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Which developer tools should be free or offer more features?

https://codeground.ai/
1•aashhuttossh•1m ago•0 comments

Fractal Paris

https://panoramic.city/fractalparis/
1•alexakten•1m ago•1 comments

The U.S. Army Is Burning Through Its AI Tokens

https://www.wired.com/story/the-army-is-burning-through-its-ai-tokens/
1•ripe•2m ago•0 comments

New hope in the fight against cachexia — cancer’s deadly co-conspirator

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-02228-7
1•Brajeshwar•3m ago•0 comments

Now You Can Work in C with Only BASIC Knowledge

https://computeradsfromthepast.substack.com/p/c-source-basic_c
1•rbanffy•5m ago•0 comments

We 3×'d PRs in 6 months, and how you can too

https://amplitude.com/3x
1•0xferruccio•5m ago•0 comments

Nine Years to Halve a Hash Function: RFC 9861 Is Out

https://blog.zksecurity.xyz/posts/kangaroo/
3•baby•6m ago•0 comments

How did the H1B visa become the 'Indian' visa

https://numberstation.fm/the-body-shop/
2•StrageMusik•6m ago•0 comments

TreeSize won't renew perpetual-license support unless users subscribe

https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2026/07/treesize-wont-renew-perpetual-license-support-unless-user...
1•speckx•6m ago•0 comments

Show HN: Edky, a CLI to convert Ed25519 public keys from one encoding to another

https://github.com/artob/edky
1•arto•7m ago•0 comments

Explanation about Groth16, the most used zero-knowledge proof [video]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Tl20_XUZLI
2•baby•7m ago•0 comments

Jack Dorsey launches BUZZ, a new groupchat platform

https://twitter.com/jack/status/2079605800998146171
1•tosh•7m ago•0 comments

Pan Am Clipper Endeavor Is Found After over 70 Years Lost at Sea

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/21/us/pan-am-clipper-endeavor-wreckage-found.html
1•thunderbong•7m ago•0 comments

YouTube System Design for Robotics Data Infrastructure

https://hebbianrobotics.com/blog/youtube-system-design-for-robotics-data-infrastructure
1•kstonekuan•7m ago•0 comments

Tour de France hit by new wave of anti-doping tests

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260721-tour-de-france-hit-by-new-wave-of-anti-doping-tests
1•tosh•8m ago•0 comments

Show HN: Aido – an AI companion for the pull requests your AI writes

https://github.com/aido-dev/aido
1•dvirdung•9m ago•0 comments

"Try quickly typing 1+2+3. I bet you won't get 6."

https://unsung.aresluna.org/try-quickly-typing-123-i-bet-you-wont-get-6/
2•leephillips•9m ago•0 comments

Show HN: Autoretrieval – Autoresearch for RAG Pipelines

https://github.com/daly2211/autoretrieval
2•Daly_chebbi•9m ago•1 comments

Loop Engineering, Graph Engineering, and Layers That Matters

https://iii.dev/blog/loops-graphs-and-the-layer-that-matters/
1•rohitghumare•15m ago•0 comments

90k Flock cameras have gone up in the US: What they track and how to check

https://www.zdnet.com/article/flock-ai-cameras-risks-us-how-to-find-nearby-what-they-track/
3•CrankyBear•15m ago•0 comments

MentraOS no longer needs a cloud relay

https://mentraglass.com/blogs/blog/mentra-roadmap-update-moving-to-miniapps-on-the-phone
1•genzcash•15m ago•0 comments

Greedy is optimal for single-pass semi-streaming matching

https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.14656
2•MarcoDewey•16m ago•0 comments

Is fine-tuning still needed? LLMs, RAG, & LoRA – IBM Technology [video]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W2JdSl1v48
1•me_bx•17m ago•0 comments

Apple Private Cloud Compute SoC 3 audit reports

https://support.apple.com/guide/certifications/apple-private-cloud-compute-soc-3-audit-apc95a31b9...
1•throwfaraway4•18m ago•0 comments

Show HN: Tokenmaxx – CLI that merges usage across Claude Code and Codex accounts

https://github.com/RubricLab/tokenmaxx
4•sarimmalik•19m ago•0 comments

I built an AI agent I can't turn off. Now it won't listen to me

https://andrewrussell.substack.com/p/i-built-an-ai-agent-i-cant-turn-
1•aruss•20m ago•0 comments

Measuring the Impact of High Availability on Managed Postgres Performance

https://clickhouse.com/blog/postgresbench-ha
1•saisrirampur•20m ago•0 comments

A Taxonomy of Omnicidal Futures Involving Artificial Intelligence (2025)

https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09369
1•measurablefunc•20m ago•0 comments

