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Show HN: ESPectre – Motion detection based on Wi-Fi spectre analysis

https://github.com/francescopace/espectre
67•francescopace•7h ago
Hi everyone, I'm the author of ESPectre.

This is an open-source (GPLv3) project that uses Wi-Fi signal analysis to detect motion using CSI data, and it has already garnered almost 2,000 stars in two weeks.

Key technical details:

- The system does NOT use Machine Learning, it relies purely on Math. — Runs in real-time on a super affordable chip like the ESP32. - It integrates seamlessly with Home Assistant via MQTT.

Comments

tetris11•2h ago
Amazing stuff!

Am I right in understanding that only a single ESP32 device is needed (plus a router)?

pmontra•1h ago
Probably one per room because all the examples at https://github.com/francescopace/espectre/blob/main/CALIBRAT... are about a single room.

Is the author reads this, how does the system cope with multiple rooms in the same house, maybe a two or three storeys house?

francescopace•42m ago
Yes, you’re both correct:

You need one sensor for each area you want to monitor independently. With devices more capable than the ESP32‑S3, the coverage would likely be greater.

The ESP32‑C6, in particular, offers significantly better performance. Check out this comparison video from Espressif: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjdpzM6zVJ8

yoavm•5m ago
How about if I want to monitor the apartment as a whole? Would 100m2 be too much for one sensor to handle?
roger_•1h ago
Been working on this very idea casually for couple years with ESP-IDF and I could never get the statistical signal processing just right (by my definition). Things I've tried: adapting filtering (LMS, Kalman), kernel methods (NEWMA, MMD), detectors (CUSUM, GLR), dimensionality reduction (random projection, online PCA), whitening, etc.

I use a single ESP32 in STA/AP mode which sniffs ACK packets with a specific destination mac, which come from any server on my WiFi network (uses a special sniffing mode IIRC). This way I can receive regular CSI packets originating from a fixed location and doesn't need another device running.

I'll have to look at this code, maybe I just overlooked the obvious or my requirements were too high!

francescopace•57m ago
ESPectre takes a different architectural approach that might address some of the challenges you encountered:

1. Instead of STA/AP mode on a single ESP32, ESPectre uses the natural traffic between your existing router and an ESP32-S3 in station mode. To ensure a stable, continuous CSI packet rate, I implemented a traffic generator that sends ICMP pings to the gateway at a configurable rate (default: 20 pps). This provides bidirectional traffic (request + reply) that reliably triggers CSI generation, giving you predictable packet timing without relying on ambient network traffic or special sniffing modes.

2. Rather than applying filters directly to raw CSI, ESPectre uses Moving Variance Segmentation (MVS) on unfiltered spatial turbulence (std dev of subcarrier amplitudes).

3. The filters are applied to features, not to the segmentation signal itself. This preserves motion sensitivity while cleaning up the feature data

I found that having a stable transmitter (the router) combined with controlled traffic generation provides more consistent multipath patterns and predictable CSI timing, which makes the segmentation more reliable.

Gys•1h ago
Interesting! Are you familiar with tommysense.com? I think it doing something similar? Did not yet have time to try it.
francescopace•53m ago
Sorry, I replied to the wrong comment.

Tommysense creates a sensing mesh between devices, while ESPectre uses your existing Wi-Fi router as the transmitter. As a result, ESPectre needs only one device per area but requires a compatible router with solid 2.4 GHz coverage. The overall goal is similar, but ESPectre is open-source!

acl•31m ago
Would this work with a mesh router?
francescopace•11m ago
Sure, the ESP32 will connect to whichever mesh node provides the best 2.4 GHz signal

- It monitors CSI from that specific node (the one it's associated with)

- If the ESP32 roams to a different mesh node, it will start monitoring CSI from the new node

The system doesn't care about the router's internal mesh topology, it just needs a stable connection to receive CSI data from the associated access point.

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