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Multics

https://www.multicians.org/multics.html
102•unleaded•10h ago

Comments

dmitrygr•9h ago
The “ Recent Changes” part of the site is depressing

Recent Changes 08/03 Multicians: Jim Bush died in July 2025.

07/14 Multicians: Norm Barnecut died Dec 09, 2023.

05/24 Multicians: Nate Adleman died Sept 19, 2022.

05/15 Simulator: Release 3.1.0 of the DPS8M simulator was released.

05/12 Multicians: Richard Gardner died in 2025.

05/05 Multicians: Art Bushkin died in Feb 2024.

mysh•8h ago
You can see exactly how many people have died on their log page: https://www.multicians.org/changes-old.html

At this moment in time, 125.

BXLE_1-1-BitIs1•8h ago
20- & 30- somethings in the 80s are now mostly past retirement age. Actuarial attrition is a fact.
freetime2•7h ago
I went and looked up my former CS professor who I knew had worked on Multics. And unfortunately learned that he had passed away a few years ago.
CSP_Jobs•8h ago
Always fun to see Multics pop up; the influence it had on computing is pretty impressive and its influence lives on in many projects. As just one personally relevant example, the SCOMP mentioned in the glossary [0] and described in more detail on the history page under 5.4.1 [1] became the STOP operating system which is still in active development and is what I still work on today. (Technically, the SCOMP was the whole machine, and STOP "SCOMP Trusted Operating Program" was its operating system). Up until pretty recently, we still had a Multician working on STOP, and have a guy from the Honewell days still plugging away on it.

[0]https://www.multicians.org/mgs.html#SCOMP [1]https://www.multicians.org/history.html

dillona•7h ago
This operating system sounds very interesting! How active is the development? I would imagine it's the type of thing that eventually gets "complete"
CSP_Jobs•7h ago
I've been gainfully employed for well over a decade working on it and it's been around in one form or another for over 40 years. We're constantly improving performance and capabilities, adding support for more hardware, supporting the specific needs of our customers etc... Just like any modern operating system, it's never really "complete". STOP is a "security from the ground up" OS, where security isn't just a first-order priority, it's the entire point, typically used in/as multilevel security solutions.
rbanffy•6h ago
Are there any documents we can use to learn more about it? What does it look like to the user? Is it intended to be embedded?
CSP_Jobs•6h ago
There's a link in my profile to the company products page for my group, which includes a link to the STOP OS page. There used to be additional documents you could download from those pages, but it looks like they're not working any more.

The short version is that it implements three different MAC (mandatory access control) policies (RBAC, Bell-LaPadula, Biba) and the standard *nix DAC policies. It's designed for safely handling/moving data on/between multiple classification levels. (See the SCOMP section in [0] for history). From a user perspective, it's very similar to Linux, with a largely Linux-like ABI and similar user interfaces, including a full X/xfce GUI environment if you want, though most actual deployments tend to run headless with only required software loaded. It runs on both small embedded boards and large enterprise servers and a bunch in between.

[0] https://multicians.org/b2.html

GlenTheMachine•8h ago
My Operating Systems class as an undergrad used a book written by the Multics guys.

I hated it. It would present a bunch of apparently incompatible techniques for e.g. job scheduling, and then say that Multics implemented all of them. I immediately understood why UNIX came about: the Multics designers appeared incapable of having opinions, which led to an OS that was bloated and hard to understand.

