This [1] press release from the Southern Environmental Law Center hints to a possible reason - they may be migrating from small to bigger turbines:
> Aerial images obtained by SELC revealed 35 turbines at the site in March (...) while the company has removed some smaller-sized turbines, it has recently installed three larger turbines
[1] https://www.selc.org/press-release/elon-musks-xai-threatened...
They're big, by the standard of a domestic source such as a car, but they're not what I'd call "massive" in an economic dominance sense. About the size of a large shipping container, give or take, eyeballing from other photos that tell me which objects the turbines even are: https://www.capacitymedia.com/article/musks-xai-data-centre-...
The other threads on this topic (powering AI hyperscalers) are usually about nuclear fission, which most of the large players are investing in. Those power plants often take 10+ years to build. One could imagine small reactor modules akin to these 16 MW shipping containers, built in factories and shipped on demand like these, to be assembled into a full power plant in weeks. If someone were to get that business model working, they'd dominate the industry. (Just how big of a premium did xAI pay their vendor, to have all this shipped halfway around the world on a priority schedule?)
Source please? I'm not aware of this
Tesla: https://www.wsj.com/business/autos/elon-musk-tesla-environme...
Of course XAI is this article we’re all commenting on but here’s an older one: https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/06/elon-musk-xai-memph...
That's the article you linked?
I mean 400 MW is tiling a 4km square with cheap PV, even after accounting for capacity factor. And 400 MW is also what you get from 1052 Tesla Model 3's at max acceleration, according to their website (though obviously draining a 74kWh battery at 510hp empties it rather a lot faster than "overnight"), and ICEs are also tiny power plants so you get the same power out from order-of-magnitude same number of those.
In fact, this is why I'm putting the money I can set aside for investments, into China rather than the USA: they're speed-running cheap PV and batteries, which are cheaper than most everything else right now.
He's done this with SpaceX many times over, bullying the FAA and the local council in Texas. He's done this with Tesla again and again with crash data and even selling products that don't exist to consumers. He's going to keep doing it until there are actual consequences because it's hard to say it's not a good business decision if you never actually have to pay for the issues you cause.
When the EPA or county eventually fines xAI for running unpermitted turbines for a year, it'll be what - a few hundred thousand? Maybe low millions if they're feeling particularly spicy? For a company chasing the AI gold rush with Musk's billions behind it, that's not a penalty - it's a rounding error. It's cheaper to violate now and pay later than to wait for permits while competitors build capacity.
And unfortunately, this isn't a bug in the regulatory system - it's the feature. When fines are pocket change relative to potential profits, "ask forgiveness not permission" becomes optimal strategy. The only things that actually change behavior are existential threats (criminal charges, shutdown orders) or catastrophic reputational damage - and Musk has proven immune to both.
Until penalties scale with company valuations or include mandatory shutdowns, this playbook will keep printing money. Memphis residents get respiratory disease, xAI gets compute capacity, and regulators get a check that wouldn't cover a week of Musk's jet fuel.
Musk has, very rightly, realized that the punishment track is subject to far more political and public scrutiny than the approval track and that if you are doing things that people want like building cars and sending rockets into space the scrutiny will prevent them from doing anything to financially cripple your operation.
Ironically, this is playbook that's common at the complete opposite end of the economic activity spectrum where there literally isn't the money to comply. People run unlicensed businesses, do un-permitted work, violate minor regulations, etc, etc, all the time. And by the time anyone figures it out, if anyone ever figures it out, it's too late.
> Why is the datacenter not running? I paid $10bn for this. > We had some downtime for power reasons > Why aren't we running backup generators? > We are, but there's a limit to how many we're allowed to run > F** that, get some more generators, I'll talk to the president and get it approved.
This would fit with pretty much everything I've seen publicly from him, interviews etc.
https://www.selc.org/news/resistance-against-elon-musks-xai-...
https://www.selc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Untitled-des...
Consolidating down lots of small generators to bigger ones might the idea here?
I expect they are muffled. They are not jet engines.
Its about exerting power by willfully defying law. "Catch me if you financially can."
They are allowed to run N turbines.. but have N+B turbines on the property.
