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Utah's hottest new power source is 15k feet below the ground

https://www.gatesnotes.com/utahs-hottest-new-power-source-is-below-the-ground
126•mooreds•3h ago•74 comments

How the "Kim" dump exposed North Korea's credential theft playbook

https://dti.domaintools.com/inside-the-kimsuky-leak-how-the-kim-dump-exposed-north-koreas-credent...
154•notmine1337•4h ago•20 comments

A Navajo weaving of an integrated circuit: the 555 timer

https://www.righto.com/2025/09/marilou-schultz-navajo-555-weaving.html
60•defrost•3h ago•9 comments

Shipping textures as PNGs is suboptimal

https://gamesbymason.com/blog/2025/stop-shipping-pngs/
42•ibobev•3h ago•15 comments

I'm Making a Beautiful, Aesthetic and Open-Source Platform for Learning Japanese

https://kanadojo.com
37•tentoumushi•2h ago•11 comments

C++26: Erroneous Behaviour

https://www.sandordargo.com/blog/2025/02/05/cpp26-erroneous-behaviour
12•todsacerdoti•1h ago•8 comments

Troubleshooting ZFS – Common Issues and How to Fix Them

https://klarasystems.com/articles/troubleshooting-zfs-common-issues-how-to-fix-them/
14•zdw•3d ago•0 comments

A history of metaphorical brain talk in psychiatry

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-025-03053-6
10•fremden•1h ago•2 comments

Over 80% of Sunscreen Performed Below Their Labelled Efficacy (2020)

https://www.consumer.org.hk/en/press-release/528-sunscreen-test
90•mgh2•4h ago•80 comments

Qwen3 30B A3B Hits 13 token/s on 4xRaspberry Pi 5

https://github.com/b4rtaz/distributed-llama/discussions/255
278•b4rtazz•13h ago•115 comments

We hacked Burger King: How auth bypass led to drive-thru audio surveillance

https://bobdahacker.com/blog/rbi-hacked-drive-thrus/
272•BobDaHacker•11h ago•148 comments

The maths you need to start understanding LLMs

https://www.gilesthomas.com/2025/09/maths-for-llms
455•gpjt•4d ago•99 comments

Oldest recorded transaction

https://avi.im/blag/2025/oldest-txn/
135•avinassh•9h ago•60 comments

What to Do with an Old iPad

http://odb.ar/blog/2025/09/05/hosting-my-blog-on-an-iPad-2.html
40•owenmakes•1d ago•28 comments

Anonymous recursive functions in Racket

https://github.com/shriram/anonymous-recursive-function
46•azhenley•2d ago•12 comments

Stop writing CLI validation. Parse it right the first time

https://hackers.pub/@hongminhee/2025/stop-writing-cli-validation-parse-it-right-the-first-time
56•dahlia•5h ago•20 comments

Using Claude Code SDK to reduce E2E test time

https://jampauchoa.substack.com/p/best-of-both-worlds-using-claude
96•jampa•6h ago•66 comments

Matmul on Blackwell: Part 2 – Using Hardware Features to Optimize Matmul

https://www.modular.com/blog/matrix-multiplication-on-nvidias-blackwell-part-2-using-hardware-fea...
7•robertvc•1d ago•0 comments

GigaByte CXL memory expansion card with up to 512GB DRAM

https://www.gigabyte.com/PC-Accessory/AI-TOP-CXL-R5X4
41•tanelpoder•5h ago•38 comments

Microsoft Azure: "Multiple international subsea cables were cut in the Red Sea"

https://azure.status.microsoft/en-gb/status
100•djfobbz•3h ago•13 comments

Why language models hallucinate

https://openai.com/index/why-language-models-hallucinate/
135•simianwords•16h ago•147 comments

Processing Piano Tutorial Videos in the Browser

https://www.heyraviteja.com/post/portfolio/piano-reader/
25•catchmeifyoucan•2d ago•6 comments

Gloria funicular derailment initial findings report (EN) [pdf]

https://www.gpiaaf.gov.pt/upload/processos/d054239.pdf
9•vascocosta•2h ago•6 comments

