I like to store angles as turns in my own code, because (as noted) it makes quarter-turns computable without rounding. OTOH if you need, say, twelfths of a turn, you might want to just store angles as degrees since that’s already common.

Michael Spivak, in Calculus (3rd ed p. 301) considers the unit choice to be a property of the function and initially defines sin° and sinʳ (before settling on sin meaning sinʳ) and considers “sin x°” and “sin x radians” to be misleading, saying that ‘a number x is simply a number—it does not carry a banner indicating that it is “in degrees” or “in radians”’. I don’t really understand this argument, since in science and engineering we constantly carry units around with our quantities.

Or you could use 1/360 of a turn.

The problem is that trigonometric functions are used in many more fields beyond geometry. The input is not always an angle around a point in euclidean space, it could be phase angle of a periodic signal. You can make an alternative set of trig functions that take turns, but you will anger a lot of people if you mess with the vanilla trig functions.

Yes, the idea of a turn [1] is interesting. And maybe useful.

I have a different question: What would it take for a compiler to remove (elide) the multiply by pi + divide by pi that the author uses as an example? I guess one would not have to go as far as a Lean proof that two bits of code produce the same result?

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_(angle)

> It turns out (pun intended!)

Thanks, I was waiting for this pun the moment turns were introduced in the article.

Very bold title! Turns are very convenient until you need to calculate a rate of change, as of course d/dx sin(2pi x) = 2pi cos(2pi x). Unfortunately this is a common enough problem that I will be sticking with the radian.

The title should say (2022)

Fails to mention that radians relates angle to arc length.

I think I cautiously agree with this notion to some extent, but IMHO the real answer is that it's application-dependent, and if you're writing a low-level trig library and you have to pick one or the other, it really isn't clear to me that turns should win over radians.

I expect many systems that use trigonometry would sometimes use small-angle approximations either for efficiency or to bootstrap to the general case. It'd be natural to use Taylor series here, i.e.:

    cos(x) = 1 - x^2/2 + ...
    sin(x) = x - x^3/6 + ...

If you've committed to representing all trigonometry in "turn" units, then you instead need to use:

    cos(2 pi t) = 1 - (2 pi t)^2/2 + ...
    sin(2 pi t) = (2 pi t) - (2 pi t)^3/6 + ...

In this case it would be less accurate and efficient to force everything into turns if you ever need to work with radians.

Closely related to this, if you ever need the derivative of a function that does trig (e.g., in numerical optimization), you may as well use radians because if you don't, any extra factors you apply will appear in the expressions for the derivatives and you'll have to deal with them there anyway.

Basically for that reason, it's pretty clear that trigonometry in terms of radians is the "correct" convention mathematically speaking (away from computers), since derivatives of the radian-based trig functions are so easy to express. Given that, if we have to pick one convention...isn't it less confusing to use the same thing everywhere? That said, there are interfaces that provide both versions, and since as the article points out there are cases where the turn-based versions can be more efficient, that's probably the right way to go.

I think the author is either being disingenuous or doesn’t understand the subject if they don’t honestly address the reason radians are used in the first place. I’m leaning towards the latter, because I can’t imagine someone having an ulterior motive for pushing for trig reform like this, lol. Radians really are the natural unit for trigonometry. With that said, I certainly agree that a lot of code would be simplified by using turns over radians, especially outside the context of numerical methods. I could see myself supporting the addition of sint(x) and cost(x) functions to the math standard library, where sint = “sine turns”.

While not a strict rule, Chesterton’s fence is a good heuristic: before we change something, we should first attempt to understand why it is the way it is.