"While Iran is subject to blanket Western economic sanctions, the exchange has avoided being designated by the United States and its allies. Reuters could find no indications that anyone in the Kharrazi family has been sanctioned by Western governments, and was unable to determine why Nobitex has been spared the kind of penalties placed on other major Iranian economic players.

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Throughout the war, Nobitex has continued processing transactions, even during a government-imposed nationwide internet shutdown and widespread power outages in Tehran, according to three blockchain analysis firms, which track activity involving Nobitex and other exchanges.

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Of the nine former employees and professional acquaintances Reuters interviewed, only one learned of the brothers’ family ties directly from them. Another said he discovered it after researching them. Among those most surprised was a former coworker who counted Mohammad as a close friend of many years standing and expressed shock when Reuters disclosed the Kharrazi family connection to him.

'I was pretty open about my criticism for the regime, and my colleagues were, too,' said another former Nobitex employee. Discovering the brothers’ family name 'made me afraid. I did a lot of hate speech against the regime and religion.'"