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Hardware Attestation as Monopoly Enabler

https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/116550899908879585
286•ChuckMcM•1h ago

Comments

ChuckMcM•1h ago
This is a really good thread on why this technology is becoming a problem for "open" anything. The argument "we can create our own separate web" is fine until all of your services are behind the web that locks you into owning a Google approved or Apple approved mobile device.
samplifier•1h ago
Are there enough of us to run our own country? It makes me feel dumb, but this is a serious question.
hnlmorg•57m ago
I’m not sure why you’re asking this question, but you can run a country as a population of 1 (ie just yourself) if you wanted.

The problem being raised isn’t due to the size of the country though. It’s the size of the company (ie Apple and Google)

voakbasda•56m ago
Where would you do that? Realistically, the question is one that cannot even be asked safely: are there enough of us to overthrow the existing systems and replace them with something better?

The answer to either question, really, is no. The powers that be have systematically implemented policies that keep us divided to prevent that eventual outcome.

otterley•50m ago
If you live in a democracy, you already do run your own country. Vote accordingly. Get involved in politics.
daishi55•49m ago
There are mountains of academic research showing that even in “democracies”, public opinion rarely translates into policy (by design).
zozbot234•41m ago
The problem with that argument is that there really is no such thing as public opinion at scale. You can poll people/the general public on just about any issue and the answers are going to differ massively depending on framing effects. In the end, it's hardly better than just flipping a coin.
marcosdumay•33m ago
Not much of a democracy...
Sh0000reZ•26m ago
https://www.nber.org/papers/w29766

Stop re-electing people.

Stop sitting at home projecting apathy and ennui in between WOW raids and rounds of LoL.

Mountains of evidence from history shows public has to stand up for itself, not lick boot.

Refuse to give the politicians and owner class assurances they too refuse to provide.

Most of them are old af and have no survival skills. They're reliant on the latest social memes, stock valuations not religious allegory, that are not immutable constants of physics.

Remind them physics is ageist and both physics and American society afford no assurances anyone has food and healthcare.

throw7•49m ago
We already have a republic. If we can keep it.
IdiotSavage•47m ago
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronation
riedel•45m ago
The question is rather: can political parties develop a vision beyond libertarian views or full state control on the other side.

I feel that we need a better political consensus on a free society that puts the monopoly of force in the hand of democratic legitimate forces. I currently feel that all digital violence lies in the hands of a few corporations. And at the same time there is politician that like this because they can through this proxy can indirectly execute control without any political legitimacy. Sorry, I do not believe in markets as guarantees for freedom. I have read too much dystopian sci-fi for that.

epistasis•33m ago
Who is the "us" in your question? Theoretically in democracies we should be able to decide this, if we aren't being distracted from real political questions with the culture war stuff that divides the public's attention and divides neighbors from each other.

Any new country will have these same issues, eventually, and probably a lot more that don't seem obvious on the surface.

Fighting against these sorts of monopolies seems far more likely if we can figure out what forces inside the EU and the US are driving these changes and find a way to educated the public, interest groups, and politicians about what's going on.

luckylion•1h ago
Wouldn't the argument be that you'd build separate copies of those services as well?

Granted, for banking or government-interactions that isn't feasible, but wouldn't it for many other things? It would likely be more expensive given that the work to build something still needs to be done and the cost is distributed among fewer shoulders and the lower complexity since you don't need to build ad-tech doesn't make up for that, but I suppose that's a bit like quality food.

Hardware will be more difficult.

skybrian•51m ago
Yes, it requires you to have an approved device for certain tasks.

But you can own multiple devices. You can use an approved device specifically for banking or Netflix and whatever device you like for all your other tasks. Maybe you could use an approved device (a Yubikey?) to authenticate your other devices?

Also, governments should be leaning on them to approve more devices.