That class was a long time ago, and I was a young, arrogant, and uninformed programmer, and maybe that take was wrong. But it left a strong impression at the time, and it was one of the few books from my undergrad days that I sold back instead of keeping.

tovej•8h ago
Thanks! This is a really useful source for computer science history, I was just thinking to myself that I keep reading UNIX history, but that I know very little about Multics. Looks like I can keep my evening busy for quite some time with this one.
pjmlp•7h ago
Quite interesting are the collection of myths,

https://www.multicians.org/myths.html

And naturally, B2 Security Evaluation,

https://multicians.org/b2.html

leoc•7h ago
It's also the home of the Three Questions (about each bug you find): https://www.multicians.org/thvv/threeq.html
dismas•7h ago
The Data Security page is very interesting as well: https://multicians.org/multics-data-security.html

AIM and MAC seem like a very interesting system for enforcing security guarantees, and they partially solved the malicious dependencies problem as well.

unleaded•7h ago
my personal favourite page: https://www.multicians.org/memorabilia.html
dang•7h ago
Related:

Unix and Multics (2019) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40315724 - May 2024 (76 comments)

Unix and Multics History - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40065928 - April 2024 (3 comments)

Multics and AS400:DPS8M on IBM PASE for I (OS/400) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39308420 - Feb 2024 (4 comments)

Multics Simulator - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37304367 - Aug 2023 (15 comments)

So! You want to use Multics? (1979) [pdf] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33366716 - Oct 2022 (5 comments)

Wordmul: Wordle for Multics - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31636949 - June 2022 (3 comments)

Nobody learned the most important lesson from Multics vs. Unix - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29783423 - Jan 2022 (1 comment)

Multics MR12.7 released - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28006036 - July 2021 (25 comments)

Multics Public Access - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27128765 - May 2021 (33 comments)

Ban.ai Public Access Multics - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25611468 - Jan 2021 (6 comments)

Multics Simulator - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22994027 - April 2020 (20 comments)

Multics: An Ancestor of Unix - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21892923 - Dec 2019 (33 comments)

Multics Intro Course (1978) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18715014 - Dec 2018 (9 comments)

Thirty Years Later: Lessons from the Multics Security Evaluation (2002) [pdf] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16956386 - April 2018 (3 comments)

Public Access Multics - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16875552 - April 2018 (3 comments)

48-Year-Old Multics operating system resurrected - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14728441 - July 2017 (9 comments)

Multics Execution Environment (2014) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10364234 - Oct 2015 (1 comment)

Introduction to Multics - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6985277 - Dec 2013 (1 comment)

HarHarVeryFunny•6h ago
We used Multics when I was at Bristol Uni in the UK c.1980. I can only remember two things about it:

1) The system was initially deemed slow, so they installed an extra 256 KB of RAM (for a system serving dozens/hundreds of students - Bristol was regional computing center), and that made a difference! This was a big deal - apparently quite expensive!

2) Notwithstanding 1), it was fast, and typical student FORTRAN assignments of a 100 or so lines of code would compile and link essentially instantly - hit enter and get prompt back. I wish compilers were this fast today on 2025's massively faster hardware!

quatonion•3h ago
Same where I went at Leeds Uni in the mid 80s.

Ours was just for CS undergrads mostly when I was there, and wasn't too overloaded. I guess we had about fifty terminals maybe on campus at least.

I remember we could dial it up from a couple of terminals in our Halls of Residence over JANET.

You are right, I never found it that slow either - loved that machine and the terminal to terminal messaging was crazy fun.

aatd86•5h ago
One unix, two multics. /jk
rpiguy•5h ago
There was at least one Multics server with users at RPI when I graduated in 1999. I wonder how long it persisted.
bilegeek•2h ago
Can't find anything about RPI, but apparently the last known site was shut down in 2000: https://multicians.org/site-dndh.html

Mac history echoes in current Mac operating systems

http://tenfourfox.blogspot.com/2025/08/mac-history-echoes-in-mac-operating.html
40•classichasclass•1h ago•7 comments

Claude Code IDE integration for Emacs

https://github.com/manzaltu/claude-code-ide.el
588•kgwgk•14h ago•193 comments

Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (1773)

https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-20-02-0213
77•freediver•4h ago•25 comments

A Candidate Giant Planet Imaged in the Habitable Zone of α Cen A

https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03814
26•pinewurst•2h ago•9 comments

