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x402 — An open protocol for internet-native payments

https://www.x402.org/
132•thm•3h ago

Comments

aeon_ai•2h ago
For those who are interested in origins, a Coinbase sponsored protocol.

With Stripe moving into the space heavily and looking to lock things up in "Stripe-land", I think having an open protocol is great.

kreetx•2h ago
It's not the shape of the API payload that is the problem, is it? Few banks have a REST API for payments is the issue IMO.
aeon_ai•2h ago
The nature of the transaction itself is fundamentally different in a paygated/trustless API request.

This is different from an API schema of a /payments/ endpoint being segregated from the actual resource that is being paid for.

In this model, the payment is the cost of entry for the resource request itself. It's not as directly applicable to all payment scenarios, but enables a new class of transaction that is effectively pay-per-request.

It's worth noting that this protocol is primarily supported by Coinbase today -- You'd be using USDC on the Base network (Layer 2 on top of Ethereum). However, the protocol itself is opening meaning anyone can self-host the same mechanics on any network, with any token/crypto asset.

subscribed•1h ago
There are modern banks-connected (including PBs) finance firms that offer modern protocols and can facilitate payments quickly and nicely (offering both custodial And non-custodial services).

I support one of the similar projects in my organisation and I can't wait for golive.

Qworg•22m ago
FIS is just waiting for them to pay $250k/enabled API call to make it happen...
hvb2•2h ago
Why not look at sepa? There's a whole continent that already solved this? Ticks all the boxes:

- No fee

- Instant

- Blockchain agnostic

I mean for the actual settlement obviously.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Euro_Payments_Area

edoceo•2h ago
USA has started a FedNow program to make, basically, ACH faster.

Will take ages for that to become a browser extension, or embed. Too many parties make money off the current way. Similar to the health "care" ("insurance") in USA

flessner•2h ago
As much as I like SEPA it is primarily for bank transfers.

The way that payments work through SEPA is that the merchant pulls the money from your account. Legally they require a "mandate" - this can be as little as a handwritten signature on a document.

Security is essentially provided by easy reversal and strong penalties for abuse.

kingo55•2h ago
As opposed to blockchain where reversal depends on the grace of the merchant.

I've often wondered whether payments providers entering the blockchain space (like Visa/Mastercard) would act as trusted intermediaries for dispute resolution. Kind of a 2-of-3 multisig to disperse the funds in escrow.

nl•1h ago
One of the most common examples of smart contacts is a reversible transaction with dispute resolution by a third-party.

Infact you could implement exactly what you suggest in a similar way.

lucb1e•2h ago
Is there also no fee for merchants? I thought business accounts are usually not as cheap as (or free like) consumer ones, some (all?) iirc pay per transaction or have tiers

It's also really hard to interface with. Afaik, I can't simply get an API token from my bank and send 2-cent transactions to pages I read if they'd publish the IBAN as part of an HTTP header or meta tag for example. Nor do I know that my bank would be happy about a thousand tiny transactions each month

littlecranky67•1h ago
SEPA (and all other sorts of payment processors) don't work for micro payments, because no one wants to forward a 5cent payment, or they will charge another 20cent as a fee. We had the WebPayments API fail over exactly this.
quinndupont•2h ago
Corporate capture of payment rails, masquerading as open payments.
dewey•2h ago
How would non corporate payment rails look like?
hackernudes•2h ago
The Lightning Network (an open payment layer built on top of Bitcoin) or some other cryptocurrency.
kingo55•2h ago
That would be nice... Good luck to you if you can use it.

I would consider myself tech savvy but I struggled immensely to run lightning without custodial risk back.

philipwhiuk•2h ago
This is built on top of crypto currency.
mrbluecoat•1h ago
Perhaps something like https://github.com/stellar/basic-payment-app/blob/main/src/r...
littlecranky67•1h ago
Look at how Nostr does it with lightning micropayments ("zaps"). No middlemen needed.
westurner•2h ago
How are Hashed Timelock Agreements (HTA) like in the Interledger Protocol (ILP) and WebMonetization Protocol more secure than x402?

Does x402 prevent the double-spending problem?

Isn't it regressive to return to dependence on DNS for financial transactions?

jmarbach•2h ago
Anchor Browser has documentation here showing how to combine x402 with an agentic browser session.

https://anchorbrowser.io/blog/pay-to-win-coinbase-x402-ancho...

We are not far off from humans giving a monthly allowance to their agentic counterparts.

warkdarrior•2h ago
As long as the agentic browser can automate my PirateBay tasks, I don't intend to overcomplicate it with payments and such.
olivia-banks•2h ago
This whole thing seems very strange to me, but maybe I’m missing the point.

> API services paid per request

Given that this runs atop Payment Required, doesn’t this mean that each API request would involve an extra one or two data transfers?

> AI agents that autonomously pay for API access

Is there a reason why you wouldn’t pay ahead of time? I just understand why you couldn’t buy a few dozen/hundred/thousand dollars worth of credits, and wait until it runs low.

> Paywalls for digital content

Isn’t this crypto only? The overlap of people paying for digital content and dealing with crypto must be relatively small. Is it meant to funnel people to a payment portal, going through fiat, à la Coinbase?

> Microservices and tooling monetized via microtransactions

How is this different than the API point?

> Proxy services that aggregate and resell API capabilities

I’m not a huge backend person, but what would be the purpose of this?

tleyden5iwx•1h ago
I think the purpose is so that your agent can do things like buy airline tickets for you. Using x402 it doesn't have to go through a typical credit card checkout process, which might have a lot of safeguards that make sure there's an actual human on the other end (captchas, etc)
astroflection•1h ago
> Is there a reason why you wouldn’t pay ahead of time? I just understand why you couldn’t buy a few dozen/hundred/thousand dollars worth of credits, and wait until it runs low.

