So what's next?
Many people, even doctors will blame patients for creating antibiotics resistant strains. While it’s true that a resistant strain can develop and spread due to an individual’s actions, those strains will gradually lose their resistance once no longer exposed to antibiotics, so it’s probably better have antibiotics be accessible drugs everywhere to prevent any initial spread and just trust people won’t use them chronically for no reason. Though I’d argue lack of access to antibiotics contributes more to the spread of disease then careless patients stuffing down their mouths, it really depends on what type of bacteria it is. Patients with viruses often misdiagnose themselves as needing antibiotics and that’s another reason it’s not over the counter, that builds resistant bacteria, not inside the patient but in the external environment due to excretion in urine etc.
Doctors will often chide patients for not taking the whole bottle of antibiotics once they stop feeling symptoms as if this gives more opportunity for the resistant strain to spread. It’s true it’s probably safer to totally ensure you are free of disease before stopping a medication, but increasing the overall level of antibiotics in the environment boosts resistance in every case. As people on this thread have pointed out the mass use of antibiotics in cattle farming is going to contribute significantly to resistance because it permanently increases the amount of antibiotics in the environment. Other than stopping that not much can be done to prevent this
It’s kind of a non-issue on an individual level as resistant strains lose resistance over relatively short periods time, once no longer exposed to the antibiotic, people just assume if the bacteria evolved an advantageous trait it will never lose that trait even though it’s no longer advantageous once it’s environment returns to normal.
I've never heard this. Can you cite an example or source for this? How could we be losing if medicine can afford to "wait out" a strain? MRSA's been around 80 years. Call me skeptical.
“We previously reconstructed a 1,000-year-old remedy containing onion, garlic, wine, and bile salts, known as ‘Bald’s eyesalve’, and showed it had promising antibacterial activity. In this current paper, we have found this bactericidal activity extends to a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive wound pathogens in planktonic culture and, crucially, that this activity is maintained against Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes in a soft-tissue wound biofilm model” [1].
> How could we be losing if medicine can afford to "wait out" a strain?
In general, “mutations that confer larger” resistance “are more costly” in terms of fitness [2].
Absent the selection pressure of a particular antibiotic, the bugs without that resistance generally outcompete the ones weaving chainmail against Tomahawks.
And the more important part is losing resistance in a meaningful timeframe, much smaller than 1000 years. Also the relevant genes can't be easy to reactivate.
No proof, but when I came across this it was suspected the treatment fell out of use due to resistance.
No, they do not. Bacteria eventually optimize and streamline genes that confer resistance, and they stay around basically forever in a small reservoir of bacteria. So once you start using the antibiotics again, these streamlined genes almost immediately reappear.
They kept insisting asking if we did give it twice a day, are we sure we did the full course, did we respect the 12h interval, etc. The vets told us this (we saw about 6 different vets at the clinic), the person manning the phone berated us, the nurse welcoming us again repeated the same thing.
Eventually I asked to see the test results (the cultures). It was clear that another antibiotic was effective, and that the one they were giving us wasn’t (it was about 25% better than the control). I asked why we couldn’t get the other one, and it turned out it was difficult to get in our country because it was only approved for humans.
We had to get a dispensation from the health ministry to import it from a neighbouring country. It was a mess of a process that took weeks.
Blaming patients is so ingrained that we were being gaslit into giving our pet an ineffective treatment and made to feel like we were doing something wrong all along.
- Overuse in meat agriculture evolving new DRB as a side-effect of profiteering from animal cruelty by force-feeding animals soy and corn.
- Overuse for emotional customer satisfaction reasons rather than evidence-based scientific treatment of viruses with totally-inappropriate antibiotics. This isn't a problem limited to the Global South that this article wags its finger at with imperial arrogance. This happens all the time with American primary care doctors dispensing antibiotics without proof of bacterial infection.
- Lack of R&D into new drug classes.
Basically use dirty water, finely filter it, such that only things as big as phages remain. Put that liquid in a solution of bacteria you want to treat. Filter it again, repeat... In the end you should end up with some phage solution which specifically attacks the bacteria. If these phages don't work anymore, find new ones.
like_any_other•3h ago
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12029767/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6017557/
chaostheory•3h ago
burnt-resistor•1h ago
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolution
- Animal cruelty
- Pandemic virus evolution
- Climate change
- Air, water, and soil pollution
like_any_other•54m ago
You couldn't be more wrong. The overwhelming majority of people are against animal cruelty and creating more antibiotic resistance through cattle farming, even if it means slightly-to-modestly more expensive meat. The reason it continues is a failure to inform (seen the insides of many factory farms on the news lately?), organize, and act to that end. It is not because of selfishness that it continues (except the selfishness of those profiting from it, but there will always be someone selfish, no matter how selfless the average person gets), but because the virtuous have not gathered enough power to stop it (at home and especially abroad [1]).
Self-flagellation will accomplish nothing.
[1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/antibiotic-use-livestock-...
dwd•3h ago
For example antibiotic resistant urinary tract infections caused by the use of catheters. Effective antibiotics simply don't work when they can't reach the infection.
amatecha•2h ago
cyberax•1h ago
notarget137•1h ago
nmfisher•58m ago
burnt-resistor•1h ago