Someone•47m ago
IMO, it would be better if they removed the claim “It doesn't provide a useful security feature” because, even if it does, the collateral damage of making non-Google, non-Apple OSes second class citizens remains, and that is the main problem.
thomastjeffery•15m ago
That's one of the two main claims made by in favor of hardware attestation; so it makes sense to argue against it. Of course, the other claim (that categories of people must be kept "safe" from categories of content) is more insidious, so it does deserve more attention.
saltcured•8m ago
And it didn't even take attestation to cause this absurd situation where many businesses or social groups were only reachable behind Facebook or Whatsapp or whatever.

To me this is such a bizarre cyberpunk dystopia. Like if we could only send letters and packages to people subscribed to the same private postal service, or drive on roads that had cross-licensing with our brand of car.

steelframe•8m ago
I like to ride my bicycle with my friends in rides organized by the (Pacific Northwest) Cascade Bicycle Club. They require that I solve a Google reCAPTCHA in order to register for a ride. Google is already completely locking me out from being able to do that. When I try to click on the squares to select whatever items it's asking, it indefinitely loops. When I try using the audio version, it completely blocks me from using it saying that there has been suspicious activity.

That means that I ride alone these days. I did not renew my membership this year.

The last time I experienced something like this was when Facebook starting being the only way to participate in certain events. Back when that happened, I simply counted myself as excluded and did other things with my time and money.

ls612•1h ago
Asymmetric cryptography and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. I’m not even joking all of the centralization of power and the rise of totalitarianism tech is driving is downstream from asymmetric cryptography.
lpcvoid•1h ago
I disagree, I think you cast the net way too wide. Asymmetric cryptography enables secure communication in the first place. It's being used nefariously by Google and Apple, of course, but that's to be expected from big tech.
ls612•52m ago
Isn’t the ability to create certificates guaranteed conceptually once you have asymmetric crypto? In that case there is no intermediate technology which allows key exchanges without also creating digital totalitarianism.
rossjudson•47m ago
Nefariously how?
microtonal•25m ago
Remote attestation also uses asymmetric cryptography. (Device-bound private key that can sign attestation challenges, a known public key that can verify that challenge was signed with the device-bound private key.)
grishka•1h ago
It's not asymmetric cryptography itself. It's the fact that it takes enormous resources to manufacture modern SoCs, such that the economy only makes sense if you're churning them out by millions at least. It's also the fact that they can't be modified after they've been manufactured.

It's basically those people who can manufacture chips having technological supremacy over the rest of the humanity.

ls612•51m ago
It doesn’t matter if you can produce SOCs if your hardware isn’t trusted.
grishka•19m ago
What if you can copy someone else's SoC including their keys?
ls612•9m ago
I guess read-only memory is another requirement but that is very old technology we have never had asymmetric cryptography without read only memory.
amarant•52m ago
FFS, cryptography is not the problem. How many times will we have to shut down that particular stupidity? Asymmetric cryptography is a corner stone of basically all online secure communications, and has been since before Google and apple were even founded as companies! (First invented in 1970)

When did Https ever hurt you? That's built on asymmetric cryptography. Wherever you see the word "secure" it's basically shorthand for asymmetric cryptography.

Https

Ssh

Sftp

E2ee

It's asymmetric cryptography all the way.

ls612•46m ago
Easy there I don’t want to take away your encrypted messaging. I’m just pointing out that the technology that enables it also enables the techno-totalitarianism we have been seeing rise since the mid 2010s
amarant•36m ago
>Easy there I don’t want to take away your encrypted messaging

Then stop trying to take away the technology it's built on

__MatrixMan__•7m ago
My introduction to asymmetric cryptography had to do with protecting myself from the authorities while buying drugs on the internet.

One of its first applications anywhere was protecting anti nuclear protestors from government provocateurs.

We could prevent so much fraud of we could only convince the credit card companies to start using it.

What you're noticing is not the leading edge of set of harms brought about by asymmetric cryptography, but rather the bad guys arriving late to the game and realizing that their enemy's sword has had two edges all this time.

rvz•1h ago
Well there you have it.

