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iCloud+ Hide My Email addresses will remain on icloud.com

https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=1ptvdtcm
342•K7PJP•7h ago•90 comments

Xiaomi: New CPU matches Apple cores single threaded, much faster multithreaded

https://twitter.com/lemire/status/2091894299289874926
794•tosh•14h ago•547 comments

MS Paint and Photos inivisibly watermark even locally generated output with GUID

https://xusheng.dev/posts/reversing/mspaint_invisible_watermark/main/
635•ComputerGuru•14h ago•255 comments

How Universities Should Prepare Founders

https://paulgraham.com/prepare.html
70•gmays•3h ago•63 comments

Nostr is an inclusive communication commons

https://nostr.org/
62•Bluestein•2d ago•14 comments

Headlong: A Microharness for Persistent Agents

https://www.laude.org/updates/headlong-a-microharness-for-persistent-agents
23•lbw1215•1h ago•7 comments

Moon (2024)

https://ciechanow.ski/moon/
137•simonebrunozzi•7h ago•22 comments

How Europe is killing makers and micro-entrepreneurs

https://lectronz.com/u/lectronz/articles/how-europe-is-killing-makers-and-micro-entrepreneurs
1169•l-one-lone•16h ago•690 comments

The entire city of San Francisco as a video game

https://sf.thijs.gg/
408•centrosphere•12h ago•131 comments

Ox-Alpha Is GLM?

https://dejan.ai/blog/ox-alpha/
48•jitbit•13h ago•24 comments

Bookshelf – Self-hosted eBook library that runs on object storage

https://github.com/murerkinn/bookshelf
68•arbayi•6h ago•26 comments

Where did all the public bathrooms go?

https://daily.jstor.org/where-did-all-the-public-bathrooms-go/
200•herbertl•12h ago•436 comments

Was modern art a CIA psy-op? (2020)

https://daily.jstor.org/was-modern-art-really-a-cia-psy-op/
48•neom•4h ago•54 comments

Show HN: I wrote a BASIC interpreter that boots on UEFI machines

https://tarjan.itch.io/thoreaubasic
29•Gorsefound•1d ago•7 comments

Jabber/XMPP: 25 Years of Digital Independence

https://gultsch.de/posts/25-years-of-digital-independence/
201•inputmice•13h ago•93 comments

What's new in Emacs 31.1

https://www.masteringemacs.org/article/whats-new-in-emacs-311
73•geospeck•16h ago•12 comments

Show HN: Screen memory without screenshots, just text to Markdown

https://github.com/dragthelake/ambient-context
6•Dramatize•1h ago•1 comments

Octopus intelligence may be related to never-before-seen mutation

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-are-some-octopuses-so-smart-the-answer-might-lie-in...
119•bookofjoe•11h ago•88 comments

Training AI to Paint with Code

https://surya.website/rling-qwen-to-paint-with-code
58•Tiberium•1d ago•5 comments

Vintage Artificial Intelligence: Before It Got Awkward

https://blog.archive.org/2026/08/16/vintage-artificial-intelligence-before-it-got-awkward/
75•signor_bosco•8h ago•17 comments

Crafting QR Codes: A deep dive into QR code art (2024)

https://kylezhe.ng/writes/crafting-qr-codes
38•subset•15h ago•0 comments

Show HN: A Modern GUI Library for Ada: CSS Styling, XML UI, SDL3

https://github.com/ovenpasta/adi2
36•ovenpasta•13h ago•15 comments

SiFive's First Server Platform

https://chipsandcheese.com/p/sifives-first-server-platform
7•geerlingguy•2h ago•1 comments

Peppermint oil reduces blood pressure by 8.48 mmHg in small study

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0344538
119•brandonb•14h ago•69 comments

LLMs could control their host machines by exploiting inference engines

https://boydkane.com/essays/llms-could-control-their-host-machines-by-exploiting-inference-engines
116•zdw•10h ago•58 comments

Thomson Reuters Launches Its Own Frontier Model

https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2026/august/thomson-reuters-leverages-its-world-...
64•giuliomagnifico•3h ago•22 comments

SeL4 security proofs now complete on AArch64

https://proofcraft.systems/news-2026/#2026-08-21
177•snvzz•18h ago•39 comments

One corner of China’s internet is insisting that the Tang Dynasty never existed

https://www.cnn.com/2026/08/19/style/china-tang-dynasty-never-existed-hoax-intl-hnk
154•related•8h ago•132 comments

Autostep (YC P26) Is Hiring AI/Fullstack Engineers and a Chief of Staff

https://app.dover.com/Autostep/careers/e9510e3b-a854-4e48-9e5d-c89796acaed4
1•adawg4•11h ago

Oceans hit highest temperature on record

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62m4gpnp78o
472•tcp_handshaker•10h ago•384 comments
Open in hackernews

Falsify: Hypothesis-Inspired Shrinking for Haskell (2023)

https://www.well-typed.com/blog/2023/04/falsify/
90•birdculture•1y ago

Comments

sshine•1y ago
How does Hedgehog and Hypothesis differ in their shrinking strategies?

The article uses the words "integrated" vs. "internal" shrinking.

> the raison d’être of internal shrinking: it doesn’t matter that we cannot shrink the two generators independently, because we are not shrinking generators! Instead, we just shrink the samples that feed into those generators.

Besides that it seems like falsify has many of the same features like choice of ranges and distributions.

