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How to turn anything into a router

https://nbailey.ca/post/router/
297•yabones•3h ago•118 comments

Parrots pack twice as many neurons as primate brains of the same mass

https://www.dhanishsemar.com/writing/bird-brains
199•DiffTheEnder•4h ago•121 comments

Bitwarden Integrates with OneCLI Agent Vault

https://www.onecli.sh/blog/bitwarden-agent-access-sdk-onecli
35•sudo_chmod•1h ago•22 comments

CodingFont: A game to help you pick a coding font

https://www.codingfont.com/
79•nvahalik•2h ago•48 comments

"Over 1.5 million GitHub PRs have had ads injected into them by Copilot"

https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-copilot-is-now-injecting-ads-into-pull-requests-on-github-g...
278•bundie•2h ago•141 comments

OCR For construction documents does not work, we fixed it

https://www.getanchorgrid.com/developer/docs/endpoints/drawings-doors
16•wcisco17•1h ago•8 comments

Build123d: A Python CAD programming library

https://github.com/gumyr/build123d
45•Ivoah•20h ago•14 comments

Take Better Notes, by Hand

https://brianschrader.com/archive/take-better-notes-by-hand/
19•sonicrocketman•57m ago•4 comments

Mathematical methods and human thought in the age of AI

https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26524
146•zaikunzhang•6h ago•50 comments

FTC Action Against Match and OkCupid for Deceiving Users, Sharing Personal Data

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/03/ftc-takes-action-against-match-okcupi...
81•gnabgib•1h ago•38 comments

ChatGPT won't let you type until Cloudflare reads your React state

https://www.buchodi.com/chatgpt-wont-let-you-type-until-cloudflare-reads-your-react-state-i-decry...
891•alberto-m•21h ago•578 comments

72% of the dollar's purchasing power was destroyed in just four episodes

https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-is-not-linear/
159•latentframe•2h ago•150 comments

Cherri – programming language that compiles directly to a Apple Shortuct

https://github.com/electrikmilk/cherri
16•mihau•2d ago•2 comments

From Proxmox to FreeBSD and Sylve in Our Office Lab

https://www.iptechnics.com/blogs/from-proxmox-to-freebsd-and-sylve-in-our-office-lab
29•arch1e•2d ago•16 comments

The curious case of retro demo scene graphics

https://www.datagubbe.se/aipixels/
302•zdw•11h ago•76 comments

I use Excalidraw to manage my diagrams for my blog

https://blog.lysk.tech/excalidraw-frame-export/
208•mlysk•10h ago•89 comments

In Math, Rigor Is Vital. But Are Digitized Proofs Taking It Too Far?

https://www.quantamagazine.org/in-math-rigor-is-vital-but-are-digitized-proofs-taking-it-too-far-...
47•isaacfrond•4d ago•37 comments

Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation: Reinforcement Learning and Diffusion Models

https://dani2442.github.io/posts/continuous-rl/
121•sebzuddas•9h ago•35 comments

I am definitely missing the pre-AI writing era

https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/BJ4pnropWdnzzgeJc/i-am-definitely-missing-the-pre-ai-writing-era
107•joozio•10h ago•100 comments

Comprehensive C++ Hashmap Benchmarks (2022)

https://martin.ankerl.com/2022/08/27/hashmap-bench-01/
46•klaussilveira•5d ago•13 comments

Voyager 1 runs on 69 KB of memory and an 8-track tape recorder

https://techfixated.com/a-1977-time-capsule-voyager-1-runs-on-69-kb-of-memory-and-an-8-track-tape...
640•speckx•1d ago•238 comments

Copilot edited an ad into my PR

https://notes.zachmanson.com/copilot-edited-an-ad-into-my-pr/
1227•pavo-etc•13h ago•350 comments

VHDL's Crown Jewel

https://www.sigasi.com/opinion/jan/vhdls-crown-jewel/
117•cokernel_hacker•12h ago•43 comments

15 Years of Forking

https://www.waterfox.com/blog/15-years-of-forking/
273•MrAlex94•2d ago•59 comments

Spring Boot Done Right: Lessons from a 400-Module Codebase

https://medium.com/all-things-software/spring-boot-done-right-lessons-from-a-400-module-codebase-...
71•dknj•3d ago•58 comments

Ninja is a small build system with a focus on speed

https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja
76•tosh•3d ago•33 comments

C++26 is done: ISO C++ standards meeting Trip Report

https://herbsutter.com/2026/03/29/c26-is-done-trip-report-march-2026-iso-c-standards-meeting-lond...
293•pjmlp•23h ago•322 comments

Douglas Lenat's Automated Mathematician Source Code

https://github.com/white-flame/am
59•hydrolox•5d ago•9 comments

Hardware Image Compression

https://www.ludicon.com/castano/blog/2026/03/hardware-image-compression/
61•luu•1d ago•11 comments