AI surveillance should be banned while there is still time

https://gabrielweinberg.com/p/ai-surveillance-should-be-banned
462•mustaphah•10h ago•169 comments

Baby's first type checker

https://austinhenley.com/blog/babytypechecker.html
58•alexmolas•3d ago•15 comments

Qantas is cutting executive bonuses after data breach

https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/qantas-slashes-executive-pay-by-15-after-data-breach/164398...
39•campuscodi•3h ago•9 comments

William James at CERN (1995)

http://bactra.org/wm-james-at-cern/
13•benbreen•1d ago•0 comments

Rug pulls, forks, and open-source feudalism

https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/1036465/e80ebbc4cee39bfb/
242•pabs3•18h ago•118 comments

Rust tool for generating random fractals

https://github.com/benjaminrall/chaos-game
4•gidellav•2h ago•0 comments

Europe enters the exascale supercomputing league with Jupiter

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2029
51•Sami_Lehtinen•4h ago•34 comments
Open in hackernews

Oldest recorded transaction

https://avi.im/blag/2025/oldest-txn/
135•avinassh•9h ago

Comments

DaveZale•9h ago
beer drinking goes waaaay back
NL807•9h ago
malt is used in baking as well
DaveZale•9h ago
they evolved in tandem. Back in the day, old bread would be used as a starter culture for beer.

https://www.getty.edu/360/event_images/mesobeer.pdf

edoceo•7h ago
One can also use live-beer when making a starter dough. Neat flavours.
DaveZale•5h ago
cool, I'll try that, muchos gracias
behringer•6h ago
There are many who think society itself was formed in order to make alcohol. Without alcohol there would be little reason to grow so much grain and thus little reason to have so many people in one place.
metalman•5h ago
way before when the tablet was made, as residues on pottery 5 thousand years older, 8-9-10 k yrs bp show that grains were soaked and lightly fermented, to increase nutritional content, palatability/texture, with this practice bieng practiced all the way through the stone ages. some have suggested that fermentation was the primary impetus for building the first semi permanent dwellings....beer first, somewhere to hang out was a bonus
ceejayoz•3h ago
Even kids drank (weak) beer, in part because the alcohol content kills pathogens. Even today clean water can be tough to find for some folks.
Podrod•9h ago
And here's the oldest recorded customer complaint

https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/complaint-tablet-to-ea...

Boogie_Man•5h ago
Excellent and straightforward negotiation, reminds me a bit of how mobsters speak in film combined with how God speaks in the old testament.
MangoToupe•5h ago
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-n%C4%...

For people who don't want to be assaulted by aggressive ads

ants_everywhere•4h ago
dude probably needed to make some swords or something
pipeline_peak•8h ago
Me buying a PlayStation 1 in 1997
jitl•8h ago
You can store whatever ancient timestamp you want in SQLite, its Just Text or Just an Integer although the date library functions may not support it
delichon•8h ago
This isn't just the oldest recorded transaction, it's nearly the oldest known recognizable sample of human writing. Not a love letter or a sermon or a story, but a receipt. This probably reflects their ubiquity rather than importance. There is one known older writing sample, the Kish Tablet of Jemet Nasr. Since that tablet represents lists and counts of goods (barley, oil, livestock), it may also be a receipt, or perhaps an inventory.

The oldest known non-commercial writing is a set of proverbs from around 2600 BCE, Instructions of Shuruppak.

With my luck my most cringe-worthy diary entries will probably last that long.

sameermanek•7h ago
It was invented by store managers to counter the karens of that time. /s

Oops, im not on reddit, sorry

maratc•6h ago
> Not a love letter or a sermon or a story, but a receipt. This probably reflects their ubiquity rather than importance.

We humans are pretty good at remembering sermons and stories and we can recreate them from memory and pass them down to the next generations. We however suck at remembering numbers, that's why we invented writing so we could write the numbers down and rely on these records, instead of on bad human memory.

ahmedfromtunis•5h ago
That was not by (deliberate) choice.

