Also preserves more semantic information!

MathML is part of HTML5 and standardised by ISO/IEC since 2015. It is supported by all major browsers and supports voicing as well as braille output.

This is the way to go.

Same here [1], I chose MathML as it worked out of the box in some browsers at the time. For browsers not supporting MathML I also have this ~80kB (~12kB compressed) library for converting it [2]. I tested your equation:

    \def\d{\mathrm{d}}
    
    \oint_C \vec{B}\circ \d\vec{l} = \mu_0
    \left(
      I_{\text{enc}} +
        \varepsilon_0
        \frac{\d}{\d t}
        \int_S {\vec{E} \circ \hat{n}}\; \d a
    \right)

It could not do the definition, so it ended up being:

    $$\oint_C \vec{B}\circ \mathrm{d}\vec{l} = \mu_0
    \left(
      I_{\text{enc}} +
        \varepsilon_0
        \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t}
        \int_S {\vec{E} \circ \hat{n}}\; \mathrm{d} a
    \right)$$

I did previously also load the LaTeX equation font, but I decided it used a lot of resource for little gain in the end.

I was also looking at your recent blog [3], and one thing that I like about mine is that the code you see is what is run to produce the output [4]. I am in the middle of making the code interactive too, so that you can re-compile it within the web page and run different parameters to produce different outputs.

[1] https://coffeespace.org.uk/projects/mathml-render.html

[2] https://github.com/pshihn/math-ml

[3] https://sathomas.me/blog/robuststats/

[4] https://coffeespace.org.uk/projects/wavefront-algorithm.html

In my experience the MathML support is still mediocre, especially on Chrome.

https://fred-wang.github.io/MathFonts/mozilla_mathml_test/

I still haven't found a way to coax MathML into looking the way I want it... Even using the same fonts (like Computer Modern or its descendants) there's still something not quite the same as LaTeX-drawn math. It's a nitpick but noticeable for me.

What does it mean that it preserves fonts? Presumably the body font on my website won't also support math typesetting, right? Or at least, not in a way that's as nice looking as the tex default?

The equation number is overlapped with the equation. Tested with Cromite, Firefox on Android.

[0]: https://postimg.cc/G8NHRT3w