My MacBook keyboard is broken and it's insanely expensive to fix

https://tobiasberg.net/posts/my-macbook-keyboard-is-broken-and-its-insanely-expensive-to-fix/
330•TobiasBerg•22h ago•404 comments
Open in hackernews

72% of the dollar's purchasing power was destroyed in just four episodes

https://eco3min.fr/en/us-inflation-is-not-linear/
159•latentframe•2h ago

Comments

latentframe•2h ago
I compiled 1,357 monthly CPI observations from 1913 to 2026 (BLS data via FRED). The common narrative is that inflation slowly erodes purchasing power over time. The data tells a different story. Four concentrated episodes — WWI, WWII/post-war, the Great Inflation (1968–82), and post-COVID — account for 72% of total cumulative price increase, despite spanning only 29% of the time period. The dataset includes regime classification, episode tagging, and a decomposition analysis. Full CSV available for download.
SpicyLemonZest•1h ago
I'm not really convinced this data falsifies the narrative of a slow erosion. It's just the Pareto principle in action. I bet if you graphed the erosion of a hill you'd see the same pattern.
steveBK123•1h ago
Slowly and then all at once, as they say
golemotron•1h ago
The Gompertz function strikes again.
soperj•18m ago
I thought that was Hemingway specifically?
latentframe•1h ago
Fair point on Pareto distributions. The distinction I'd draw is that these aren't random clusters — they map to specific policy regimes (wartime monetization, oil shocks + Fed accommodation, post-COVID fiscal expansion). The concentration isn't statistical noise, it's identifiable macro episodes. The dataset tags each month by regime if you want to dig in.
SpicyLemonZest•1h ago
Dead internet theory really is in overdrive, huh.
Imustaskforhelp•14m ago
It truly is.

Nowadays, the Dead internet theory isn't even trying to hide it, its so blatant nowadays.

hyperpape•1h ago
Why didn't you use log-scale? It seems like the obvious call.
windenntw•1h ago
IMO the first graph would make a lot more sense when plotted in log scale.

Also this way of framing "As of February 2026, the US dollar has lost 96.9% of its purchasing power relative to January 1914. This means that $100 in 1914 would buy only approximately $3.05 worth of goods today" is of course math-correct but difficult to understand intuitively.

I think it makes more sense to explain it in the opposite direction or in both directions: "$100 in 1914 would buy only approximately $3.05 worth of goods today, or equivalently, $100 in 1914 is worth ~ $3278 nowdays (because 100 / 3.05 ~= 32.78 "

This also makes it easier to understand that the term "millionaire == person that has 1 million USD" only makes sense around 1914, because the equivalent amount of wealth nowdays would be "millionaire == person that has 32 million USD"

Anyways, I liked a lot this visualization https://mlde8o0xa4ew.i.optimole.com/cb:VNTn.d9a/w:auto/h:aut... that visualizes the compression in time of the big value changes.

RobotToaster•1h ago
Also if you had that $100 in 1914 dollar coins it would actually be worth $5,400 in silver.

If you had $100 in 1914 $10 coins you would have $24,800 in gold.

gruez•1h ago
>Anyways, I liked a lot this visualization https://mlde8o0xa4ew.i.optimole.com/cb:VNTn.d9a/w:auto/h:aut... that visualizes the compression in time of the big value changes.

It's still a bad chart because of the "the great inflation destroyed more value than both world wars combined" claim, for two reasons:

1. It's not clear (from the chart at least), that the claim is true. 20.0% + 18.1% = 38.1%, greater than 30.2%, but the quote claims otherwise. True, the red and orange segments cover more than just ww1 and ww2, but if more granular data is available why not show it?

2. "destroyed more value" might be technically true if we define "value destroyed = inflation", but it's a non-intuitive definition to use. If you asked someone about the value destroyed in ww1/ww2, they'll talk about europe being bombed out, not higher inflation.

post-it•1h ago
Pretty close to the 80/20 rule of thumb.
hcolomb•55m ago
This is very obviously an AI generated comment which is against the guidelines.
senderista•52m ago
Take my downvote, clanker.
turtlesdown11•48m ago
Really not interesting analysis. Four "concentrated episodes" totaling 30 years, hardly "concentrated episodes", especially when you have a "concentrated episode" that lasts for fifteen years. It's extremely unsurprising there are periods of inflationary growth that's higher, and some lower.
p1esk•1h ago
How about other currencies?
latentframe•1h ago
Only USD for now. Would be interesting to compare — especially currencies that went through hyperinflation episodes.
milesskorpen•1h ago
1950-1985 and 1985-now are pretty steady. Decreased inflation volatility over time.

