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JavaScript's New Superpower: Explicit Resource Management

https://v8.dev/features/explicit-resource-management
87•olalonde•5h ago•54 comments

Getting AI to write good SQL

https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/techniques-for-improving-text-to-sql
360•richards•13h ago•183 comments

Wow@Home – Network of Amateur Radio Telescopes

https://phl.upr.edu/wow/outreach
123•visviva•8h ago•7 comments

XTool – Cross-platform Xcode replacement

https://github.com/xtool-org/xtool
115•TheWiggles•8h ago•31 comments

A Linux kernel developer plays with Home Assistant: general impressions

https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/1017720/7155ecb9602e9ef2/
100•pabs3•8h ago•37 comments

Catalog of Novel Operating Systems

https://github.com/prathyvsh/os-catalog
23•prathyvsh•3h ago•5 comments

Implementing a RISC-V Hypervisor

https://seiya.me/blog/riscv-hypervisor
11•ingve•3h ago•0 comments

Thoughts on thinking

https://dcurt.is/thinking
463•bradgessler•15h ago•300 comments

Popcorn: Run Elixir in WASM

https://popcorn.swmansion.com/
23•clessg•1d ago•1 comments

A Research Preview of Codex

https://openai.com/index/introducing-codex/
434•meetpateltech•19h ago•368 comments

New high-quality hash measures 71GB/s on M4

https://github.com/Nicoshev/rapidhash
69•nicoshev11•3d ago•27 comments

Show HN: Fahmatrix – A Lightweight, Pandas-Like DataFrame Library for Java

https://github.com/moustafa-nasr/fahmatrix
29•mousomashakel•6h ago•5 comments

MIT asks arXiv to withdraw preprint of paper on AI and scientific discovery

https://economics.mit.edu/news/assuring-accurate-research-record
313•carabiner•19h ago•163 comments

Rustls Server-Side Performance

https://www.memorysafety.org/blog/rustls-server-perf/
116•jaas•3d ago•32 comments

MCP: An in-depth introduction

https://www.speakeasy.com/mcp/mcp-tutorial
86•ritzaco•3d ago•27 comments

Why Moderna Merged Its Tech and HR Departments

https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-moderna-merged-its-tech-and-hr-departments-95318c2a
9•andy99•3d ago•3 comments

Coding agent in 94 lines of Ruby

https://radanskoric.com/articles/coding-agent-in-ruby
111•radanskoric•2d ago•53 comments

I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

220•proberts•19h ago•377 comments

Show HN: Merliot – plugging physical devices into LLMs

https://github.com/merliot/hub
46•sfeldma•9h ago•11 comments

ClojureScript 1.12.42

https://clojurescript.org/news/2025-05-16-release
160•Borkdude•14h ago•29 comments

A Critical Look at "A Critical Look at MCP."

https://docs.mcp.run/blog/2025/05/16/mcp-implenda-est/
30•palmfacehn•2h ago•6 comments

Show HN: Visual flow-based programming for Erlang, inspired by Node-RED

https://github.com/gorenje/erlang-red
226•Towaway69•20h ago•94 comments

X X^t can be faster

https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09814
178•robinhouston•19h ago•52 comments

Hunting extreme microbes that redefine the limits of life

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01464-7
18•gnabgib•2d ago•1 comments

Show HN: KVSplit – Run 2-3x longer contexts on Apple Silicon

https://github.com/dipampaul17/KVSplit
248•dipampaul17•14h ago•36 comments

Fixrleak: Fixing Java Resource Leaks with GenAI

https://www.uber.com/blog/fixrleak-fixing-java-resource-leaks-with-genai/
7•carimura•3d ago•5 comments

A Linux kernel developer plays with Home Assistant: case studies

https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/1017945/93d12d28178b372e/
59•pabs3•9h ago•35 comments

The first year of free-threaded Python

https://labs.quansight.org/blog/free-threaded-one-year-recap
273•rbanffy•1d ago•267 comments