They.. aren't breaking their permit. The article never says they are, it just sets things up for you to have that belief.
It looks like they are swapping turbines, thus the extras. They may also be hoping to get more approved.
These may also be properly emission reducing. The article never says they aren't - it only includes quotes from people saying they don't think they are with no evidence.
The news doesn't lie, but it gets as close as it can.
Having isn't running.
https://www.google.com/maps/search/xai+colossus
The end goal is 2,000 megawatts for this datacenter, so multiply that by five again.
This CEO founded a solar power company, and a battery-storage company as well—I'm very certain he considered the all-solar option carefully, and rejected it for actual technical reasons; not vibes.
Who said it needed to be "all solar". Obvious anyone with a brain would have noticed it is dark at night and there would be no power production so "all solar" is litterally impossible.
dotancohen•7mo ago
I'm no Elon fan, but I can not think of a single human who has done more to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This is not reporting. This is a hit piece.
DamonHD•7mo ago
(I am a 'rich' white western man, FWIW.)
rbanffy•7mo ago
Would something like Flint have happened in Scarsdale or Los Altos? Of course not.
dotancohen•7mo ago
Or would it be fine if xAI were polluting a poor white neighbourhood?
DamonHD•7mo ago
But it is not coincidence: there is a lot of systematic racism (and other discrimination) in the world and in the US on top of that, that keeps not-white (and not 'Christian', not het, not male, not English-speaking) people not rich. The variables are not independent.
Skin colour is prominent in treating some humans as less than human.
dotancohen•7mo ago
richrichardsson•7mo ago
I'm struggling to see how it's a single human that is responsible when they just invested in companies?
dotancohen•7mo ago
sReinwald•7mo ago
If this were actually a hit piece on Musk, wouldn't his name be in the headline? Instead, it's mentioned once in paragraph four as standard journalistic context - exactly how articles about AWS mention Bezos. And yes, the affected neighborhoods are predominantly Black - that's a factual demographic statement about who bears the health burden, not "playing the race card." Environmental justice reporting routinely documents how industrial pollution disproportionately impacts minority communities.
Your logic seems to be: "Musk has done good things for the environment globally, therefore local reporting about his company's regulatory violations must be a hit piece." That's a non sequitur. Both can be true - Tesla can advance EV adoption while xAI can violate air quality regulations in Memphis. One doesn't negate the other.
The real tell here is that you're more upset about accurate reporting than about a tech company potentially exposing already-vulnerable communities to additional pollution without proper permits. Your priorities seem to be incredibly misplaced, if you ask me.
How's your Tesla Model 3 doing, by the way? Not that I'd want to imply your choice of transportation has anything to do with your incredibly unfavorable interpretation of this article and defense of Musk. But I have to wonder if your perspective would be different if this facility was in your neighborhood rather than South Memphis, or if you drove a Hyundai.
PhilipRoman•7mo ago
sReinwald•7mo ago
You're absolutely right that most hazards affect poor communities more. That's not a coincidence - it's the predictable result of power dynamics in zoning and enforcement decisions.
Your comment reads a bit like "water is wet, why mention it?" But most people living in clean-air zip codes have no idea their comfort of living depends on someone else's respiratory disease. They assume industrial siting is purely based on logistics or economics, not on which communities lack the political capital to fight back.
The whole point is that zoning decisions, permit enforcement, and industrial siting aren't random acts of nature. Rich neighborhoods get golf courses and poor neighborhoods get data centers with unpermitted turbines. That's not gravity - it's policy. Documenting these patterns isn't stating the obvious, it's the first step toward accountability. Because "that's just how things are" is exactly what those benefiting from the status quo want everyone to believe.
dotancohen•7mo ago
sReinwald•7mo ago
You're pretending "race" and "politics" are separate categories, as if centuries of explicitly racial policy - slavery, Jim Crow, redlining, voter suppression - somehow exists outside of politics.
Black Memphis residents were systematically excluded from voting until the 1960s. Redlining prevented Black families from building wealth through homeownership. When your grandparents couldn't vote, buy homes in certain areas, or sit on zoning boards, that directly determines whether your neighborhood gets parks or pollution today.