Project Hyperion: Interstellar ship design competition

https://www.projecthyperion.org
162•codeulike•7h ago•136 comments

Litestar is worth a look

https://www.b-list.org/weblog/2025/aug/06/litestar/
198•todsacerdoti•8h ago•50 comments

We'd be better off with 9-bit bytes

https://pavpanchekha.com/blog/9bit.html
102•luu•8h ago•192 comments

Jules, our asynchronous coding agent

https://blog.google/technology/google-labs/jules-now-available/
241•meetpateltech•11h ago•164 comments

Show HN: Kitten TTS – 25MB CPU-Only, Open-Source TTS Model

https://github.com/KittenML/KittenTTS
790•divamgupta•22h ago•322 comments

The Day MOOCs Died: Coursera's Preview Mode Kills Free Learning

https://www.classcentral.com/report/coursera-preview-mode-paywall/
34•deepakkarki•3d ago•20 comments

Writing a Rust GPU kernel driver: a brief introduction on how GPU drivers work

https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2025/08/06/writing-a-rust-gpu-kernel-driver-a-brief-introduction-on-how-gpu-drivers-work/
223•losgehts•11h ago•28 comments

Running GPT-OSS-120B at 500 tokens per second on Nvidia GPUs

https://www.baseten.co/blog/sota-performance-for-gpt-oss-120b-on-nvidia-gpus/
5•philipkiely•1h ago•0 comments

More than two hard disks in DOS

https://www.os2museum.com/wp/more-than-two-hard-disks-in-dos/
5•userbinator•3d ago•0 comments

You know more Finnish than you think

https://dannybate.com/2025/08/03/you-know-more-finnish-than-you-think/
62•infinate•2d ago•28 comments

A fast, growable array with stable pointers in C

https://danielchasehooper.com/posts/segment_array/
143•ibobev•9h ago•58 comments

The Bluesky Dictionary

https://www.avibagla.com/blueskydictionary/
119•gaws•7h ago•41 comments

Apple increases US commitment to $600B, announces American Manufacturing Program

https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/08/apple-increases-us-commitment-to-600-billion-usd-announces-ambitious-program/
26•Zenbit_UX•4h ago•10 comments

301party.com: Intentionally open redirect

https://301party.com/
69•nahikoa•7h ago•13 comments

Multics

https://www.multicians.org/multics.html
102•unleaded•10h ago•21 comments

Out-Fibbing CPython with the Plush Interpreter

https://pointersgonewild.com/2025-08-06-out-fibbing-cpython-with-the-plush-interpreter/
23•Bogdanp•4h ago•0 comments

Show HN: HMPL – Small Template Language for Rendering UI from Server to Client

https://github.com/hmpl-language/hmpl
7•aanthonymax•17h ago•5 comments

Comptime.ts: compile-time expressions for TypeScript

https://comptime.js.org/
104•excalo•3d ago•17 comments

A Man Who Beat IBM

https://every.to/feeds/b0e329f3048258e8eeb7/the-man-who-beat-ibm
45•vinnyglennon•3d ago•14 comments

Breaking the sorting barrier for directed single-source shortest paths

https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-method-is-the-fastest-way-to-find-the-best-routes-20250806/
139•baruchel•13h ago•43 comments

The Inkhaven Blogging Residency

https://www.inkhaven.blog/
29•venkii•3h ago•28 comments

Zig Error Patterns

https://glfmn.io/posts/zig-error-patterns/
124•Bogdanp•12h ago•33 comments

Automerge 3.0

https://automerge.org/blog/automerge-3/
250•surprisetalk•3d ago•21 comments

303Gen – 303 acid loops generator

https://303-gen-06a668.netlify.app/
180•ankitg12•15h ago•62 comments

AI in Search is driving more queries and higher quality clicks

https://blog.google/products/search/ai-search-driving-more-queries-higher-quality-clicks/
46•thm•10h ago•60 comments

Show HN: Sinkzone DNS – Forwarder that blocks everything except your allowlist

https://github.com/berbyte/sinkzone
72•dominis•11h ago•38 comments