> Governments are increasingly mandating using Apple's App Attest and Google's Play Integrity for not only their own services but also commercial services. The EU is leading the charge of making these requirements for digital payments, ID, age verification, etc. Many EU government apps require them.

Even the "beloved" EU government is also in on it as well as banking apps are pushing for this too. They do not care about you and the so-called "Open Web" is already dead on arrival.

[0] https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/116551068177121365

bigyabai•1h ago
> They do not care about you

By "they" you mean FAANG and the FTC, right? Telling the EU to respect the Open Web does nothing to protect users if you continue to approve the export of attested hardware. America is deliberately abetting authoritarian schemes.

rvz•55m ago
> By "they" you mean FAANG and the FTC, right?

You might need to the sentence again since I was quite clear who I was talking about:

"EU government"

"banking apps"

...and everyone else who benefits from pushing "digital payments, ID, age verification, etc." that will use "Apple's App Attest and Google's Play Integrity" APIs.

It isn't that hard to understand.

grishka•1h ago
Our civilization desperately needs a method to modify modern microelectronics after manufacturing that can be used at least in a well-equipped repair shop, and it needs it yesterday.

Alternatively, just make it illegal to ship any kind of initial bootloader as part of a CPU's/SoC's mask ROM in any computing device that is marketed as a general-purpose one. I.e. the first instruction that the CPU executes after reset must come from a storage device that is physically external to the CPU package.

altairprime•1h ago
This won’t help; the SOC silicon can be revised to record each executed instruction from power-on until secure-boot handoff opcode, with various supporting opcodes to query status-of / overflow-of / signature-for so that the OS reports pre-boot tampering implicitly as part of developing its own attestations.
grishka•30m ago
Then also make it illegal for the SoC to contain any cryptographic key material.

My intention with this is to make sure that if someone were to desolder the flash chip and reprogram it, they could completely own the device without the device or SoC manufacturer having a say in it or a way to prevent or detect it.

altairprime•23m ago
Simpler to just make discrimination by hardware or software illegal than to legislate the silicon contents. That’s what everyone is upset about, after all: websites are gaining the ability to discriminate based on hardware-software with specific fidelity they never had before. If that was made unlawful, then you’d benefit billions of existing devices as well as future ones. The hard part is making the case that this sort of discrimination is worth fighting, but the John Deere lawsuits are (indirectly) further ahead on that point than the rest of tech is, weirdly enough.

Example: I’m perfectly fine with my Touch ID sensor having a crypto-paired link to my SOC so that someone can’t swap in a malware-sensor at a border checkpoint; I also don’t want my device (or websites) to be able to discriminate against me installing my own homemade sensor. What that looks like in practice is close to what we have now, but not quite there yet — and is definitely not ‘no crypto-pairing at all’, as a ban on key material would enforce.

dist-epoch•33m ago
> just make it illegal to ship any kind of initial bootloader

funny how you think the solution to people imposing their will on you is to impose your will on others

also, the solution you propose wouldn't work because signed firmware

grishka•27m ago
And what code will verify the signature of the initial bootloader? As far as I know, in every modern implementation of secure boot that is done by that very bootloader, which is burned into the CPU/SoC. I can imagine someone implementing some sort of fixed-function block to do that, but see my sibling reply about that.

Also, governments are supposed to act in the interest of people.

milutinovici•18m ago
It's called laws
mattmaroon•1h ago
So basically, ReCaptcha should be spun off into a not-for-profit.
acgourley•1h ago
It's so obvious to me states need to create a soul bound identity system, replace social security numbers with it, and then let everyone else use cryptography on top of that (which is now cheap when you don't care about sybil attacks) to do private stuff.
realusername•1h ago
The places you actually need an ID are so rare, I don't think it's worth it to build such a system (and no, porn or social network definitely aren't valid use cases).

It's a problem in search of a solution.