Java at 30: Interview with James Gosling

https://thenewstack.io/java-at-30-the-genius-behind-the-code-that-changed-tech/
215•chhum•21h ago•306 comments

The Joys of Discovering the Roman Underground

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-joys-of-discovering-the-roman-underground-from-the-colosseum-to-whats-beneath-the-trevi-foundation-180986626/
20•ulrischa•1d ago•11 comments
Open in hackernews

Japan's IC cards are weird and wonderful

https://aruarian.dance/blog/japan-ic-cards/
66•aecsocket•1d ago

Comments

PaulHoule•1d ago
If I had to ask “why is it so fast?” I’d turn it around and ask “Why are western systems so slow?” and posit that Western capital has an ideology that throughout matters by latency doesn’t. (As Fred Brooks puts it, “Nine women can have a baby in one month”). As an individual or a customer you perceive latency directly though, and throughout secondarily. So it comes down to empathy or lack thereof.
aecsocket•1d ago
The magnitude to which FeliCa was faster shocked me as well when I found out. But it's not like the latency is insignificant: it's obvious how much faster people can get through a Tokyo metro gate than a London one. So clearly it must have some kind of financial impact as well, if an entire city's public transport system works slower because of it. Even ignoring empathy for a second, isn't this the kind of thing that a Western capital ideology is supposed to improve? Some food for thought.
PaulHoule•1d ago
It is not just capital but the interpersonal and bureaucratic factors.

Technically the way to think about latency is that a process has N serial steps and you can (a) reduce N, (b) run some of those serial steps in parallel, and (c) speed up the steps.

For one thing, different aspects of the organization own the N steps. You might have one step that is difficult to improve because of organizational issues and then the excuses come in... Step 3 takes 2.0 sec, so why bother reducing Step 5 from 0.5 sec to 0.1 sec? On top of that we valorize "slow food" [1] have sayings like "all good things come to those who wait" and tend to think people are morally superior for waiting as opposed to "get you ass out of the line so we can serve other customers quickly" (e.g. truly empathetic, compassionate, etc.)

Maybe the ultimate expression of the American bad attitude is how you have to wait 20 minutes to board a plane because they have a complicated procedure with 9 priority levels and they have to pay somebody to explain that if you are a veteran you are in zone 3 and if you have this credit card from an another airline that this airline acquired you are in zone 5, etc... meanwhile they are paying the flight crew to wait, paying the ground crew to wait, etc. Southwest Airlines used to have a reasonable and optimized boarding scheme but they gave up on it, I guess the revenue from those credit cards is worth too much.

[1] it's a running gag when I go to a McDonalds in a distant city that it takes forever compared to, I dunno, Sweetgreens, even "fast" food isn't fast anymore. When I worked at a BK circa 1988, we cooked burgers ahead of time and stored them in a steam tray for up to ten minutes and then put condiments on them and put them in a box on a heat chute for up to another ten minutes. Whether you ordered a standard or customized burger you'd usually get it quickly, whereas burger restaurants today all cook the beef to order which just plain takes a while, longer than it takes to assemble a burrito at Chipotle.

brigandish•1h ago
> On top of that we valorize "slow food" [1] have sayings like "all good things come to those who wait"

Japan has its own versions of these things so I doubt it's this. The whole culture is, in general, not built for efficiency either.

toxik•3h ago
The departure times dominate latency and throughput in metros. The gates are not the bottleneck.
chgs•3h ago
When a full train empties out at a specific station you can get massive delays. Euston platforms 8-11 come to mind. Two arrivals of 600+ people (including standing) trains in a minute or so in say 8 and 11 can cause chaos.
aecsocket•2h ago
It depends. Usually you'd be right, but for some big events, the stations and platforms can be incredibly packed. In those cases the extra delay from gates could really hurt. One example is Comiket, where you have thousands of attendees all coming to the same few stations around the venue. Both times I was there, there was a massive crowd spanning from the platform to the outside. Having to wait the extra few hundred milliseconds on each card tap would have been painful.

