambiguity.

It’s similar to how doing math in natural language without math notation is cumbersome and error-prone.

achierius•12m ago
> Assembly to Python creates a lot of Intent & Cognitive debt by his definition, because you didn't think through how to manipulate the bits on the hardware, you just allowed the interpereter to do it

I agree! You often see this realized when projects slowly migrate to using more and more ctypes code to try and back out of that pit.

In a previous job, a project was spun up using Python because it was easier and the performance requirements weren't understood at that time. A year or two later it had become a bottleneck for tapeout, and when it was rewritten most of the abstract architecture was thrown out with it, since it was all Pythonic in a way that required a different approach in C++

PaulHoule•25m ago
Hits the spot for me. I am always pushing back on AI to simplify and improve concision.
hibikir•15m ago
LLMs don't lack the virtue of laziness: it has it if you want it to, by just having a base prompt that matches intent. I've had good success convincing claude backed agents to aim for minimal code changes, make deduplication passes, and basically every other reasonable "instinct" of a very senior dev. It's not knowledge that the models haven't integrated, but one that many don't have on their forefront with default settings. I bet we've all seen the models that over-edit everything, and act like the crazy mid-level dev that fiddles with the entire codebase without caring one bit about anyone else's changes, or any risk of knowledge loss due to overfiddling.

And on Jess' comments on validating docs vs generating them... It's a traditional locking problem, with traditional solutions. And it's not as if the agent cannot read git, and realize when one thing is done first, in anticipation of the other by convention.

I'm quite senior: In fact, I have been a teammate of a couple of people mention in this article. I suspect that they'd not question my engineering standards. And yet I've no seen any of that kind of debt in my LLM workflows: if anything, by most traditional forms of evaluating software quality, the projects I work on are better than what they were 5, 10 years ago, using the same metrics as back then. And it's not magic or anything, but making sure there are agents running sharing those quality priorities. But I am getting work done, instead of spending time looking for attention in conferences.

brodouevencode•9m ago
> ...to develop the powerful abstractions that then allow us to do much more, much more easily. Of course, the implicit wink here is that it takes a lot of work to be lazy

This lines up with YAGNI, but most people believe the opposite, often using YAGNI to justify NOT building the necessary abstractions.

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