Novartis dataset paper: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40064-9
Pharma companies care very much about off target effects. Molecules get screened against tox targets, and a bad tox readout can be a death sentence for an entire program. And you need to look at the toxicity of major metabolites too.
One of the major value propositions of non small molecule modalities like biologics is specificity, and alternative metabolism pathways; no need to worry about the CYPs.
Another thing they fail to account for is volume of distribution. Does it matter if it hits some receptor only expressed in microglia if it can’t cross the blood brain barrier?
Also the reason why off targets for a lot of FDA approved drugs are unknown is because they were approved in the steampunk industrial era.
To me this whole article reads like an advertisement for a screening assay.
sure! i cover this in the essay, the purpose of this dataset is not just toxicity, but repurposing also
>toxicity of major metabolites
this is planned (and also explicitly mentioned in the article)
>no need to worry about CYP’s
again, this is about more than just toxicity
>volume of distribution
i suppose, but this feels like a strange point to raise. this dataset doesnt account for a lot of things, no biological dataset does
>advertisement
to some degree: it is! but it is also one that is free for academic usage and the only one of its kind accessible to smaller biopharmas
Of course we've thought of all these things. But it's typically fragmented, and oftentimes out of scope. One of the hardest parts of any R&D project is honestly just doing a literature search to the point of exhaustion.
Every attempt to consider the extremely complex dynamics of human biology as a pure state machine, like with Pascal, deterministic of your know all the factors, is simplification and can safely be rejected as hypotheses.
Hormons, age, sex, weight, food, aging, sun, environmental, epigenetic changes, body composition, activity level, infections, medication all play a role, even galenic.
nerdsniper•7h ago
Spivak•6h ago
BizarroLand•6h ago
It's a steroid, so body builders would use it constantly. It's a sex hormone, so people would use it to masculinize themselves and amp up their sex drive, and it's part of the pubertal cycle so children exposed to it pre-puberty can have masculinizing pubertal side effects before their actual puberty starts.
Spivak•6h ago
BizarroLand•5h ago
It's not hard to acquire. Doesn't mean that it's not a controlled substance.
And in fact it is sold over the counter in other countries like Mexico. You get a "prescription" from the "on-site pharmacist" who is actually just some person who works the register.
Spivak•5h ago
immibis•5h ago
leoh•5h ago
klooney•1h ago
If the DEA isn't cranky, we go back to pill mills.
terminalshort•2h ago
Etheryte•6h ago
Spivak•6h ago
throwaway48476•4h ago
GenerWork•3h ago
the_sleaze_•2h ago
I personally know of several early 20s guys who were between light and heavy cycles all under the supervision of doctors (or at least getting blood tested periodically).
All of them have renal issues, kidney issues, adrenal system issues, thyroid issues. Some have heart problems. Not one of them is unscathed.
dvaun•5h ago
Your body doesn’t become addicted, though. The potential for harm is real if you are not taking it under medical supervision or without proper knowledge of usage, like any other drugs.
Aurornis•1h ago
This is incorrect. Testosterone can be acutely rewarding and reinforcing, especially at high doses used in abuse.
It does not indicate body dysmorphia.
It’s also very dependence inducing because it shuts down physical production, so the person needs to continue taking it just to get back to baseline.
Aurornis•1h ago
It also creates physical dependence by suppressing your body’s production, resulting in testicular atrophy. Some people who experiment with testosterone discover that it can take months or years to rebound, if they can at all.