I think your chart shows the "that inflation slowly erodes purchasing power over time." That doesn't mean there aren't periods of change - if you study economic history at all you know about the Great Depression and stagflation - but for ~50 years it's been pretty well managed.

anonymous_sorry•1h ago
The cumulative duration of these four episodes looks to be about 30 years, so about a quarter of the total time period looked at

Interesting, but not quite as dramatic as I assumed from the title.

mkagenius•1h ago
Has to be taken in light of median income too right?
bubbleRefuge•1h ago
so long and income exceeds or keeps up with inflation growth, it doesn't matter
6510•1h ago
Right, then: 1910 normal salary was 200-400 (say 300), if 97% of value of the dollar was lost in 2026 the normal salary should be 6666 - 13333 (say $10 000)
znnajdla•1h ago
This supports my hunch that the current Iran war creates a lethal trifecta that could potentially cause a dollar collapse. 1. Massive military overspend. 2. Petrodollar squeeze (Strait of Hormuz). 3. Allies pulling out: Europe and the Gulf diversifying both their investments and defense purchases.

#1 creates oversupply of dollars and #2 and #3 lower demand. This study supports the idea that wars can indeed destroy purchasing power.

engineer_22•1h ago
It could also be a play to squeeze China or similar nation dependent on middle east oil. USA semicon production not ready, if there were signals that China was ready for a play on Taiwan maybe this is a gambit to buy some time.
znnajdla•1h ago
That would be a double whammy for America then: a devalued dollar and higher oil prices. Both cause inflation.

China doesn’t seem to be squeezed when they seem to have a deal with Iran to buy in yuan.

dboreham•1h ago
Quick note that "devalued dollar" is inflation, not a cause of inflation.
joshuaissac•25m ago
Inflation is about what goes on inside the country. So you can have inflation internally while the domestic currency strengthens against foreign currencies, and vice versa.

If your currency is falling against foreign currencies but prices are also dropping domestically, you get deflation. This was happening in China a couple of years ago, and they were exporting this deflation to other countries.

thisislife2•1h ago
Is China really dependent on middle-east oil? I read that they had been diversifying in preparation for an energy resource fight for some time now. For example, they've massively invested in Solar power generation, are building a 300-400 billion dollar gas pipeline from Russia, already buy a lot of oil to from Russia, and also purchased from Venezuela (thoguh how that's going now is anybody's guess). They also have a good relationship with most of the players in the middle-east and helped repair ties between the Saudis and the Iranians.
Icko•53m ago
I saw an article that went really into depth - basically oil has huge diversity, and they really wanted Venezuelan oil:

https://open.substack.com/pub/endtropy/p/trumps-enormous-c-l...

unstatusthequo•1h ago
I think the idea is crash the stock market to force interest rate drop to refinance the massive debt.
senderista•55m ago
Huh? Wouldn't bond yields go up if stocks went down?
kingleopold•45m ago
yess and real final episode will be fed printing into that high bond yield, after that it's just full fun :) especially for all boomers.
mulmen•35m ago
It doesn’t have to make sense to be the plan.
bloppe•30m ago
That's not how bonds work
thisislife2•1h ago
Iran is also playing its own Uno card here by saying that it would consider allowing some oil and gas shipments through the Strait if they have been bought with Chinese Yuan, than the US dollar. ( The Islamic Republic may grant safe passage to oil tankers if the cargo is traded in Chinese yuan - https://www.lbc.co.uk/article/iran-allow-chinese-ships-hormu... ).
d3ckard•1h ago
This is particularly funny if you consider petrodollar to be a bad deal for US, not a good one. Ironically, if yuan becomes new petroleum currency, it might hurt Chinese long term.
high_na_euv•1h ago
Why?
tharmas•1h ago
>Ironically, if yuan becomes new petroleum currency, it might hurt Chinese long term.

Agreed. Which is why the Chinese do NOT want their currency to become the Petrodollar or world's reserve currency. They know that that is what destroyed US Manufacturing. China wants to maintain their manufacturing dominance. They've seen what de-industrialization has done to the US.

CrzyLngPwd•55m ago
https://www.ft.com/content/c948b978-c22b-44b7-ba3d-4798e641e...
ImJamal•45m ago
How are you connecting the petrodollar and US manufacturing? US manufacturing was destroyed because companies closed their factories in the US and used factories in China because labor was cheaper and they were less regulated.
lvass•40m ago
Because it increases US workers relative (to other countries) wage. Though with current automation levels this may be a lesser problem.
mekdoonggi•31m ago
Petrodollar creates demand for dollars. This is demand that no other currency gets. That's why US production is expensive vs other countries. China labor is cheaper and it is less regulated, but the petrodollar exacerbates the problem.
vincnetas•50m ago
long term in a sense of centuries? i think they can afford this.
cjbgkagh•47m ago
The petrodollar confers a huge advantage to the US, which is the whole point of it. It soaks up liquidity and allows the US to export inflation which allows it to be in the insanely profitable business of printing money. An argument could be made that this is corrupting and economically distorting to society resulting in a net negative but there is no guarantee that the same corruption would undermine China in a timely manner. I think the effect would be rather muted provided that the US remains world hegemon but if the US would lose the petrodollar and credible force projection at the same time we will shift from the current looting stages of collapse to the free for all stage of collapse. Or put another way, from a managed decline to an unmanaged decline.
FpUser•45m ago
Or not. It depends on policies other than just being reserved currency
maxglute•37m ago
Petro-yuan =/= reserve currency.