The earliest writings were actually logographic or semasiographic, meaning they represented ideas, objects, or concepts directly rather than the sounds of a specific spoken language.

We actually don't know what language(s) was/were spoken by the people who recorded the earliest tablets (not sure if that also applies to this particular one, though).

Phonographic writing developed much later and with it came all the forms of textual recordings we're familiar with.

thaumasiotes•4h ago
> Phonographic writing developed much later

Well, the earliest signs are logographic.

But phonographic writing didn't take long to develop. Once you've got a few logographs, it becomes apparent immediately that you can't extend that approach to everything you can say.

dotancohen•4h ago

  > Once you've got a few logographs, it becomes apparent immediately that you can't extend that approach to everything you can say.
The converse is just as true. Not all things you can think, you can say. I remember sometime in my teens realizing that my thoughts are constrained by my language, an epiphany that sparked a life long interest in language. Now some 30 years later, I feel that I can feel ideas that I don't know how to express, but not for lack of language. Rather, some ideas are too complex for our simple speech. Just as a dog would be unable to bark the idea "energy is neither created nor destroyed".
smj-edison•2h ago
Bit of a tangent, but have you followed dynamic land at all? Their whole thing is expressing ideas through a dynamic medium, to convey things we can't explain through speech. You might find it interesting :)

https://dynamicland.org/

dotancohen•2h ago
Never heard of it, thank you!
cyberax•4h ago
> But phonographic writing didn't take long to develop.

But it did. It took around 1500 years from the first writing systems to fully phonetic systems. And we still have Chinese characters even now, or the Tibetan writing system.

For some reason, writing systems tend to stay stuck on mixed logographic and phonetic systems.

thaumasiotes•2h ago
The modern Chinese writing system is fully phonetic, just with extremely complex spelling. There is no pretense that characters represent ideas or words. They represent syllables.

Phonetic use of the characters was immediate. The go-to example here is 來, which depicts a stalk of wheat. It is the spelling of the verb "come", and the verb is spelled that way because the character for "wheat" was borrowed with no alterations to represent its own pronunciation, which was shared with the verb.

cyberax•11m ago
I speak Chinese :)

It's a mixed system with about 2 millennia of legacy. It started as logographic, then it got into phono-semantic compounds, with detours into the written-only official language (like Latin), and now it's messy mix of everything. There are true logographs (休,林,森), true phonosemantic compounds, and plenty purely phonetic characters that have no meaning by themselves ("bound morphemes").

OskarS•1h ago
There's always a sliding scale between "proto-writing" and fully developed writing systems, but just using symbols phonetically instead of semantically happens much faster than that. The very archaic forms of proto-cuneiform is from about 3400 BCE (though things like clay tokens are much older). It, like virtually all writing systems in the world, developed into a true writing system by use of the "rebus principle", where symbols came to acquire different meanings based on phonetics in the same way as in a rebus. Like, in English, if you had a symbol for "female sheep" (a "ewe"), you could start to use it to signify the word "you", even though there's no semantic connection.

The earliest evidence for this in cuneiform is from around 3200-3000 BCE. There is a famous tablet where the symbol for "reed" is used to represent the word "reimburse", because they're both pronounced like gi. By a few hundred years later, cuneiform was a fully fledged phonetic writing system.

ants_everywhere•4h ago
One of the theories of how writing was invented was via transactions and accounting.

You start keeping items in clay jars. You eventually mark the jars with a depiction of what's in it. Those marks begin standing in for the items themselves when communicating across languages or keeping records of how many items and jars you have.

barbazoo•8h ago
> Considering this thing survived 5000 years (holy shit!) with zero downtime and has stronger durability guarantees than most databases today.