SilverElfin•55m ago
We also need liability. Every time someone’s data is lost, the company losing it must be held accountable. They owe us huge amounts of money, and executives + board members should be jailed. No free pass.

Let’s see then if they really want to collect all our information all the time. Right now, they take it and handle it irresponsibly because they’re free from consequences.

altairprime•50m ago
You just need to deploy auditable (source-available, reproducible-build, firmware checksums LCD on-chip) biometrics booths that generate private keys from normalized biometric inputs, and then use those ephemeral private keys to generate and sign portable identity keys. Most people have fingerprints and retina patterns and that’s twelve signatures on an identity alone, allowing for continuity across severe biometrics events like regrown fingertips etc.

A nonprofit business could do this if backed by all existing dotcom and bitcoin billionaires. But they’d all want to profit from it, so either non-profit (NGO) or governmental it is.

Fun fact: this is already a core function of USPS. They serve as an identity verification hub for both US passports and their informed delivery and PO box services. They just have a human-dependent process rather than an identity-generator booth. So they’d be perfectly positioned to take your ID, hand you an attestation request QR code, and get your identity-signatures on it — without being able to reverse-engineer your biometrics from those signatures, but still being able to detect gross variances when someone else tries to lie about being you in a future verification.

Anyways, none of this will likely ever happen, but the rich tech folks could make it happen at any time if they cared to. Instead we get THE ORB which is doing retinas as a for-profit without auditable artifacts or hardware. Sigh.

2OEH8eoCRo0•28m ago
My driver's license should have some anti-tamper identity proof that can do a challenge response. Or let me go pay a few bucks for an identity proof at the post office.

There must be a dozen other ways smarter people can think of but identity verification kills profits so the smart people don't work on them IMO. It's more profitable for social media to be an astroturfed shithole. It's more profitable to remove control of your PC.

hakfoo•6m ago
Social media in an ad economy serves two masters.

End users should be authenticated so you can prove you're selling real eyeballs in the demographic mix you claimed to marketers and to provide lip service for the 'think of the children' regulators.

But anyone who's paying for ads should have as little friction as possible to dropping money and spewing garbage.

I'm surprised nobody is looking at some sort of "corporations are people" angle here-- we've attested the device ownership, but it's owned by the Lorem Ipsum Corporation, which is a legal/demographic dead end and spawned just long enough to buy the device.

kcb•18m ago
Any system mandated by the government will have a backdoor to deanonymize users. Nothing would convince me otherwise.
rasengan•1h ago
I agree hw attestation is net negative when forced upon end users. OTOH, when service providers use it, it results in transparency to end users [1] so it's really about how it is used.

[1] https://bmail.ag/verify

CharlesW•1h ago
The thread is a bit vague. Am I understanding correctly that GrapheneOS Foundation's objection isn't to attestation per se, but that they can't participate in Google-controlled attestation APIs? In other words, although GrapheneOS can be cryptographically attested, apps using Google Play Integrity won’t accept it because it isn't Google-certified/GMS-licensed?
zb3•52m ago
It's a different thing if banking/government apps require a device certified for security, and a different thing if this certification certifies that the user's device has Google spyware preinstalled with elevated privileges..

Google doesn't certify devices basing on security, so that kind of attestation should have no place in banking/government apps, otherwise it just enforces the duopoly

aaronmdjones•50m ago
> Am I understanding correctly that [...]

What I took away from the thread is that they're against services forcing attestation in general, and also pointing out that Play Integrity isn't about security, but rather about control, because Google could trivially make it work with GrapheneOS (which is more secure than any other Android OS on the market) but they won't.

CharlesW•45m ago
> …Google could trivially make it work with GrapheneOS (which is more secure than any other Android OS on the market) but they won't.