USD reserve = print USD for everything liquidity to sustain debt financed existence where Triffin hollows out industry, and financialize everything because having stupid amount of liquidity incentivizes certain behaviors.

Petro-yuan = PRC gives swap lines to trusted partners to buy oil denominated in yuan in exchange for things like resources. Hormuz ships ~1 trillion USD worth energy that needs "swapping" - incidentally PRC imports around ~2-3 trillion, more than enough to cover.

So think petro-yuan = PRC gives trusted countries with resources that PRC bonds credit lines to buy yuan denominated energy (possibly at discount), in return they guarantee PRC resources or other commercial/geopolitical arrangements. It will be narrow, not like USD brrrting reserves.

This benefits PRC because get to have leverage over "need" transactions (countries need energy to survive, it's no negotiate) while US keeps supporting "want" transactions by reserve debt servicing blackhole that US cannot extricate itself from until it debases / technical defaults. PRC best game plan is... assume privileged part of exorbitant privilege, while leaving US the exorbitant.

kasey_junk•15m ago
The problem with that plan is that no one wants to trade hard commodities for a currency that can’t be spent. One part of the dollars appeal is that it spends the world over. The sanctioned countries frequently have more liberal access to dollars than to unsanctioned yuan.

So no one is going to take up a lot of yuan trade unless that changes or they are forced to.

But that puts China in a bind. Liberalizing their currency is going to require very careful and slow actions, China threads this needle now in a very fraught way. If they openly start trading oil at any real size in yuan that will break their peg as you’ll be able to trade through the oil markets.

This is the main reason there isn’t more petro yuan already, it’s bad for China.

fakedang•11m ago
You can buy from China though. And China is the largest import trading partner for the majority of countries in the world. They literally don't need to do anything to prop up a "petro-yuan".
triceratops•2m ago
> a currency that can’t be spent

You can spend it in China, right?

johnmaguire•53m ago
I've never heard the expression "to play one's Uno card." Is this a play on "to play one's Trump card"? I can understand why this phrasing could cause confusion, but want to make sure I'm not missing something.
lostlogin•44m ago
In Uno, you're supposed to say ‘Uno’ as you play your second to last card (indicating you are close to winning).
prox•39m ago
I think the internet use is usually “reverse uno (card)” which means the tables are being turned, aka what you tried is being reflected back at you.
anal_reactor•19m ago
I really don't think that HN would ace a card game knowledge test.
noboostforyou•39m ago
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/uno-reverse-card

Trump attacked Iran thinking that this would somehow be good for the US, except it's weakening the petrodollar because it's pushed Iran to simply accept Yuan for oil.

leche•1h ago
One of the goals of the Heritage Foundation is a weak dollar. They believe they can bring manufacturing back to the US this way. I don't think they're right. I do think they will continue weakening the dollar.
skywhopper•55m ago
The bigger question is, why is that even the primary goal?
leche•50m ago
Because Conservative politics is about returning to a past that often can no longer exist.
sheikhnbake•46m ago
Or didn't exist to begin with. All too often mythologized into an absurd caricature of the past.
tmountain•45m ago
Actually, a past that never existed. It's pretty typically for authoritarian regimes to create idealized versions of the past as they attempt to rewrite history to better fit with their talking points and agendas.
gruez•42m ago
I didn't realize that such causes like 90+% income taxes, lower income inequality, single earner households, and high unionization rates are "conservative" too.
CamperBob2•13m ago
No one actually paid 90% income taxes. I wish that myth would go away.
bumby•41m ago
I believe the idea is to support the “real” economy vs a “paper” economy. The “real” economy manufactures stuff in meat space instead of making value through abstractions like financial derivatives. The real economies are tied to a stronger middle class and national security. That’s the thesis as I understand it.
roncesvalles•33m ago
I'll dig down 3 levels of "why".

The endemic anti-intellectualism among white communities (especially rural and southern) has resulted in a steady decline of white people in well-paying professions in America. If you count the Jewish as a separate group, white people are likely a minority in corporate America. Combined with social upliftment of other groups ("wokism") and the opioid crisis (that has disproportionately affected hinterland communities but immigrant groups seem immune to), white people are sliding down the American totem pole. Trumpism, alt-right, anti-woke, and the general resurgence of racist rhetoric are basically just reactions to all this.

These people want manufacturing because manufacturing is largely considered a "white people sport". If America becomes a manufacturing-first society, the hope is that it puts white people at the front and center of American society again.

HoldOnAMinute•12m ago
At my FAANG in Sunnyvale, I often feel like the last white guy on earth.

But I don't resent the people who stepped up to fill the jobs.

Rather, I am disappointed that these amazing jobs were basically gifted to US residents, but my fellow white people "Opted Out" of these high paying jobs.

vkou•28m ago
It's not, they don't give two shits about workers, and their masters don't care how they make their money, just that they make it.

