Not in Windows, but in my teens I happened across a very similar color scheme on my Commodore 64, and used it for quite a while.

Something about red text on a yellow background made pixel-level details on my television set seem much crisper. The default light-blue on dark blue, for instance, was much blurrier. I'm not sure if it was an illusion, or something actually grounded in the display technology of old CRTs.