Database Detective: Minor Crimes Division

https://store.steampowered.com/app/3950130/Database_Detective_Minor_Crimes_Division/
1•evo_9•20m ago•0 comments

Show HN: Statgate, statistically calibrated ship/block CI gates for LLM evals

https://github.com/yashchimata/statgate
1•yashchimata•20m ago•0 comments
Open in hackernews

The World's 2,400 Castles

https://thecastlemap.com/
97•marklit•2h ago

Comments

pastemato•1h ago
Immediately curious about the concentration of castles on the Ghanaian coast. Wonder what that's about.
Svip•1h ago
During the height of the Triangle Trade, Europeans built a lot of forts to protect their interests along the Gold and Ivory Coasts; why these forts are considered castles by this site is beyond me (just for clarification: a castle is a fortified private residence).

Edit: I now realise that the site specifically says "Map of the world's great castles & fortresses", so I guess the site considers them fortresses, not castles. I retract my snark.

guyzero•1h ago
The title of the page is "Map of the world's great castles & fortresses". So those are latter.
jameshart•1h ago
There is no taxonomy of these things you could make that will not cause some eyebrow raising choices.

It counts Clarence House in London in its top 100 as a world famous ‘palace’ - it’s a Georgian townhouse.

Age of sail trading post forts seem a relatively uncontroversial inclusion in comparison.

pizzathyme•1h ago
We just stayed in Dalhousie Castle, the oldest in Scotland. Very beautiful and well maintained, with lots of spooky history.

If you want to leave a legacy, build something out of stone.

guyzero•1h ago
Interesting that in Canada Rideau Hall counts, but Casa Loma does not.
pluc•1h ago
or Chateau Frontenac in Quebec? What's the criteria for being a castle?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac

weezing•48m ago
They use a crappy model I guess. This reeks AI.
runxel•1h ago
Very cool project, but obviously missing (too) many great castles. I'm not sure if that way of measuring popularity is really well done.
lujz•1h ago
Missing a lot, at least three around my home town.
kinow•1h ago
I went to a castle in Dunedin, New Zealand, but NZ seems to be castle-less: Larnach Castle, https://www.larnachcastle.co.nz/.

Brazil also has a few castles, although not sure if they are classified differently -- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_castelos_no_Brasil

Isamu•1h ago
The page does give a pointer to Wikidata, I for one would love to see your example included.
detritus•49m ago
See, I'd class those as something like 'follies' or Whimsy, as they don't appear to be actual fortifications, rather forms of affectation.

That said, I'm not sure what definition or list this site uses - as others have already pointed out, there are loads of castle missing I can tell, just from a few that I've visited across Italy.

samfar90•1h ago
Clicking on full story doesn't do anything. It closes the popup (mobile android)
losteric•1h ago
it's part of a webring of vibecoded slopsites
The_Blade•1h ago
yes, webrings! time for a comeback. i just found an AI agent trained on AOL chat room materials out in the wild, way to go Bending Spoons

why do all the vibecoded slopsites have the same design? i feel icky when i visit one like eternal sunshine of the spotless vibe

1970-01-01•1h ago
Why nothing in North America but forts? There are lots of ancient structures that should be considered. Ex: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montezuma_Castle_National_Monu...
monomers•1h ago
There's at least a couple on the map, e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapultepec_Castle

That one you linked definitely merits inclsion, tho. Had never heard of it. Thanks.

Edit: Or maybe not: apparently it's not considered a castle, despite the name.

1970-01-01•1h ago
Castle means fortified stone building then? What are you considering? Wikipedia has many more. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_castles_in_the_United_...
sharkjacobs•1h ago
> # Etymology

> Neither part of the monument's name is correct. ... was not a "castle" in the traditional sense, but instead may have functioned more like a "prehistoric high rise apartment complex".[8]

My understanding was always that aside from vanity castles like Craigdarroch (https://thecastle.ca) there aren't castles in North America because they're only practical in a pre-cannon world

onion2k•1h ago
Invading Australia is looking pretty tempting right now.
a3w•1h ago
Invading Australia in 1500s is looking pretty tempting, you mean.
jollyllama•1h ago
Needs some of the ones referenced here (including the Dupont Castle, the work of the site's author, who lasted provided a work update in '22): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27929729

See also https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44948352

hurghada•1h ago
Hungary has more than a lot missing https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarorsz%C3%A1gi_v%C3%A1rak_...
hggh•1h ago
Wrong title. Wrong not even by two orders of magnitude.
IncreasePosts•1h ago
There are only 20 castles in the world?
modeless•1h ago
Is Fort Ross really "Renowned" as listed? I've never heard of it and honestly it doesn't look very interesting. I'd rather visit Fort Knox which is a real fortification currently in use, world famous, and not listed here.
the111•11m ago
It’s a Russia hoax.
clickety_clack•1h ago
This is off by many degrees of magnitude for Ireland at least: https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/1nkvqd7/oc...
arethuza•1h ago
Same for Scotland - there are 3 castles within 2 km of where I live, not including a couple of really old ruined hill-forts... which I don't think is an unusual density of these things for this part of the world.

