For example, if your hukou is registered to a rural community, you do not have access to the same level of public healthcare that people with Shanghai hukous have.
edit: replaced 'Jūminhyō' with Japan’s Furusato Nōzei
This system creates weird incentive schemes where rural areas offer 'benefits' to city folk.
Hanoi has the exact same coordination problem as Delhi for the exact same reasons as well - 8 tinhs and 2 TPTTTWs all with overlapping and competing governments.
Beijing had a similar problem both Delhi and Hanoi, but because it was just surrounded by Hebei and Tianjin (a fellow 直辖市) it made coordination easier.
South Asia is another new invention.
No one goes around saying "I'm a South Asian."
As for terminology, especially when it comes to geography and geopolitics, it depends on who's using the term and what their agenda of the day is.
Gulf of Mexico comes to mind.
Comparing India and Indonesia to China and Japan is like comparing Mexico and Brazil to Canada the US.
Just because they’re in the same continent doesn’t mean they’re comparable.
The name is always a giveaway of their agenda.
andsoitis•2h ago
alephnerd•2h ago
> The Tokyo Metropolitan Government (tmg) is responsible for big-ticket public services such as water, sewage and public hospitals. Beneath it sit 23 wards and a host of peripheral cities and towns. Each municipality has its own elected mayor and assembly, responsible for services such as schools, waste management and community planning. The tmg co-ordinates between them. It is a sensible split that clearly delineates authority while also making sure that decision-making is joined up.
jhancock•1h ago
The vague description "run by the central government as a province rather than a city" is uninformative.
Lived in Shanghai 10 years. The city is well run for something of its magnitude. Mostly competent leadership and cultural alignment.
alephnerd•1h ago
It gives Shanghai (and Tokyo) a munucipal budget and fiscal autonomy that most other megacities in Asia tend to lack.
seanmcdirmid•24m ago
Southern Chinese cities are better run than Northern Chinese cities. Not just Shanghai, but Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Wenzhou...heck, even Kunming has better drivers and traffic than you'll see in Beijing.
alephnerd•20m ago
But, conversely, a poor farmer in Yunnan was less likely to choose to become a migrant worker in Kunming instead of a Tier 1 metro.
IMO, Beijing's craziness can be attributed to the fact that it is the economic center for much of Northern China - and a number of migrants from large neighboring laggard states like Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, and others ended up gravitating to Beijing.
> Shanghai usually gets the CPC members running it who will lead the country in the future
Not anymore. That was more of a Jiang- and Hu-era bias.
> a party secretary of Shanghai at some point (like Xi in 2007)
Xi's tenure in Shanghai was transitory (less than a year from what I remember) and imo was due to his previous role in Zhejiang.
> Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Wenzhou...
Those are all closely connected with Shanghai economically speaking, and all part of Zhejiang or Jiangsu.