Here's an example video to show the gates in action: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YffjxN3KsD4

londons_explore•3h ago
> throughout matters but latency doesn’t

Governments who think this set speed limits on roads to 45 mph, since that's the speed where most cars pass per second on a busy road.

Those same governments then act all surprised when it turns out their whole population is depressed and overworked when they work a 9 hour workday, commute 1.5 hours each way, and have no free time for life, relationships, hobbies, etc.

makeitdouble•2h ago
Another angle: mass transit is seen at best as a cost center in the west, when it's more expected to be a fully profitable business in Japan [0]

Paris adopted an IC system as well and it is pretty usable, but not pushed to the extremes of the JR system because they weren't ready to invest as much, manage the money aspect and really make it a full blown business.

[0] some lines and areas are definitely money pits. That's where some companies bail out of the IC system altogether for instance, or go with a different, incompatible but cheaper implementation.

pwim•3h ago
Unfortunately transit operators are looking to discontinue the use of these IC cards in favour of QR codes as part of a cost saving strategy: https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20241015/p2a/00m/0bu/01...
charcircuit•2h ago
That article doesn't say they are.

>It will continue to accept national IC cards such as Suica and Icoca

cmcaleer•2h ago
I hope it lasts, but I'm seeing gates which have QR code readers, IC card readers,and contactless payment readers, which is obviously unsustainable. One or more of these will have to give eventually, and given Japan's tolerance for QR code payments (PayPay is massive) and foreigners' familiarity with contactless it seems like IC is the most likely one to go.

I'd be sad if they do go or get relegated to some app, I love the little mascots.

0xCMP•1h ago
There are several operators mentioned in the article. One is possibly switching entirely to QR because renewing the IC contract is too expensive.

Some are cutting back to just Suica and Icoca. Some are switching to, or using from the start, tap-and-pay (Visa, EMV, etc.).

tonyhart7•2h ago
they want to replace that for cutting cost, this system is great when in large cities but in rural areas the speed,cost etc is excessive

so there's that, I mean if we can optimize QR code system. the winner obviously would be QR because no need to have an dedicated hardware for this

Yes, IC card would be faster but at what point the difference is matters???

toxik•3h ago
I could use my European smartphone (well, smartwatch) as an IC card in Japan. I don't think it was slower.
makeitdouble•3h ago
If you're alluding to an Apple watch, it has Felica support wherever you buy it.

PS: For anyone in doubt https://atadistance.net/2017/09/12/iphone-x-keynote-global-f...

richardwhiuk•2h ago
It also works on iPhone, with built in wallet support for Suica.
lhl•2h ago
It depends on the vendor and whether they are willing to pay for global licensing. For Garmin devices for example, only the APAC version have NFC-F support.
chgs•3h ago
I haven’t noticed any delay in london with a card, phone might be 200ms slower than credit catd. I Haven’t been to japan for a decade, are they really that much faster - and does it make a difference? What happens if a card is wrong/doesn’t scan/is invalid/etc at the higher speed?
lmm•3h ago
> are they really that much faster - and does it make a difference?

Yes and yes

> What happens if a card is wrong/doesn’t scan/is invalid/etc at the higher speed?

Then the fare gates close in time to stop that person and the next 3 or so people behind them get annoyed and go around.

zparky•3h ago
I'm currently on a japan train - using a suica card is essentially instantaneous. if the cards are declined for any reason the gates swing shut immediately, if that's what you're asking.
chgs•2h ago
I don’t see how that’s any different to the underground
walthamstow•2h ago
It's the complete opposite. Tokyo stations have open gates that swing shut on fail. London stations have closed gates that swing open on success.
astrange•1h ago
Also, Tokyo trains have air conditioning, whereas the Underground is so hot and stuffy I'm pretty sure I got brain damage from it.

Also^2, Japanese train stations have ads for B2B services, whereas almost every ad in London stations is for a musical. I'm not sure what this means.