Manufacturing is just their preferred lie to get otherwise intelligent people to support their insanity.

gadflyinyoureye•24m ago
The United States is current getting the base material for its entire economy from a country that is openly at war with it: China. If the US attacked East Tiawan because East Tiawan attacked Taiwan, East Tiawan would simply stop exporting rare earths, silver, steel, and electronics to the US. As a result the US needs to manufacture at home. So too does the EU.
marcosdumay•48m ago
They are right on that. What they are wrong is when they decided that is a good thing.

Not every kind of "bringing manufacturing back" brings the same kind of wealth and quality of life.

fmbb•43m ago
Wealth is relative.

And the Heritage Foundation is not in the business of improving quality of life for everyone, or even the average American.

cheema33•44m ago
> One of the goals of the Heritage Foundation is a weak dollar. They believe they can bring manufacturing back to the US this way.

Only cheap labor can bring manufacturing back to the US. Are Americans willing to work in factories for the same wages as the Chinese and Indians? I don't see it happening.

amelius•25m ago
With a weak dollar, those wages will be more equal.
margalabargala•22m ago
> Are Americans willing to work in factories for the same wages as the Chinese and Indians? I don't see it happening.

Create enough poverty and soon people will be willing to do an awful lot of things.

delusional•22m ago
I don't think they are going to ask.
nradov•15m ago
Cheap labor wouldn't necessarily bring manufacturing back to the USA. Over time much of the labor can potentially be automated. But environmental and zoning rules effectively ban entire industries such as metal casting. If we want those industries back then we'll need a major realignment of public policy that goes beyond just labor.
devsda•10m ago
What if the "same wage" as Chinese/Indians nets you close to the same basic necessities and purchasing power as those countries.
vessenes•3m ago
That is the point of cheapening the dollar, BTW. The local wages can stay 'high' dollar denominated, but the euro-denominated value of those wages drops. It was for some time the strategy of the Chinese central bank; you can keep export good costs low by controlling your currency to weaker. The trick is to do that while everyone is paying you for your stuff.
preommr•48m ago
> Europe and the Gulf diversifying both their investments and defense purchases.

With what? The euro, yuan? Or weapons from france?

I hate to admit it, but it's much less that the US is great because it's the reserve currency, and much more that the world reserve currency is the dollar because the US is what it is.

Weapons are expensive, and it only makes sense to buy them from a country that specializes in them. And a country that makes weapons at huge scale is likely to be big enough tilt the direction of the country to be all the ugly things the modern US military industrial complex is.

fwipsy•43m ago
I'm having trouble reconciling this comment with reports that US stockpiles are already being depleted by the Iran war. At this point the US weapons production seems relatively specialized and inefficient, not "huge scale." Someone more informed care to weigh in?
znnajdla•19m ago
The US is defaulting on military orders to Europe and Germany just announced a 1 trillion euro rearmament plan. Europe is manufacturing big time. The Gulf states as of yesterday are now buying from Ukraine for fucks sake.
Gud•18m ago
Weapons are only expensive if you want them to be expensive.

Ukraine are butchering Russians for 870 USD per dead soldier.

The USA has the most expensive weapons in the world, the problem is that much of it is obsolete.

kingleopold•47m ago
anyone who sees this are early early early, yes it's very likely to happen, probabilistically.
raincole•43m ago
You should check your hunch against the reality, at least periodically. The US dollar has strengthened since the current US-Iran conflict started.
znnajdla•29m ago
I have checked. It’s too early to tell but anyway relative price is not what matters. What matters is purchasing power. EUR purchasing power was better and improving compared to USD. And check out interest rate derivatives — the euro has actually overtaken the dollar as the #1 currency in this massive market.
roncesvalles•10m ago
Purchasing power for what? Consumer goods? Most purchasing power calculations are completely bogus because they rarely compare goods of equal quality.
dandanua•42m ago
It is by design. How else can you make trillionaires?
whynotmaybe•31m ago
Zimbabwe did make a 100 trillion note.
roncesvalles•41m ago
#1: US military war spending concerns are largely overblown. It's expending what it already has. The spending is mostly on its own internal industry i.e. the US economy (with due respect to broken window fallacy). It arguably makes it all back from the increase in oil prices.

It's a very different thing to fire a $5m missile that you imported vs one that you made domestically with all-domestic components and labor.

johnthedebs•40m ago
Just noting: it's interesting to see the term "lethal trifecta" used here given the relatively recent coinage relating to LLM security: https://simonwillison.net/2025/Jun/16/the-lethal-trifecta/
DeathArrow•17m ago
Add the fact that some countries are using other currencies to trade oil and goods.

Also, some countries started to use other systems beside SWIFT to transfer money.

gwbas1c•1h ago
> Instead, $100 in 1914 is worth $3.05 today.

