Do not write the bindings manually. Just use the amazing uniffi-rs library from Mozilla.

https://github.com/mozilla/uniffi-rs

You can generate bindings for multiple languages. It supports error handling on both sides and latest versions also support native async integration.

I've used it to reuse the same Rust engine in iOS and Android apps and write native UI.

https://github.com/koofr/vault

Why didn't OP use Panama or the modern Java native APIs which are far better than JNI?

Should be possible with Zig as well. Is this one up to date? https://github.com/zig-java/jui

Another useful library in this space that allows you to avoid manually writing bindings is https://github.com/duchess-rs/duchess

1. The article seems kind-of shallow. I didn't see any concrete (qualitative or quantitative) remarks about the "fast" part. I don't doubt you have reasons to do this - but I expected some information on what component are you writing using Rust + JNI, and how it helped? Or is it just a demo?

At some point, repeated calls into the JNI are counter-productive to performance, since the JIT can not optimize them. Pinning affecting garbage collection is another potential drawback if any of your rust calls are long lived. If we don't measure and just conclude "we are fast because rust is faster than Java, and we took average of both speeds", it's a disservice.

2. Also, I see unsafe for each call? I'd rather isolate this into a class / different file, since in JNI only few types of calls are possible. (method returning one of the primtive types, an object or `void`). This is the approach I took in dart jnigen. (Though there, the call is Dart -> Java, not Java -> Native language).

    unsafe {
      env.call_method_unchecked(
                java_logger,
                logger_method,
                ReturnType::Primitive(Primitive::Void),
                &[JValue::from(format_msg(record)).as_jni()]
      );
    }

3. I believe some details are missing here. What's native_add_one mapped to? And how is tokio futures awaited from Java? I believe that's the important part you should be presenting.

    public CompletableFuture<Integer> add_one(int x) {
        long futureId = native_add_one(x); // Call Rust
        return AsyncRegistry.take(futureId); // Get CompletableFuture
    }

4. Also please don't use ChatGPT for writing anything. It totally derails the reader by mentioning irrelevant details and long winded corporate conclusion at the end of every sentence.

I agree that Java + native is the way to go.

But does rust really give you an edge over C/C++?

Here is how you do JNI with C++: http://move.rupy.se/file/jvm.txt

So simple it's ridiculous!

Then you can use RegisterNatives to give C++ API to the Java side instead of the stub (Java calls C++ .dll/.so) thing...