(Also fondly remember the surprisingly numerous signs at Kings Cross about how you shouldn't assault any train employees, and how teenagers weren't allowed to buy matcha drinks because they have too much caffeine.)

chgs•1h ago
London surface trains have aircon, as do many underground lines.
kolinko•1h ago
as for the uk train stations, the temperatures are in part due to their age - London Underground was built in 1870s, and since that time rocks accumulated so much heat that it is extremely difficult to maintain human-friendly temperatures. Japan subway is 70 years younger, so it’s easier for them to maintain temps.

(And my hometown Warsaw subway is even younger - 50 years, and we don’t have AC whilst temperatures are at a perfect level).

What London underground might need is not AC, but a process to cool down rocks - importing coolness during winters. To maintain equilibrum you’d need to pump out around 1TWh heat every year. To bring it down to normal levels in say 20-30 years you’d need to pump out 2-5TWh a year.

BlueTemplar•37m ago
It's still a ventilation issue rather than directly an age issue : it's the equilibrium that matters at these timescales.
brigandish•1h ago
Japan's trains have aircon but often it's not cold enough, and at the parts of the year when the climate moves from hot to cold or cold to hot you might find yourself on a train with heating still on because the calendar date is still "winter" even though it's a hot and sunny day, while you sweat profusely and feel irritated about the seemingly widespread inherent inflexibility of the Japanese.

Osaka's Hankyu trains are full of ads for musicals (it owns the Takarazuka Revue), I think that all this shows is that London has a far more vibrant cultural scene, which is apparent at all levels of society. I'd rather see ads for musicals than the ads for male hair removal clinics.

chgs•1h ago
At busy times underground gates don’t close, until someone scans the wrong card (which leads to them walking into the barrier and then the person behind walking in, then the barrier opening from the person behinds card and general chaos)

And faster throughput would just increase that.

walthamstow•1h ago
I cycle most of the time to be fair but that doesn't tally at all with my recent experiences of peak Oxford Circus
0xCMP•1h ago
In japan it's optimized for speed thanks to the IC working so fast so you are only slowed down if something fails. It rarely fails (if you're not a tourist...) so you see people walking through them pretty quickly and I have seen people run into each other because they assumed the next person was gonna go through.
walthamstow•3h ago
Felica is virtually instant. Even faster than the original Oyster in London (which contactless card or phone is much slower than)
TheChaplain•3h ago
I love IC cards. They had them on all transport where I live, but a few years ago they changed to QR codes..

Now it's a fiddle with an app, then try to get the right angle on a smudgy reader. Getting onboard takes much longer and it feels like technology sent us 2 steps back instead of forward.

IC cards are better, and if they could be integrated in the phone then it would be even better and faster for everyone.

mschild•2h ago
Would printing out the QR code and putting it into your wallet work or is it a changing one?
lmz•2h ago
I think the most annoying part is the external QR reader (on faregates?). I've rarely had a good experience with those whether using a QR on paper or from a phone screen.
0xCMP•2h ago
iOS supports ICs fine. It has supported Suica since 2017 when I used it instead of the physical card.

Forcing use of an app and QR codes does seem like a significant step back, although I guess it makes paper tickets much easier to implement with the same scanner.