Sometimes it helps to put concepts into a different context to understand them better, so maybe this analogy helps: When I point out that Palestinians in the West Bank can't effectively oppose settlement expansion because they're systematically excluded from political power, I'm not claiming Palestinians are racially inferior because they're "incapable of manipulating power dynamics" in their favor. I'm pointing out how systematic disenfranchisement creates predictable and unjust outcomes. And even if those barriers vanished tomorrow, Palestinians would still live with the accumulated consequences for generations.
Same principle in Memphis. Noting that unpermitted pollution affects 90% Black neighborhoods isn't claiming racial inferiority - it's documenting the predictable result of decades of deliberate exclusion from political power.
If you genuinely can't grasp how racially motivated systematic political disenfranchisement creates racial disparities, start with basic history.
dotancohen•7mo ago
Palestinians in the West Bank can not oppose Israeli settlement expansion for the same reasons that white New Yorkers can not oppose Indian reservations from building houses. The Palestinians have their lands on which they build their settlements (areas A and B) and the Israelis build their settlements in area C - as agreed in the mutual agreements signed in the 1990s. Note that some Palestinians also live in Israeli settlements, while no Israelis are permitted to live in the Palestinian settlements - Israelis can not even drive into area A under threat of both law and lynch. Note also that Israel's population is 20% Palestinian, and those citizens enjoy all benefits of law, court, and society as do so other Christian, Jewish, and Druze citizens of Israel.
sReinwald•7mo ago
Oh, I'm delighted too. Because you actually went there and completely let the mask slip. And with such spectacular historical revisionism, you've accidentally proven my entire point about systematic disenfranchisement. Thanks.
Your "white New Yorkers can't oppose Indian reservations" analogy is so ass-backwards it belongs in a museum of colonial apologetics. Palestinians aren't the white New Yorkers here - they're the Native Americans watching settlers build on their ancestral land while being told it's a "mutual agreement." You've literally inverted colonizer and colonized to paint the occupying power as the victim. That's not just wrong; it's a perverse inversion of reality that would make Orwell weep.
But let's dissect your Oslo fiction: Area C comprises 60% of the West Bank, where Palestinians need permits (denied 98% of the time) to build homes, dig wells, or install solar panels on their own land. Meanwhile, Israeli settlements - illegal under international law - expand freely with full state infrastructure. Between 2009-2018, Israel approved 98 out of 4,422 Palestinian permit applications. That's a 2.2% approval rate. For comparison, Harvard's acceptance rate is 3.4%. It's literally easier to get into Harvard than to get permission to build a chicken coop in your own backyard if you're Palestinian. Calling this "mutual agreement" is like calling the Trail of Tears a "voluntary relocation program."
You conveniently omit that Israel controls all borders, airspace, water aquifers, electromagnetic spectrum, population registry, and movement between areas. Palestinians in Area A can't leave without Israeli permission, can't import basic goods without Israeli approval, and can't even collect rainwater without Israeli permits. The average Palestinian gets 73 liters of water per day - below the WHO's 100-liter minimum for basic dignity - while Israeli settlers luxuriate with 300 liters, filling their swimming pools while Palestinian children develop kidney problems from chronic dehydration. That's not autonomy - it's the world's most sophisticated open-air prison. But please, clutch your pearls harder about how you're oppressed because you can't vacation in Ramallah.
Your "20% Palestinian citizens with full rights" talking point? The Nation-State Law explicitly defines Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people alone - apartheid codified in your Basic Law. The Admissions Committees Law lets 434 communities (43% of all Israeli towns) reject residents for "cultural incompatibility." Palestinian students get $8,400 per year while Jewish students get $12,000. Arab citizens own less than 4% of land despite being 20% of the population. There are ZERO Arab communities among Israel's 135 wealthiest localities. But sure, tell me more about those "equal benefits" while Bedouin villages that predate your state get demolished for the 200th time for lacking permits that are impossible to obtain.
The beautiful part is you've perfectly demonstrated my Memphis point. When I used Palestine as an example of how systematic exclusion from political power creates predictable disparities, you couldn't resist defending apartheid. You literally saw "systematic disenfranchisement" and thought "I should explain why that's actually good, actually."