Maybe you want to buy the service that is priced the lowest at the moment. Example: providers of inference services could drop their prices if they are underutilized. You could then have your system check for the best price and purchase only what is needed at the best price.

jgrahamc•2h ago
Cloudflare using it: https://blog.cloudflare.com/x402/
lucb1e•2h ago
Has anyone tried this out and can say how long it takes?

The flowchart on the back-end looks pretty involved, needing to publish transactions on the chain and get confirmations. For Bitcoin, that takes upwards of like 15 minutes depending on what block depth the receiving party cares about and stuff. Even foregoing that and just listening for conflicting transactions being broadcast for a few seconds, that's an annoying delay to open a page. Not to mention dealing with the UI to authorize a specific payment for every damn page on paywalled news websites

wbnns•48m ago
It's pretty trivial to set up, here's a link to the docs: https://x402.gitbook.io/x402

Transactions confirm every 2 seconds on Base, and preconfirm even faster (every 200ms); there's no lag from a peer to peer payments perspective since they settle so quickly.

Through account abstraction and spend permissions, you also don't have to wait and authorize every single payment. It's a customizable from a developer perspective depending on how they want to build out their application.

straumat•1h ago
I am developping an open source x402 Java stack and I love this protocol ! You can see my projet ar https://mogami.tech
Dementor430•1h ago
I am excited to see how people will use this. Are there any sites actively allowing to use it rn?
wbnns•52m ago
Yep! Here: https://www.x402.org/ecosystem
zb3•1h ago
Oh no, apparently this crypto shit is not dead yet.. :(
nodesocket•36m ago
And further proof HN is terrible with finance and making money in general.
littlecranky67•1h ago
No mention of Lightning or Bitcoin in the entire whitepaper. Just Base - a L2 rollup on Etherum developed by Coinbase which is behind the x402 standard. Hope this goes nowhere, clearly Coinbase has too much interest in pushing its own stack. Free and open payments should be bitcoin based to be truely decentralized, on Layers-2 such as Lightning or Liquid.
wbnns•52m ago
It's really difficult to build agentic applications on top of Bitcoin. It's generally possible throughout the EVM however, which is many networks, not just Base. Base won't be the only EVM-compatible network that x402 utilizes.
littlecranky67•50m ago
That is why I said Layer-2, like Lightning. That is not difficult at all, there are already successfull, workable solutions that allow for automated micro-payments (alby, or Nostr's zaps).
wbnns•43m ago
Debatable but IMO Lightning is still nascent even to this day. There is no real large ecosystem of interactive web applications available in-browser that you can build 402 offerings on top of. The EVM is light years ahead.

I'm by no means against Lightning, it's just got a long road of ecosystem, development and better UX ahead of it before we see general mainstream adoption. At the moment, bitcoin's killer feature is holding bitcoin. Most people don't know what Sats are. There are few bitcoin-payable apps. Few stable assets that remove volatility for every day payments like you would need with 402. Stuff like that.

smashem•43m ago
> It's really difficult to build agentic applications on top of Bitcoin.

That's because brain power is being corralled around entities that seek to maintain their control as toll keepers of financial transactions. They have to modernize and they must do it through centralized blockchains to maintain their control.

scyclow•44m ago
Being able to handle Bitcoin transactions is fine, but it's disingenuous to act like it's the only way to be truly decentralized.
wmf•27m ago
People want to transact in dollars.
0xAFFFF•59m ago
The protocol boast "no fee" but that's deceptive: if it's based upon a blockchain, there will be transaction fees.

Now if the problem they want to solve is the case of low amount payments (they claim "no high minimum") then a percentage fee is not an issue, but a per-transaction fee can be absolutely massive. Also depending on the blockchain, you're exposed to fee volatility, which might be another issue.

Am I missing something here?

wbnns•54m ago
> The protocol boast "no fee" but that's deceptive: if it's based upon a blockchain, there will be transaction fees.

These days many transaction types onchain are completely free and subsidized because gas costs are subcent[1].

x402 functions predominantly on L2 networks like Base, where individual tx costs between agents are generally not a factor.

[1] https://www.gasfees.io/

wmf•34m ago
According to that site Base USDC fee is 1/8th of a cent. The x402 whitepaper says 1/100th of a cent so I'm not sure what accounts for the discrepancy; maybe Coinbase is willing to subsidize fees in some cases.
ceayo•54m ago
More crypto and more microtransactions - look what a place the web has become... I don't see why we can't just happily hobble along our free cute little information highway and why capitalism has nowadays infused the internet with a rage for money-making.
wmf•19m ago
New Internet Business Model https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-2025-annual-founders-... discussed yesterday https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45334599
cyberax•49m ago
Cryptocrap. Pass.
seebeen•46m ago
Working with banks and payment processors during a 15-year period, I can with 1.000% certainty say - no sane Bank will touch this with a 10-foot pole.

Not now, not in 20 years.

wbnns•42m ago
Would you have said the same if I told you last year that the president and first lady would each have a memecoin?
wmf•23m ago
Anchorage appears to already support Base.
smashem•33m ago
18 years ago: https://www.reddit.com/r/WTF/comments/6hc3w/comment/c03udg0/

> "This code is reserved for future use."

> For when AT&T, Comcast, TimeWarner, et. al. have succeeded in their plan to make the interweb a toll-road. "Oh, you want your packets to go to reddit.com? That will be $0.00015/per."

Redditor had the right idea, just wrong names.

bashmohandes•23m ago
Interesting, how does that work?

10 secs into it, Blockchain

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