But if Google did support third-party attestation, would the GrapheneOS Foundation be happy? Most of the thread seems to be a call for attestation to die, which feels impractical and unachievable. But "Google could use it to permit GrapheneOS for Play Integrity if that was actually about security" seems to be the real ask, and that seems reasonable and achievable. If that's true, I think it would’ve been more effective to lead with that and focus on it.

microtonal•35m ago
Why should Google decide which devices are safe enough to pass remote attestation? Seems to me that if we want this at all, it should be an independent body that approves signing keys of vetted vendors (e.g. vendors roll out security updates timely, etc.).

As long as this is in Google's hands, they can abuse it to control the market.

That said, Play Integrity accepting GrapheneOS would be a step forward, but they will never do it, because then other vendors might also want to pass attestation without preloading Google apps.

thomastjeffery•26m ago
No. That would be a relatively better circumstance, but we would still have the root problem.

> Most of the thread seems to be a call for attestation to die, which feels impractical and unachievable.

I disagree, and I expect GrapheneOS devs do, too. Hardware attestation is a new thing, that isn't even really here yet. It absolutely can and should meet its demise.

izacus•45m ago
There's a thread awhile back where there were VERY angry at someone trying to setup their own attestation project database (essentially a list of known Android builds and their signatures).

They want apps to add their signing hashes manually just for them and don't want to join projects that would aggregate and act as a database or certificate authority.

microtonal•34m ago
You mean Universal Attestation, which is from a vendor cartel, of which most of the individual vendors are typically waaaaay behind security updates, etc.
microtonal•40m ago
My impression is that they are against remote attestation in apps/websites in general and if apps really want to do it, they should do it using the attestation API that AOSP already provides. The attestation API in AOSP allows companies to trust signing key fingerprints (such as those of GrapheneOS), which means that the attestation system is not controlled by a single company (Google).

The most damning part about Google Play Integrity is that, as the thread states, that Google lets devices pass that are full of known security holes, whereas they do not allow what is very likely to be the most secure mobile OS. This shows that they only use it as a method to shut out competitors and to control Android device manufacturers to pre-install Google software like Chrome (otherwise their devices do not get certified and won't pass Play Integrity).

IANAL, but anti-competition lawyers/bodies should have a field day with this, but nobody seems to care. Worse, the EU, despite their talk of sovereignty adds Play Integrity-based to their own age verification reference app.

I recommend every EU citizen, also if you do not use GrapheneOS, to file a DMA complaint about this anti-competitive behavior:

https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/contact-us-eu-citiz...

Also, every time this comes up, @ the relevant EU bodies, commissioners and your government's representative on Mastodon, etc.

laserbeam•28m ago
It's impossible to say. But as a reminder from Cory's first talk on enshittification... When Google and Facebook were small, they would argue for open protocols and competition. Facebook would reverse engineer MySpace's protocols to allow people to migrate away. Once FAANG became dominant, they went the opposite direction to built monopolistic practices.

GrapheneOS is still small and appears honest. Despite them being in the right in this fight and them deserving our support... We gotta keep them honest in the long run!

I don't think there's any way to tell if a small company will keep their values if they succeed in getting enough market share.

SilverElfin•56m ago
It is definitely a monopoly enabler. But also a threat to speech. You can only participate online if you have attested hardware. And that hardware will be tied back to you. It’s another threat to privacy like age verification laws.
mohamedkoubaa•26m ago
Safety is the pretext. This is the actual reason why this is happening, and why it is accelerating now
iamkrazy•50m ago
It's still not too late. With the help of Claude et. al, we can make a truly open mobile OS from ground up. We can make an app translater that can translate Android and iOS apps to our OS. We can make deals with manufacturers to start shipping phones with this OS. We have the will, there's enough of us on this site to make an impact. All ee need is good leadership. Please somebody with enough clout step up.
applfanboysbgon•47m ago
The OP is from an already-existing open mobile OS, which already has a deal with a manufacturer. The problem isn't, and has never been, making an OS. This is not a technical problem. This is a political problem.
comandillos•42m ago
These kind of things just make me want to use Graphene even more, or literally any platform that isnt the monopoly ones. Somehow I think AI and vibecoding, even if it may sound as an unpopular opinion, will allow people to build free ecosystems and actually usable devices that dont rely on the usual providers.
gib444•40m ago
GrapheneOS would do well to get a grip on its marketing/PR, especially at this pivotal moment of partnering with Motorola. This topic deserves to be a proper article. Please, not everyone wants to read a stream of tweets and replies.