Doesn't that mean $3.05 in 1914 us worth $100 today?

stavros•1h ago
Yeah, they must have gotten it the wrong way around.
win311fwg•1h ago
Both are valid, depending on perspective. The joy of English.
silisili•49m ago
I'm having trouble coming up with a valid use case of the way it's written, mind sharing?
kogus•1h ago
I'm pretty sure you are right. Or to emphasize the devaluation, "$100 today would be worth only $3.05 in 1914."

I think it is astonishing that we accept that in a best case scenario of sustained 2% inflation, we are literally planning for the value of the dollar to be cut in half every 36 years.

empthought•1h ago
Dollars that people hold onto, instead of using to purchase something else of value, are effectively worthless to everyone.
ramesh31•1h ago
>I think it is astonishing that we accept that in a best case scenario of sustained 2% inflation, we are literally planning for the value of the dollar to be cut in half every 36 years.

Our system is designed to encourage asset ownership, not cash saving. If you stuff it under a mattress for 36 years, yeah you'll get fleeced. But buying assets is the way to keep up; an investment of $100 in the S&P500 in 1990 and never touched would be worth $4,120.93 today.

eykanal•1h ago
The purchasing power of $3.05 in 1914 would require $100 in today's time. A bag of "stuff" worth $100 today could have been purchased for $3.05 in 1914.

Technically, it does mean that $3.05 from 1914 is worth $100 today, but that's not a useful way of thinking about this. I.e., if your great-grandfather put $3.05 in an envelope in 1914 and you opened it today, it's still $3.05 worth of money (ignoring wheat pennies being a collectors items and whatnot).

tines•1h ago
Why do wars tend to devalue the dollar?
NoraCodes•1h ago
The government issues a lot of money to pay for the war but doesn't tend to increase taxes enough to make up for it, so inflation is high.
moralestapia•1h ago
(Guess)

A lot of money is printed.

Also, war is not an activity that generates wealth (but to some it does, obviously).

betaby•1h ago
Money printing and expensive bonds?
kelseyfrog•1h ago
Wars usually involve the destruction of assets. If the same amount of money chases fewer assets, the money has less value.
elictronic•1h ago
Weapons cost ALOT and do very little to increase the future economy.

It's the issue Russia is facing right now in Ukraine. Even if Putin wanted to stop, his economy has turned entirely wartime, when it ends the country crashes on itself.

t-3•1h ago
In addition to the already-stated causes of government issuing currency necessary to meet war spending and the fact that war spending produces destruction of economic capability rather than development, wars tend to introduce trade barriers and divert resources away from productive tasks. Whether barriers are legal (tariffs, embargoes), or simply higher premiums due to increased risk, less trade happens, which raises prices (inflation). Economists also really hate number-go-down even when down is good, so policy is oriented towards making sure deflation never gets a chance in the interwar development periods.
kmeisthax•1h ago
Only half of the incidents listed were actually full-scale wars (WWI and II). The other two incidents are an oil shock and a pandemic.

The commonality between all four of these incidents is that they correspond to severe supply shocks:

- During WWI and WWII, industrial supply was rerouted by force to the war effort, leaving normal consumer demand unfulfilled.

- During the oil crisis of the 70s, a critical energy input to the American economy massively increased in price due to sanctions placed on America.

- During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant chunk of workers were paid not to work, as a form of deliberate supply destruction to avoid the spread of a novel coronavirus.

In a "normal" economy, supply is flexible enough that you can print money and nobody even notices. The supply curve is smooth and gradual, so prices only rise a little. When supply is constrained, however, prices rise to whatever value is necessary to curtail demand, because they have to. The supply curve is a brick wall.

latenode•1h ago
The scary part is not the number. It is that most people living through it barely noticed while it was happening.
jawns•1h ago
Another way to frame this is that during inflationary episodes, debt became easier to repay.

My parents bought a house in the 1970s. Because of the inflation that occurred during that time, incomes and expenses rose, yet long-term debt obligations such as fixed mortgages remained unchanged; their mortgage payment was the same in year 30 as in year 1.

I guess another way to say it is that during an inflationary period, the people who HAVE money suffer the loss of its purchasing power. But the people who OWE money benefit from the dollar not being what it used to be.

alright2565•1h ago
This article over and over describes inflation as a tax or destruction, without backing those claims up. It would be a much stronger article if it focused on the main point rather than having it interspersed with the author's personal opinion of changes in the denominator of a fraction.
latentframe•1h ago
Fair — the framing leans editorial in places. The core dataset and decomposition are the substance, the narrative around it could be tighter. Appreciate the feedback.
senderista•49m ago
Mods, can we please remove this and other obviously AI-generated comments from this account?
uticus•1h ago
> This article over and over describes inflation as a tax or destruction, without backing those claims up...

C'mon. Whether you agree or not, any time spent in the field will expose you to this philosophy. If you disagree, ignore. There's no need to go through implicit ideas.

probablypower•1h ago
This study doesn't correct for baseline exponential decay due to inflation, to better highlight the meaningful variations. By comparing based on 1914 dollars it also causes old variations to be relatively more extreme and newer inflationary events to look less extreme. You must compare apples to apples.