One could argue that it had 5000 years of downtime when no one knew where it was /s

all2•4h ago
Network connectivity was an issue, though. If we look at only network uptime, it's quite low. Something like 0.02% uptime over 5000 years.
throw0101c•7h ago
Some more info:

> This tablet with early writing most likely documents grain distributed by a large temple. Scholars have distinguished two phases in the development of writing in southern Mesopotamia. The earliest tablets, probably dating to around 3300 B.C., record economic information using pictographs and numerals drawn in the clay. A later phase, as represented by this tablet, reflects changes in the techniques of writing that altered the shapes of signs. Symbols stood for nouns, primarily names of commodities, as well as a few basic adjectives, but no grammatical elements. Such a system could be read in any language, but it is generally accepted that the underlying language is Sumerian. Indeed, by the first half of the third millennium B.C., the script had sufficiently developed to faithfully represent the Sumerian language, and the scope and application of writing was expanded to include written poetry. Nonetheless, even these later scribes rarely included grammatical elements, and the texts, created as memory aids, cannot be easily read today.

* https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/327385

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr_period

thaumasiotes•4h ago
> A later phase, as represented by this tablet, reflects changes in the techniques of writing that altered the shapes of signs. Symbols stood for nouns, primarily names of commodities, as well as a few basic adjectives, but no grammatical elements.

From Weavers, Scribes, and Kings:

> The reason that the artist immortalized Ushumgal and Shara-igizi-Abzu is that they were involved in a transaction so important that a record of it was carved onto a stone boulder, complete with pictures of the main parties. The roughly drawn cuneiform signs that litter the sides of the boulder, and even extend over the figures themselves, record that this transaction pertained to animals, land, and houses, in large quantities: 450 iku of fields are mentioned (about 158 hectares or 392 acres), along with three houses and some bulls, donkeys, and sheep. Unfortunately, the inscription suffers from a dire shortage of verbs, which would have been useful in determining what exactly was going on.

behnamoh•6h ago
> I call it rock solid durability.

Literally! But this is survivor bias: you only see a piece that remained intact for 5k years, and I bet 99% of them were eroded/destroyed over time.

rthnbgrredf•6h ago
While survivor bias is relevant, I strongly doubt any modern transaction stored digitally in a DB such as Postgres could last 5k years.
tonyhart7•6h ago
but they can tho??? no one said about transferring such data into another disk
MangoToupe•5h ago
The IBM 80-hole punch card will only turn 100 in 2028. Who knows what the world will look like in 2128.
numbsafari•5h ago
I bet the clay tablet will be just fine. No word on moldy cards.
thaumasiotes•4h ago
Note that it isn't the norm for clay tablets to survive. We have lots of them, far more than we're willing to provide the manpower to read, but in most cases[1] that's not because they were made to be durable.

Whenever a city was conquered, the tablets there were immortalized as the city burned down. But cities that didn't get sacked didn't burn down, and their tablets could be lost. For example, we don't have the clay records from Hammurabi's reign in Babylon, because (a) he was a strong king, and Babylon wasn't conquered on his watch; and (b) he reigned a long time ago, and that period of Babylon sank below the water table, dissolving all the records.

[1] Some tablets were intentionally fired for posterity.

hagbard_c•6h ago
Interesting write-up marred by the injection of politics: Maybe if I’m a British Museum manager, and I want to keep -theft- inventory details

Ideological jabs like this are fine in political discussions but they don't add anything elsewhere and serve only to lower the trustworthiness of what is written due to implied bias.

pasc1878•5h ago
It is not politics. British Museum manager did steal quite a few things. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-68665773

This is not an academic piece but a blog which is trying to be light hearted.. The first sentence says "The other day I posted a tweet with this image which I thought was funny:' So not being 100% serious is to be expected.

aaronharnly•4h ago
As an aside to this aside on the aside…

I've gotten into reading Tintin books with my kid, as I did when I was about his age. They're grand adventures and sort-of progressive, for their era.

But the basic structure of many of the stories is still basically "let's get this rare artifact from [South America, Africa, Asia] out of the hands of the thieves stealing it, and back into a museum in England, where it belongs!" And I gotta say it grates.

novemp•2h ago
Thanks for the confirmation that "politics" just means "facts".
keshavmr•6h ago
"Six thousand years ago, Sumarians invented writing for transaction processing."... is the first sentence of the "Transaction Processing" book... https://www.amazon.com/Transaction-Processing-Concepts-Techn...
giveita•2h ago
Wow that is the book to read for legacy systems
tzury•5h ago
Quote:

    I wonder how people store dates older than this. 
    