Edit: And of course there is also the huge castle 13km away across the sea sitting on its volcanic plug and very visible from here.

dbspin•1h ago
Seems like your map lists pre-historic ring forts, not castles?

I'm not sure what the 'official' definition of a castle is, but I personally wouldn't consider a crannóg or something like Dún Aonghasa a castle. Nor would I consider a stand alone tower house a castle, although they might (along with gate lodges and great houses), sometimes be colloquially referred to as castles.

Surely a castle is a fortified building, specific to the middle ages. Wikipedia agrees - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle

Which would put the number of Anglo-Norman castles in Ireland much lower, probably something around 100.

Bedon292•51m ago
The map has a category for fortresses too. Which are included in its total count of "castles". So it's seems reasonable to bring them up.
mxfh•1h ago
If you submit some map, at least don't have the title contradict the content description:

"the 2,435 most significant landmarks worldwide, ordered by a fame ranking that blends Wikipedia coverage with real readership."

or someone fix the title here please to what on the app right now:

"Map of the world's great castles & fortresses" whatever that means.

Germany's Saxony alone has 700+ fortications with about 100 being touristically interesting. In the map I count like 9.

deepvibrations•1h ago
Yeah, actually a very cool idea. Hopefully somebody takes it and makes a greatly improved version, as execution is lacking here!
Romario77•24m ago
not really castles - it includes palaces for examples and chateaus.
holoduke•1h ago
There are many castles near my parents house in france. I don't see any of them? AI generated?
deton3991•1h ago
What's really neat about this isn't just the visualization, but that they’ve packaged the whole dataset as open GeoJSON/CSV mirrored on Hugging Face and GitHub—plus an MCP endpoint for AI agents.
dyauspitr•1h ago
Is a palace a castle? If so then there are a huge number missing in India.
dolmen•1h ago
Château de Saint-Cloud, near Paris, reported as "renowned ruin" ??? What a joke! Only the gardens remain.

Even more ridiculous : Bastille also reported as "renowned ruin". Nothing remains. All stones have disappeared centuries ago.

allturtles•1h ago
This dataset is bad. The North Carolina state capitol is a castle?
hbcdbff•1h ago
Slop
andsoitis•1h ago
Australia doesn’t have a single castle!
weezing•44m ago
Who would've built them before modern Australia started to exist tho?
drstewart•1h ago
Tangential, but many of these aren't what people traditionally would think of as castles. Is there any consensus on what the "castliest of castles" is? Presumably something in the UK or Ireland or thereabouts considering that's where the popular media conception of them comes from.
shevy-java•57m ago
I mean, the reason why these dominate in Europe is because largely of the medieval era and a bit before that. Once gunpowder became more widely used, castles became increasingly obsolete. Nowadays they have only touristic value really or movie values, such as the castle in the movie Monty Python and the holy grail. Other than that they are just stone ruins really, some more polished than others. They have no real worth nowadays other than wonder how many resources went into building them.

Also, as others pointed out, the map is missing many castles. I also doubt the spread over China, the map only says about 7 castles in whole China? So that seems totally wrong. The definition for a castle must be incorrect, because Japan has attributed many more and that is simply objectively incorrect. Is the chinese palace classified as a castle? If not, why not? If yes then why not other palaces in China? The map is really not very good here. It should begin by a good definition of what is meant with a castle.

relevant_stats•55m ago
This is not a "map of castles".

I checked my local area, and it omits interesting castles, instead including palaces, landmarks and world war era fortresses.

Shameful submission.

sam_lowry_•53m ago
Where is the castle of James Damore?
Brendinooo•51m ago
The local "castle" on the map is Fort Duquesne, which is listed as "ruins" but in fact has no ruins to visit. It says "The site of both forts is now occupied by Point State Park, where the outlines of the two forts have been laid in granite slabs" - which is true, but...there are no ruins here!

If forts count as castles, at least do Fort Pitt, which has the blockhouse functional.

Anyways - this is a fun project and it should continue!