_jackdk_•1y ago
This is the key sentence:

> The key insight of the Hypothesis library is that instead of shrinking generated values, we instead shrink the samples produced by the PRNG.

Hedgehog loses shrink information when you do a monadic bind (Gen a -> (a -> Gen b) -> Gen b). Hypothesis parses values out of the stream of data generated by the PRNG, so when it "binds", you are still just consuming off that stream of random numbers, and you can shrink the stream to shrink the generated values.

Here is a talk that applies the Hypothesis idea to test C++: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6joICx1XMY . Discussion of PBT implementation approaches begins at 6:30.

thesz•1y ago
This is fascinating!

If I understand correctly, they approximate language of inputs of a function to discover minimal (in some sense, like "shortest description length") inputs that violate relations between inputs and outputs of a function under scrutiny.

evertedsphere•1y ago

    newtype Parser a = Parser ([Word] -> (a, [Word])
missing a paren here
moomin•1y ago
I’m honestly completely failing to understand the basic idea here. What does this look like for generating and shrinking random strings,
chriswarbo•1y ago
One straightforward approach would be:

- Generate a random number N for the size (maybe restricted to some Range)

- Generate N `Char` values, by using a random number for each code point.

- Combine those Chars into a string

falsify runs a generator by applying it to an infinite binary tree, with random numbers in the nodes. A generator can either consume a single number (taken from the root node of a tree), or it can run two other generators (one gets run on the left child, the other gets run on the right). Hence the above generator would use the value in the left child as N, then run the "generate N Chars" generator on the right child. The latter generator would run a Char generator on its left child, and an 'N-1 Chars' generator on its right child; and so on.

To shrink, we just run the generator on a tree with smaller numbers. In this case, a smaller number in the left child will cause fewer Chars to be generated; and smaller numbers in the right tree will cause lower code-points to be generated. falsify's tree representation also has a special case for the smallest tree (which returns 0 for its root, and itself for each child).

mjw1007•1y ago
I've found in practice that shrinking to get the "smallest amount of detail" is often unhelpful.

Suppose I have a function which takes four string parameters, and I have a bug which means it crashes if the third is empty.

I'd rather see this in the failure report:

("ldiuhuh!skdfh", "nd#lkgjdflkgdfg", "", "dc9ofugdl ifugidlugfoidufog")

than this:

("", "", "", "")

gwern•1y ago
Really? Your examples seem the opposite. I am left immediately thinking, "hm, is it failing on a '!', some sort of shell issue? Or is it truncating the string on '#', maybe? Or wait, there's a space in the third one, that looks pretty dangerous, as well as noticeably longer so there could be a length issue..." As opposed to the shrunk version where I immediately think, "uh oh: one of them is not handling an empty input correctly." Also, way easier to read, copy-paste, and type.
dullcrisp•1y ago
Their point is that in the unshrunk example the “special” value stands out.

I guess if we were even more clever we could get to something more like (…, …, "", …).

gwern•1y ago
The special value doesn't stand out, though. All three examples I gave were what I thought skimming his comment before my brain caught up to his caveat about an empty third argument. The empty string looked like it was by far the most harmless part... Whereas if they are all empty strings, then by definition the empty string stands out as the most suspicious possible part.
tybug•1y ago
shae•1y ago
I care about the edge between "this value fails, one value over succeeds". I wish shrinking were fast enough to tell me if there are multiple edges between those values.
The Hypothesis explain phase [1][2] does this!

  fails_on_empty_third_arg(
      a = "",  # or any other generated value
      b = "",  # or any other generated value
      c = "",  
      d = "",  # or any other generated value
  )
[1] https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/api.ht...

[2] https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis/pull/3555

chriswarbo•1y ago
> As opposed to the shrunk version where I immediately think, "uh oh: one of them is not handling an empty input correctly."

I agree that non-empty strings are worse, but unfortunately `("", "", "", "")` wouldn't only make me think of empty strings; e.g. I'd wonder whether duplicate/equal values are the problem.

chriswarbo•1y ago
> I'd rather see this in the failure report:

> ("ldiuhuh!skdfh", "nd#lkgjdflkgdfg", "", "dc9ofugdl ifugidlugfoidufog")

I would prefer LazySmallcheck's result, which would be the following:

    (_, _, "", _)
Where `_` indicates that part of the input wasn't evaluated.
yorwba•1y ago
A minimal reproducing example cannot guarantee that you'll correctly diagnose a bug just by looking at the example (because multiple potential bugs could cause the same example to fail) but it can guarantee that when you step through the code to understand what's happening, you won't have to deal with huge amounts of irrelevant data.

Maybe an alternative shrinking procedure could directly minimize the number of instructions that need to be executed to hit a failure...

edsko•1y ago
(Author of falsify here.) You are absolutely correct that the empty string isn't always the best counter-example. The goal of shrinking is to shrink to the _simplest_ possible value (this is true for all approaches to shrinking). What constitutes "simple" is very much domain specific. It would certainly be possible to write a generator that would shrink to, say, "foo", as the canonical "simplest" example of a simple string. Indeed, since we are working in a lazy language, you could (with a bit of effort) shrink to `undefined` if the other arguments are not used at all.
mjw1007•1y ago
I agree it can be domain-specific, but I think it's more common than not that empty containers, and the number zero, are corner cases rather than typical values.

So I think it would be a decent quality-of-life improvement to make generators of the sort you suggest easily available, and have the tutorial docs use them from the start.