    Maybe if I’m a British Museum manager, and I want to keep theft inventory details. 
    
    How do I do it? As an epoch? Store it as text?
The answer: Text.

Many items in museums have no specific date but Circa X. I have spent a lot of time in the early 2000s to enable "Sort by date" in museum registrars software I was maintaining despite having it textual

ghurtado•4h ago
> Sort by date" in museum registrars software

This sounds like the perfect invitation for some old school over engineering.

I'm already having so much fun running through every possible input in my head, and I would inevitably write a serious mountain of steaming code to support it.

Waraqa•4h ago
I assume an integer field is sufficient since mostly it's only the year that they know not the exact date.
brazzy•3h ago
No, you need a lot more complexity if you really wanted to represent it semantically. The assumption that people in the past used calendars with sequentially numbered years you just need to offset, is simply wrong.

You have things like "in the Xth year of the reign of King Y", where we can easily relate multiple entries with different values for X, but don't actually know which CE years they correspond to. Even weirder is the Roman habit of recording "the year of the consulship of X and Y", which doesn't even allow you to relate any two different years at all without a reference table (which we don't have completely). And no, "years from the foundong of the city" wasn't a thing.

Atlas667•3h ago
Text is better together with specific formats like Circa, ranges, exact years or dates, and unknown.
lazide•4h ago
Turing complete DSL, here we come!
rossant•4h ago
Tiny language model.
jacquesm•4h ago
That's got to be a study in exceptions. Let's start with which calendar we're referencing. C14 anybody?
tzury•3h ago
I simply built a side table in the DB, whereas any expression was associated with a range of a 2 YEARS (numbers).

any time they enter and expression (auto complete), it they introduce a new one, they needed to add the range.

this did the job.

the time I spent the most was to sort the existing data and restore it in the new dictionary.

divbzero•2h ago
> The answer: Text.

That was my immediate thought too and led to me wondering: How do you represent BCE dates in ISO 8601?

Apparently ISO 8601 always supports YYYY from 0000 (1 BCE) to 9999 (9999 CE). ISO 8601 can also extend beyond those limits if agreed upon by sender and receiver: e.g. -0001 (2 BCE), -0002 (3 BCE), etc.

ccorcos•4h ago
I think these numerical constraints are because range trees use numerical averages to construct themselves. This is important for OVERLAPS queries common with dates. But you could construct interval tree indexes lexicographically using text but they are quite uncommon. It’s something I’ve experimented with a decent amount though.

https://github.com/ccorcos/database-experiments/blob/master/...

hexpeek•4h ago
I expected there would be constraints, but the chosen range is quite intriguing. The PostgreSQL spec says the 4-byte date type spans 4713 BC to 5,874,897 AD. It gives much more headroom for future dates—did they assume preserving data before 4713 BC is unlikely?
IceHegel•3h ago
The idea that artifacts belong forever to whoever inhabits the land today is going to put under increasing pressure as ancient DNA continues to reveal the number and severity of population replacements over time.
foundart•3h ago
Wow, so much older than the oldest known complaint

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-n%C4%...

m463•2h ago
It might be that tally sticks go back further, maybe "between 44,200 and 43,000"¹ years ago.

so about 42175 BC

:)

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tally_stick#Possible_palaeolit...

jcims•2h ago
I'm 52 years old and it has been this way since I can remember but for some reason I can't make it not bug me. Any time we have the biggest/oldest/smallest/fastest/etc example of something, it's described without any qualification of seen, known, observed, etc.

For example, this isn't oldest recorded transaction, it's the oldest widely known record of a transaction (probably).

Why does that still bother me? Obviously nobody is saying it's the oldest recorded transaction, right? That would make it the first recorded transaction, and nobody is calling it that.

And here I am likely triggering your own pet peeve of useless comments on HN. xD