BasieP2•51m ago
Really luke it, but on mobile (firefox) the links (to wikipedia etc) just don't work..
BasieP2•50m ago
Love it..

But the links don't work.

(firefox mobile)

weezing•50m ago
Heavily lacking at least in Poland. Reeks clanker powered. I miss the times where actual hobbyists were doing stuff.
yabones•45m ago
Not sure if they count, but the site appears to be missing loads of British star-forts built around the great lakes, st. lawrence, and eastern Canada!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_Hill_(Fort_George)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Island_(Nova_Scotia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Fort_Erie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Anne

They built these things _everywhere_, probably a good part of what bankrupted the British Empire!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(Nassau)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Fort

mr_toad•31m ago
It’s missing the extensive Napoleonic-era Western Fortifications on the opposite side of Dover from the much more famous Dover Castle.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Western_Heights

But to be fair they’re much less well known, and quite well concealed, and are partly on private land, with big fences, cameras and scary warning signs. Tourists don’t seem to be much interested in post-medieval fortifications.

yabones•25m ago
sebnukem2•44m ago
The ones in the area where I used to live are all missing.
lifeisstillgood•44m ago
The 10 most famous castles in the world

Palace of Versailles France

Forbidden City People's Republic of China

Neuschwanstein Castle Germany

Buckingham Palace England

Alhambra Spain

Tower of London England

Windsor Castle England

Kremlin Russia

Red Fort India

Topkapı Palace Turkey

So I could name recognise the top ten, and yeah I won’t argue too hard with the list, just apart from Neuschwanstein - but the second I saw it I realised I did not know the name but “Bavarian fairy castle” clearly deserves its ranking

prmph•43m ago
Nice project, but what is "hidden" gem about Elmina castle in Ghana?

If Cape Coast Castle is described as "world renowned", then Elmina should be as well. I live in Ghana their popularity is almost evenly matched.

Also Elmina castle is the oldest and largest European building in existence in sub-Saharan Africa.

One more thing, it is kind of hard to click on specific dots when they are so clustered together. I had to zoom in a lot to see and be able to click on some of the castles I knew were there.

SubiculumCode•41m ago
https://thecastlemap.com/

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Bedon292•39m ago
Cool idea, horrible dataset. Its limited to things in Wikidata rather than using OSM, and it must have an article on Wikipedia in English to count so I am sure it is missing just based on that. And somehow it misses many castles (and other categories it includes) which do meet those requirements.

There is no definition of what they use to categorize anything either. And it clearly isn't applied consistently. There is a Château category and yet many things with Château in their name are tagged as castles.

makeusgreat•26m ago
Hearst Castle Missing. Please add it, it’s probably the most famous castle in California.
the111•14m ago
US is clearly underrepresented, if forts counts as castles, as it seams to do, why isn’t Fort Knox there? Probably the most defended fort in the country.
Yhippa•7m ago
Clearly vibe-coded. Cool idea though. I can see what was leveraged from the Wikipedia data set.

Side question: why does Claude prefer dark backgrounds with low-contrast text?

bluGill
•
41m ago
Castles are practical against cannons but only if built with thicker walls than typical.
dbspin
•
44m ago
Fair, I think the map is nonsense, but also the idea of 30K castles in Ireland is clearly untrue.
bluGill•42m ago
I like the definition where castle is a fortress where a Nobel lives. Fort is where an army lives but no Nobel leader. Palace is where a Nobel lives but it isn't expected to withstand a siege
RugnirViking•34m ago
*Noble. Alfred Nobel invented stable explosives and started a Norwegian prize for achievement in science. Nobles, however, were high ranked members of the feudal hierarchy, often passing their position on to their children.
RodGodKiller•16m ago
Wasn’t he Swedish?
tgdn•46m ago
Same for France, many are missing
AStrangeMorrow•42m ago
Same for France and Spain, which is what I am familiar with. I am expecting it to be true all around.

The map of France shows maybe 100 castles? If you include castles, forts and chateaux (which it seems the map aims to do) France has around 45000 of them, including 15k medieval castles (military), an other 15k from the Renaissance period (mix of military and luxury), and 20k more recent ones (some military, many luxury type).

I know if at least 20 medieval castles within 1h of my hometown and not a single one is here.

For Spain maybe 10k to 20k castles and forts. Out of which at least 2500 genuine medieval castles (not just big houses with fortifications)

It's probably somewhat regional, as the ones in Canada seem to have pretty good tourism interest, especially when they're right inside a city like Quebec and Halifax.

But we're also very starved for true "Medieval Castles" like Europe or east Asia, so we take what we can get!