Finally the events are quite cherry-picked. It is a conclusion looking for a result, when the statistical reason for choosing those 4 events simply isn't evident when you look at the data itself. There is no mathematical rule you could apply to your dataset that would distinctly highlight those 4 periods.

abetusk•18m ago
I think this graph shows the "apples to apples" comparison:

https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1800?amount=1

Doing a spot check, this means $1 in in 1913 is equivalent to roughly $32.83 today.

vessenes•5m ago
Yes, a log chart would be better. That said, apples cannot be compared in this case; probably very few of us would choose to go back to 1914. A Tesla model Y would cost $1,680 in 1901 dollars, but would have been worth millions of those same 1901 dollars. Or nothing, depending on how much charging tech you could fit in the frunk. Many quality of life items are not covered by PPP (or money supply or other measures) adjustments.
cperciva•1h ago
Note that most of this period falls before the modern inflation target was established in 1995. In the past 30 years we've had 75% accumulated annual inflation (aka prices have increased be a factor of exp(0.75) = 2.1) of which 16% (aka 21% of the total) took place during an inflation excursion (which lasted 2.5 years aka 8% of the total time period).

If anything the data points at "inflation targeting works and is producing slow and steady inflation" rather than "inflation comes in concentrated bursts".

raincole•1h ago
The devaluation also mostly happened during the periods that everyone calls good old times now.
trgn•52m ago
there was wage growth
tmountain•40m ago
Yeah, didn't people used to make like $10/week as the median wage at the turn of the 20th century? I agree that we have big problems now, but I feel like this analysis is deeply flawed without the inclusion of wage data.
zer00eyz•4m ago
Wage data, population growth, overall consumption, credit (and guarantees against it) are all drivers of inflation.

Look at student loans vs the cost of college:

1958: Federal program to encourage science and engineering. 1976: Remove restrictions on bankruptcy dismissal of this debt. 2005: Same rules for private loans.

Today college has a (as someone here so eloquently put it) a cruise ship ascetic, and has far more "administration" than "eduction" in terms of raw staff.

Tv went from an expensive box (fixed cost) to cable (monthly fee) to on demand programing (several monthly fees, and with ad's).

A phone used to be a single item in your house with a monthly fee. It was an item so durable that you could beat a robber with it and still call the police (see old att, black rotary phone). Now its an item per person in a household, that you can easily loose, might break if you drop it, and costs any where from 200 to 1500 dollars.

None of this is inflation in the traditional sense, but it does impact the velocity of all money in the system, and puts pressure on individual spending in a way that isnt even accounted for in this chart.

I wont even get started on housing, but I will leave this chart behind and ask those who care to point to the housing crisis on it: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N

marcosdumay•51m ago
Hum... I don't think people refer to the world wars as good times.

Out of them, there's one single interval that most people that talk about it refer as "the end of the good times" (but yeah, I've seen people refer as good times too) and the COVID pandemic.

joelwilliamson•37m ago
Who calls WWI, stagflation or Covid good old times? Only the post-WWII boom was really a good time.
cyanydeez•55m ago
I believe the broader reason for an inflation target is to increase the value of "doing something" as opposed to "doing nothing" with money. Of course, like most policies, this acts on people with way too much of it and skews the perception of control and locus of control to those entities with too much.
siruwastaken•46m ago
Not to reply against you, just to add clarification. This is the reason why a slightly positive inflation rate is normally targeted. Theoretically, it would be entirely possible to target 0% inflation, but then you are so close to possible deflation, that most people would simply save up money instead of buying things from the economy.
FpUser•34m ago
>"that most people would simply save up money instead of buying things from the economy."

And making it not an option leads to the situations where rich buy assets that are only go up and become richer. Average Joe meanwhile does not own assets and gets poorer and poorer

PowerElectronix•42m ago
That's a bit of falacy. If inflation target were 0%, people would still have an oportunity cost of doing nothing compared to deposits, bonds and other "zero risk" investments. You just stop punishing people that has their wealth in form of cash savings.

2% is an arbitrary number that just looks good and seems to work. The issue is that that target is very much not set into stone, as central banks often disregard or take too long to take action when inflation shoots up. And never, ever do they try to compensate afterwards with a lower target for a time.

You can have a government spend way beyond its income making inflation spike, eroding their own debt at the cost of cash savings purchase power and the central bank just sit put and wait until inflation runs too hot to then increase rates that then cut way before inflation is on target. As we are having right now in basically every country on earth.

AndrewKemendo•1h ago
> The Great Inflation of 1968–1982 alone accounts for 30.2% of all cumulative purchasing power destruction since 1914 — more than WWI and WWII combined. During this 15-year period, the CPI rose from 34.1 to 97.7, nearly tripling the price level.

In 1971, the United States ended the convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively bringing the Bretton Woods system to an end and rendering the dollar a fiat currency.