oivey•2h ago
At least in Japan, they all work from your phone already.
numpad0•1h ago
It's about fees and control. Whether it's EMV(Europay Mastercard Visa) or JR East, they take 3% commission on every single sales + realtime sales data for your competitors to abuse. So alternative choices gets occasionally chosen to replace them, I think often as bargaining chips and a backup plan.
eloisius•2h ago
I think they are even more useful in Taiwan. Every single transit system across the entire island that I’ve ever encountered accepts EasyCard (悠遊卡). Even ferries. So does every convenience store, and even a lot of proper restaurants and stores. They are also fast, like you don’t even have to break your strike while passing the turnstiles to enter the metro.
lhl•2h ago
I think it's about equal for utility - Japanese Suica/Pasmo cards are also usable in every single konbini, at all the stations stores, across most regional transportation and taxis, and at maybe half of Tokyo shops/restaurants (it's a default option in AirPay and other PoS systems). A lot of vending machines accept Suica, and I use it at grocery or drug stores. You can even use it at some other types of shops like Bic Camera, although for high ticket items you're going to hit the Suica balance limits... https://www.jreast.co.jp/multi/en/suicamoney/shop.html
bemmu•2h ago
I seem to have managed to live in the only place in Japan where you can’t use suica/pasmo for transport: Tokushima. Still works in convini though.
lhl•2h ago
This is a great writeup and reminded me of some others I've seen in the past. For those interested on the topic, I used Deep Research to generated a report on turnstile/ticketing systems compared to others like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, London, NYC). Also asked it to do research on a few of the other related things like device licensing and the recent NFC-F chip shortages: https://chatgpt.com/share/6828429c-b618-8012-82a3-b8b992ac83...
aspenmayer•1h ago
> This is a great writeup and reminded me of some others I've seen in the past.

Did you mean it reminded you of others you'd seen on HN or just generally?

I don't know enough about these technologies to speak to the authoritativeness or veracity of gpt output, but I appreciate the gesture.

lhl•32m ago
Well I've seen some other writeups like https://atadistance.net/2020/06/13/transit-gate-evolution-wh... that have also been referenced on HN. Discussions like https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38694411 and others that are probably easy to search for.

While some people have a reflexive dislike for AI output, I've done maybe a hundred o3 Deep Research queries now and found the reports to be generally high quality as well sourced as most human generated ones. I shared this one since I think it was a particularly interesting review the various systems around the world (I've personally used all those transit turnstiles personally and am generally familiar w/ RFID/NFC/EMV systems and didn't spot anything egregious).

(I find Deep Research reports to on average be high signal to noise than most of the human tokens being output on sites like HN for example.)

tkgally•2h ago
Long-time Japan resident here. The IC cards do work quickly and smoothly, but the retail payment system overall is a mess because different stores accept different combinations of dozens of electronic payment brands.

When shopping, I prefer to use the Suica app in my iPhone as it’s just a quick touch, but some stores won’t accept it so I have to use the Nanaco app—which requires a face recognition step—or pay in cash. I haven’t bothered to set up a QR code app yet. Twice, when I tried to install PayPay, the most common one, I got stuck on an authentication step and gave up.

Even shops within the same department store accept different combinations of payment systems. In my local Takashimaya, I can use Suica to buy food in the basement but not in the restaurants on the upper floors. Shops in the nearby Sogo Department Store do not accept Suica, only Nanaco, except for the Starbucks on the third floor, which does accept Suica.

Convenience stores seem to accept nearly everything, as you can guess from the number of logos on this sign:

https://news.mynavi.jp/article/osusumecredit-107/images/003l...

Some relatives are arriving in Japan next Tuesday for a three-week visit, and they asked me what they should do about credit cards, digital money, cash, etc. I realized that, despite living here, I barely understood the situation myself, so I had Gemini Deep Research prepare a report for them:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WY4AM0mJS94uwPMK8XjIQMLf...

Another point to add is that in the 1980s and 1990s big security problems emerged with the magnetic cards that were used widely then for transportation and telephone calls. Here is what Perplexity has to say about that:

https://www.perplexity.ai/search/i-want-some-information-in-...

I well remember the “open street markets in urban areas like Shibuya ... known for selling counterfeit cards.”

astrange•1h ago
> but the retail payment system overall is a mess because different stores accept different combinations of dozens of electronic payment brands.

This is a fun thing to keep in mind when people tell you Japan is a "homogenous society".

(It's not high-trust either.)

BlueTemplar•46m ago
(What do you mean ?)
NanoYohaneTSU•1h ago
No they aren't weird. It is a very simple system that doesn't try to destroy the customer.