Historically, I think state-led approaches have led to a kind of frozen-in-time futurism. It's a bit like how Japan is said to have been living in the year 2000 since 1980. The stuff that was futuristic during its rapid expansion became crystalized and entrenched in society. Now they're still using fax machines in 2025.

I suspect China will face a similar problem. The microcosm of QR codes not being replaced by NFC, for example.