This allowed for the global reserve currency to float which allowed for global credit expansion at the cost of the dollar value but with the benefit of more overall dollars (monetary velocity increasing)

This is what politicians want because it makes the dollar printing machine the most powerful thing, hence why everyone hung on the fedchair words every few months.

So the USD is already hyperinflated but the price relative to other currencies is still high.

Once that price collapses (and it eventually will and increasingly soon) the entire US will look like the rust belt.

bloppe•1h ago
The graph should really use a log scale. At this point, a 50% drop in value would look tiny on that graph with the linear scale.
skywhopper•57m ago
This is a bizarre framing that totally misunderstands inflation, money, and macroeconomics.
WarmWash•54m ago
The value of the dollar over time is largely meaningless unless you are a dollar investor (i.e. sit on lots of cash in consumer tier bank accounts). Generally once you have enough cash that this would meaningfully impact you, you are already beyond sitting on cash.

At the end of the day, the dollar or any other currency, is just a conversion tool for [value created] to [goods/services received]. A ratio of 3/1 is equivalent to a ratio of 300/100, even if 3 and 1 are 99% smaller than 300 and 100. The numerator and denominator can move out of sync, creating periods of strain and arbitrage while they equilibrate, but what really matters is how much xyz you get per hour of work at job abc. And overwhelmingly we are leagues beyond 1914 in that regard.

mothballed•48m ago
It's meaningful because you pay capital gains on nominal increase in dollar value even if there is no real change in value. Inflation is thus a tax on realized non-gains at roughly 1/5th the cumulative inflation.
arkensaw•52m ago
I'm trying to read this and not feel like an idiot.

Can someone explain to me how post-covid is considered one of the 4 episodes?

it looks to me that the dips at 1933-1936 or 1956-1958 are much more significant - are these just "regular" inflation? Are we ignoring these because we can't tie them to some specific current event?

raincole•48m ago
Appeal to readers' recency bias. Covid is the most recent big change for the readers so the article has to make it more significant than it actually was. If it only talked about things happened <40years people would be 'so what?' and bounce out.
hardlianotion•47m ago
I think probably the interest rate is higher, but the value as a proportion of the starting value on LHS is less significant, compared with the periods you mention. If you look at the monthly interest rates at the bottom, it seems to support this notion.
kingleopold•39m ago
money supply increased more than all those during the covid.
d--b•48m ago
They make it sound like it’s a bad thing.
chistev•46m ago
What inspired Trump to do this? The Epstein files?
twodave•40m ago
The only thing sadder than AI-generated comments on human articles is human comments on AI-generated articles.
kilroy123•35m ago
To big ones:

https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/

https://wtfhappened2012.com/

mothballed•30m ago
The most notable anomalous event if you zoom back to more like 1814 instead of 1914 is that ever since the US completely decoupled from the gold standard, it switched into purely inflationary mode rather than often bouncing back. From the 1800-1900 pretty much the entire time was spent at worst 1/2 to 2x the average value. Far less variance than after the introduction of federal reserve and taking off the gold standard, where purchasing power was destroyed to something like <1/10th of the century average.
aglavine•29m ago
Fiscal deficit. That is the main reason by far of Dollar's destruction. Everything else is wrong or over-thinking.
hackthemack•25m ago
"By a continuing process of inflation, government can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens." -- John Maynard Keynes
Booktrope•20m ago
Whoever wrote this article seems to think a strong dollar is fundamental to a strong economy. But, notice where it is on this timeline the only prolonged strengthening of the dollar that shows up. Yep, you've got it, the depth of the great depression. And, notice where the WWII and postwar weakening of the dollar led -- that's right, to in many ways the most prosperous economy the world has ever seen.

Because we try to figure out how things like "strengthening" and "weakening" of the dollar fit in, and we actually have policies much more intelligent than, weaking of the dollar! Collapse is imminent!

hintymad•17m ago
And a strong currency usually means weak manufacturing. And I don't know how a country can be strong without a solid manufacturing sector. Like, when we a war breaks out, we ask our enemies to sell us components and medical key ingredients?
fakedang•14m ago
Didn't know Switzerland was a "weak" manufacturer (currently one of the strongest currencies there is, also in wide use).
iso1631•13m ago
If you aren't self-sufficient in energy, food, and to a lesser extent raw materials, a weak currency means everything is expensive.
danesparza•6m ago
Why don't they refer to the 3rd 'episode' as Vietnam - since the timeline lines up pretty nicely with that downward slope (and it's more than just the 70's as is highlighted in the article)?

If seeing this graph has taught me anything it's that war is hell on many levels - including economically.

This article also doesn't seem to account for the median price of a single family home.

renewiltord•3m ago
You can pick arbitrary points and stick them on the graph. It appears that my family are the inflation stoppers. Calm periods correspond to weddings and childbirths in my family. As the first in the line to marry a Chinese person, I have broken the rule and my daughter’s arrival has triggered a dollar collapse.

The moon gods have spoken in the tea leaves and we have lost the Mandate of Heaven.