And the audacity to reply rudely to someone in the thread with "Read the rest of the thread once it's posted". Absurd

(Wrote this on a Pixel running grapheneos fwiw)

microtonal•30m ago
They recently said that in the future they want to do more long-form posts just in their discussion forum and then link to it from Mastodon, etc.
gibbsrich•35m ago
This was a wild ride, what an adventure. So many moving pieces, this really is just one big house of cards.
miohtama•32m ago
The EU Digital (identity) Wallet EUDI requires hardware attestation by Google or Apple, effectively tying all the digital EU isentities to American duopoly. Talk about digital sovereignity. Apparently protecting the children > sovereignity.

https://gitlab.opencode.de/bmi/eudi-wallet/wallet-developmen...

retired•23m ago
So with a single flip of the switch, the president of the USA can shut down our EU Digital Identity Wallet.

Why was this decision ever made?

onlytue•17m ago
I hate to beat a dead horse and have people downvote me but: the EU has always been corrupted. The knowledge and effects are not evenly distributed until it hits each niche group. Then they find out the hard way that they were useful idiots. It’s ok to be wrong/admit. Let’s just move past the infighting and see those in power for the evil that they are.
rvz•10m ago
Exactly. I have said this for a very long time and the EU (and many other governments) are not our friends and they are just as corrupt.

Anytime anyone criticises the EU here you will get downvoted even after trying to warn the EU defenders that they are not our friends at all.

varispeed•14m ago
Corruption. A taboo topic people prefer to downvote and pretend it does not exist.

But even bigger problem is that institutions designed to prevent this from happening are not doing their job.

Thousands security service and civil servants take their wages and look the other way.

Gravityloss•9m ago
Is some party or coalition putting forth candidates that stand against this?
pjmlp•8m ago
I wrote to the EU contact about this, got a patronising reply about how good it is, app being open source and what not.

Clearly tailored to the regular normie without technical skills.

andy99•3m ago
Came here with roughly the same thought. Given the stated importance to many of sovereignty and not being dependent on the US, why isn’t there more opposition? I assume it’s just ignorance?
revolvingthrow•7m ago
Is it possible to dual-boot on android? It sounds defeatist but I no longer believe it’s possible to change course - the increasingly authoritarian governments, google and most moneyed interests are all on the same side, so it’s just a matter of when.

Being on the palantir-approved google ranch for the few Apps You Need + graphene (or some other alt OS) for everything else would be quite inconvenient, but still better than carrying two phones, which nobody wants to do.

GeekyBear•5m ago
I am reminded of the period when secure boot was being developed for PCs.

Microsoft certainly wanted to be the only company whose OS was allowed to boot with secure boot turned on.

Google should not be allowed to close the supposedly "open" ecosystem they created any more than Microsoft was allowed to.

Hardware Attestation as Monopoly Enabler

https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/116550899908879585
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https://chrismorgan.info/no-query-strings
519•susam•1d ago•272 comments

We see something that works, and then we understand it

https://lemire.me/blog/2025/12/04/we-see-something-that-works-and-then-we-understand-it/
173•surprisetalk•4d ago•69 comments

Local AI needs to be the norm

https://unix.foo/posts/local-ai-needs-to-be-norm/
6•cylo•2h ago•1 comments

Chrome's AI features may be hogging 4GB of your computer storage

https://www.theverge.com/tech/924933/google-chrome-4gb-gemini-nano-ai-features
61•birdculture•4h ago•31 comments

Gemini API File Search is now multimodal

https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/developers-tools/expanded-gemini-api-file-search...
141•gmays•16h ago•38 comments