I have never come across the "where" example.
The article misses out on many common usages, and cites some rather unremarkable ones.
[1] https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/prepone
The best I could devise is "progesternate" (via "gestern").
Its a morphed version of the name of an Indian deity – Jagannath.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juggernaut:
> A juggernaut, in current English usage, is a literal or metaphorical force regarded as merciless, destructive, and unstoppable. > This English usage originates in the mid-nineteenth century. Juggernaut is the early rendering in English of Jagannath, an important deity in the Hindu traditions of eastern and north-eastern India. The meaning originates from the Hindu temple cars, which are chariots, often huge, used in processions or religious parades for Jagannath and other deities, the largest of which, once set into motion, are difficult to stop, steer or control by humans, on account of their massive weight.
The British Army uses a bazillion Indian words.
Khaki for pale tan. I think it means dust in Urdu?
Basha for your shelter of a tarpaulin usually suspended from a bush by...
Bungees - stretchy rubber ropes with hooks at the end.
Pukka - proper, the real deal. (Although nowadays good kit is referred to as Gucci)
Dumdums - bullets cut at the tip so they break up on impact. Named after the arms factory at Dumdum.
Dumdums: I thought it was more filing the tip down. Causes tumbling, which then causes breakup. Nitpick, maybe I'm mistaken.
Bungalow - a house in the Bengal style.
Lingual purists may find it irritating, but I love such mix-ups!
I don't imagine this is a uniquely Indian phenomenon – other non-native English speakers would be doing the same.
- He does be eating his breakfast
- She does be out walking the dog
It's the continuous/habitual form of to be, so the implication is that she does be walking the dog everyday, or regularly. He does be eating his breakfast everyday.
The interesting thing is that you'll meet Irish people who were never fluent in Irish - learned it in school, sure, but never spoke it daily - who still use this conjugation when speaking English.
yes, the aave usage does potentially be having its origins in he
That said I think there are "levels" to so called "mental translation" -- I don't think I consciously mentally translate anything at all, but I guess sometimes the neural pathways or whatever are kinda repurposed/re-used even if there are some differences between languages.
Let's call the two people involved Bob and Raj. Bob was working in the US and Raj was based in India. Bob emailed the team, addressing Raj, and said one of the attachments in a service needed to be deleted (I don't even remember why anymore).
Raj replied something along the lines of: "Yes, fine with me! Please delete and revert back."
Bob immediately replied, "Once the attachment is deleted, it's gone! It can't be reverted. Please confirm if you really want me to delete it."
It took a bit of back-and-forth before everyone was on the same page. What Raj had actually meant was simply, "Please delete it and get back to me."
One of the most annoying things about Duolingo is that they haven’t spared a week of an intern’s time to come up with a way of substituting the British/Indian/Irish/Austrailian/New Zealand/South African… word for the American English word. OK there’s a lot of slang out there and you could really go down a rabbit hole but when the usage is well documented in e.g. Collins-Robert there’s no excuse really.
For Indian English, one of my favorites was “Do the needful”, meaning “Do what’s necessary”. Just thinking it reminds me of my friends and colleagues overseas.
"Lakh" => 100K
"Crore" => 100Lakhs
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_English#Numbering_syste...
Its a combo of "Press" and "Prostitute" and it aptly describes some journalists and media people who clearly take sides and have sold their souls.
a bit of a sensitive question, but I've noticed my indian colleagues (PhDs) have a much more limited vocabulary compared to American colleagues. To the point where slightly archaic word or literary words are completely unusable in conversation.
I have to consciously "talk simple"
However, as I understand, higher education is all conducted in English... so it feels like there shouldn't be as large of a gap as there is?
Is English language literature not widely read in school? Are people mostly reading in their local languages?
It's a bit similar to English in Malaysia/Singapore - but there I assume schooling is done in large part in Chinese/Malay and maybe people don't read as much in English
These days in my generation (Gen-Z) more youth watch movies and television series in English. Yet I find many of my more urbanized peers roll their eyes when I use a figure of speech i.e a metaphor.
In contrast, I picked up my language from technical books, blogs and documentation - and they sometimes find my choices of wording rather rude and insensitive.
I think I had to be more conscious about picking up the language because I did my early schooling in local language, and picked up reading English books on my own. For them it was natural in an urban environment. However, the urban english is "just enough" to get by. Since it is the "bureacratic" language (Indian schools too are as bureacratic as it can get), they had to be polite and standardized.
> However, as I understand, higher education is all conducted in English...
That english is way more limited, and higher education is way more mechanical than you folks have in the west.
> Is English language literature not widely read in school?
It depends on the quality of the education. I had the lower tier schooling (government-funded and similar). The English included is just rote-learned rather than understood - in high school we were expected to produce approximately same sentences as given in the textbooks, and any creativity in answers might lose grades!
There are better boards (school systems) like CBSE and ICSE, which are expensive and higher level. I have a few friends from ICSE who have much wider vocabulary than me. In the next generation, you will see Indians with better language skills, since most elite Indians now flock to these schooling systems.
rob74•8h ago
yaseer•8h ago
gulabjamuns•7h ago
Only we understand what the sentence means :)
"Only I'll do it tomorrow". "He only wanted milk."
signal11•7h ago
गाय वह चऱायेगा, वह गाय चऱायेगा, चऱायेगा वह गाय all mean “he will take the cow out to graze” irrespective of word order, but of course there can be subtle shifts in meaning. (Apologies for any typos / potentially bad translation). Eg चऱायेगा वह गाय could be “he WILL graze the cow” if vocal stress is applied to चऱायेगा.
A lot of “Indian English” traits make more sense if one understands a few Indic languages. Southern Indic languages have their own super interesting traits as well, eg Tamil speakers often insert “simply” into sentences, this reflects usage in Tamil.
never_inline•7h ago
sevensor•3h ago
never_inline•32m ago
signal11•7h ago
A more idiomatic translation might be “please get this done”; the “needful” phrase might also be a signal that the writer isn’t that familiar with idioms used in other English-speaking countries.
Hobson-Jobson[1] had a great early compilation of some phrases that arose in the subcontinent— many are still in use.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobson-Jobson
PS. there’s some evidence from Google Books[2] that “do the needful” might be an old English legal term as well. More research is definitely required. The bigger point is, the phrase’s popularity in India may be because it mirrors a Sanskrit-derived word often still used in Indian legal contexts.
[2] A Glossary of Words and Phrases Usually Regarded as Peculiar to the United States, 1860
https://books.google.com/books?id=VXdIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA428&dq=%...
ksynwa•7h ago
signal11•7h ago
Here’s the term in gov.in: https://www.google.com/search?q=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%...
Of course the Indian government loves “do the needful” as well: https://www.google.com/search?q=%22do+the+needful%22+site%3A...
But there’s evidence that “do the needful” might be an old English legal term as well. I’ve updated the parent comment. Further research is definitely required.
[1] https://sanskritabhyas.in/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%...
wahern•6h ago
Huh. Using Google Books I found "do the needful" as far back as the 17th century. The 17th century hit and 19th century hits were almost all in the context of Mercantile Law, but the several 18th century hits weren't in a legal context, though perhaps the authors were importing legal terminology.
The Mercantile Law usage makes me wonder if the phrase nonetheless found its origin in India, given the centuries-long commercial and legal ties between Britain and India. OTOH, it's a rather natural turn of phrase in English. I'm surprised it isn't more common, though our (American) modern, over-sexed, adolescent culture gives rise to distracting connotations.
akkad33•6h ago
rockyj•7h ago