So thank you, genuinely, for proving that whether it's Black families in South Memphis breathing carcinogens or Palestinian families in South Hebron rationing water, there will always be someone like you - comfortable, privileged, and utterly convinced that the boot on someone else's neck is there for their own good.
dotancohen•7mo ago
And yes, you are implying that somehow the car I drive is influencing my defence of Musk. If you had spent a bit more time examining my post history, you would have discovered that I am a huge SpaceX fan. That would have been at least a plausible argument in favour of your position. But alas, neither does that really affect how I view the article or Musk.
sReinwald•7mo ago
Of course I was. The sarcasm wasn't exactly subtle.
> But alas, neither does that really affect how I view the article or Musk.
The fact that you believe this while simultaneously demonstrating the opposite is genuinely fascinating.
You opened with "I'm no Elon fan" and then revealed you bought one of the first Teslas in your country and are a "huge SpaceX fan." That's like a Yankees season ticket holder insisting their fandom doesn't affect how they judge controversial umpire calls.
Here's what I think happened: You've spent 3.5 years and 110,000 km in that Model 3, feeling like you're part of something transformative - saving the planet, advancing humanity to Mars, whatever narrative helps justify the premium you acknowledge overpaying. When criticism emerges about Musk's companies, it doesn't just challenge a corporation - it threatens the story you tell yourself about your choices.
The overpayment actually worsens this. You can't even tell yourself, "It was just a practical decision." Instead, you've had to construct meaning around that premium - that you're supporting something bigger, something important. The sunk cost isn't just financial; it's emotional and ideological.
So when an article documents xAI operating turbines without permits in already-polluted neighborhoods, you can't engage with those facts directly. Instead, you immediately pivot to Musk's environmental legacy, as if Tesla's global impact creates some cosmic pollution credit karma system where South Memphis residents should accept respiratory disease as acceptable collateral damage for you feeling great about your reduced carbon footprint.
The most telling part? You attacked the article for mentioning two basic facts that appear in literally every single environmental justice story: who owns the company (standard disclosure) and which communities are affected (relevant demographics). You called factual reporting a "hit piece" not because it was inaccurate, but because it made the guy who bought the companies that make the car you drive and the rockets you like to see go 'whoosh' look bad.
You claim the article is biased while demonstrating textbook motivated reasoning. You weren't reading critically - you were reading defensively, scanning for any angle to discredit reporting that challenges your worldview. The "race card" accusation was particularly desperate, as if noting which communities bear pollution burdens is somehow more offensive than the pollution itself.
The real tragedy here is that you could simply say, "Tesla's environmental benefits are real AND xAI should follow permit requirements." Both can be true! But that would require acknowledging that Musk's companies can do wrong, which apparently conflicts too strongly with whatever identity you've constructed around owning a Tesla and being a "huge fan" of SpaceX.
Also, it's pretty interesting that you felt compelled to respond to the little jab about owning a Tesla but chose not to engage with any of my factual criticism. Because that's the tiny part of my comment that threatened the identity you've built up. I'd encourage you to examine that.
You claim decades of carbon advocacy, yet your first instinct was to attack accurate reporting about unpermitted emissions. What exactly is your advocacy worth when you'll throw vulnerable communities under the bus the moment it conflicts with your parasocial relationship with a billionaire (or his companies)?
The saddest part? I genuinely believe you think you're being objective here.
Happy to hear the Model 3 is treating you well, though.
dotancohen•7mo ago
NilMostChill•7mo ago
We could use some of that clean energy he's facilitated to extract a small amount of gold from seawater.
Enough to fashion a gold medal we could then award you for first place in olympic level mental gymnastics.
curt15•7mo ago
Does it? What are the demographics near those turbines?
rbanffy•7mo ago
curt15•7mo ago
>that the xAI air pollution disproportionately affects black neighbourhoods.
So is it true or not? If it true, the outcome is not equitable whether you call it racism or (probably more accurately) classism. It's part of the pernicious pattern among powerful companies of privatizing profits while socialising costs.