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OpenCiv3: Open-source, cross-platform reimagining of Civilization III

https://openciv3.org/
539•klaussilveira•9h ago•150 comments

The Waymo World Model

https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/the-waymo-world-model-a-new-frontier-for-autonomous-driving-simula...
865•xnx•15h ago•525 comments

How we made geo joins 400× faster with H3 indexes

https://floedb.ai/blog/how-we-made-geo-joins-400-faster-with-h3-indexes
73•matheusalmeida•1d ago•15 comments

Show HN: Look Ma, No Linux: Shell, App Installer, Vi, Cc on ESP32-S3 / BreezyBox

https://github.com/valdanylchuk/breezydemo
185•isitcontent•10h ago•21 comments

Monty: A minimal, secure Python interpreter written in Rust for use by AI

https://github.com/pydantic/monty
186•dmpetrov•10h ago•82 comments

Show HN: I spent 4 years building a UI design tool with only the features I use

https://vecti.com
296•vecti•12h ago•132 comments

Dark Alley Mathematics

https://blog.szczepan.org/blog/three-points/
72•quibono•4d ago•15 comments

Microsoft open-sources LiteBox, a security-focused library OS

https://github.com/microsoft/litebox
346•aktau•16h ago•168 comments

Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Technical Info

https://www.sheldonbrown.com/
341•ostacke•15h ago•90 comments

Hackers (1995) Animated Experience

https://hackers-1995.vercel.app/
437•todsacerdoti•17h ago•226 comments

Unseen Footage of Atari Battlezone Arcade Cabinet Production

https://arcadeblogger.com/2026/02/02/unseen-footage-of-atari-battlezone-cabinet-production/
8•videotopia•3d ago•0 comments

Show HN: If you lose your memory, how to regain access to your computer?

https://eljojo.github.io/rememory/
240•eljojo•12h ago•147 comments

What Is Ruliology?

https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2026/01/what-is-ruliology/
4•helloplanets•4d ago•0 comments

Delimited Continuations vs. Lwt for Threads

https://mirageos.org/blog/delimcc-vs-lwt
15•romes•4d ago•2 comments

PC Floppy Copy Protection: Vault Prolok

https://martypc.blogspot.com/2024/09/pc-floppy-copy-protection-vault-prolok.html
43•kmm•4d ago•3 comments

An Update on Heroku

https://www.heroku.com/blog/an-update-on-heroku/
378•lstoll•16h ago•253 comments

How to effectively write quality code with AI

https://heidenstedt.org/posts/2026/how-to-effectively-write-quality-code-with-ai/
222•i5heu•12h ago•166 comments

Show HN: ARM64 Android Dev Kit

https://github.com/denuoweb/ARM64-ADK
14•denuoweb•1d ago•2 comments

Why I Joined OpenAI

https://www.brendangregg.com/blog/2026-02-07/why-i-joined-openai.html
94•SerCe•5h ago•77 comments

Show HN: R3forth, a ColorForth-inspired language with a tiny VM

https://github.com/phreda4/r3
62•phreda4•9h ago•11 comments

Learning from context is harder than we thought

https://hy.tencent.com/research/100025?langVersion=en
162•limoce•3d ago•82 comments

I spent 5 years in DevOps – Solutions engineering gave me what I was missing

https://infisical.com/blog/devops-to-solutions-engineering
128•vmatsiiako•14h ago•55 comments

Introducing the Developer Knowledge API and MCP Server

https://developers.googleblog.com/introducing-the-developer-knowledge-api-and-mcp-server/
38•gfortaine•7h ago•11 comments

Zlob.h 100% POSIX and glibc compatible globbing lib that is faste and better

https://github.com/dmtrKovalenko/zlob
6•neogoose•2h ago•2 comments

Understanding Neural Network, Visually

https://visualrambling.space/neural-network/
261•surprisetalk•3d ago•35 comments

Female Asian Elephant Calf Born at the Smithsonian National Zoo

https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/female-asian-elephant-calf-born-smithsonians-national-zoo-an...
18•gmays•5h ago•2 comments

I now assume that all ads on Apple news are scams

https://kirkville.com/i-now-assume-that-all-ads-on-apple-news-are-scams/
1030•cdrnsf•19h ago•428 comments

FORTH? Really!?

https://rescrv.net/w/2026/02/06/associative
55•rescrv•17h ago•19 comments

Show HN: Smooth CLI – Token-efficient browser for AI agents

https://docs.smooth.sh/cli/overview
84•antves•1d ago•60 comments

WebView performance significantly slower than PWA

https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40817676
19•denysonique•6h ago•2 comments
Open in hackernews

The spectrum of isolation: From bare metal to WebAssembly

https://buildsoftwaresystems.com/post/guide-to-execution-environments/
97•ThierryBuilds•3w ago

Comments

ThierryBuilds•3w ago
I wrote this because I kept seeing developers (myself included) confuse language-level isolation like Python venv with OS-level isolation like Docker. I wanted to trace the actual technical boundaries between them.

The article maps out the differences between common execution environments—from physical bare metal and VMs to containers, process sandboxes, and virtual environments—to create a mental model of where the "isolation boundary" actually sits for each tool.

ianand•3w ago
Since you mention serverless it might be worth mentioning firecracker and v8 isolates.
ThierryBuilds•3w ago
Thank you for the feedback. I will definitely add them as example solutions for serverless.
pjmlp•3w ago
Or CGIs running on httpd inside HP-UX Vaults, that is how old the idea happens to be.
ignoramous•3w ago
> how old the idea happens to be

TFA is missing a host of many a popular isolation techniques like Isolates, Code Interp / Binary Translators [0], Enclaves, Exclaves, Domains/Worlds, (RISC V) SEEs, TEEs, SEs, HSMs, pKVMs ...

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38950949

lateral_cloud•3w ago
Did you really write it though? Within the first paragraph it's fairly obvious this is heavily LLM-generated.
aragilar•3w ago
It also has weird definitions. Is nix a virtual environment? Is homebrew a virtual environment? Why is a sandbox different to a container? Type-1 vs Type-2 hypervisors are quite different, and there's no discussion about processes vs threads.
tadfisher•3w ago
I don't know what it is about LLM-generated text, but when I read it I cannot understand the meaning it is trying to convey. The words are all there, but it is fatiguing to repeatedly parse phrasing like "it's not X but Y" and "you aren't just X, you are Y". The entire article is organized as a sequence of these statements, and this is not hyperbole.
zipy124•3w ago
Because it is statistical. It has no understanding of the purpose of writing which is to convey information. It can only show you the statistically most likely text, although very good sometimes, it also has its limitations.
fuzzfactor•3w ago
>1. Physical Machine (Bare Metal) This is the foundation.

Nobody should ever forget this.

But I would say this next part is about the opposite for bare metal though:

>Use Case: High-performance computing (HPC), large databases, or legacy systems that require direct hardware access.

To get the utmost reliability out of adequate hardware then bare metal is more suitable for almost everything except for special situations.

Unless something is really wrong with the software or the overall hardware/software approach.

ThierryBuilds•3w ago
Thanks for the feedback. These are typical use cases where the convenience of higher level abstractions may be less important than the benefits of direct access to the hardware.
shevy-java•3w ago
WebAssembly somehow does not seem to be able to break-through, unlike HTML, CSS, JavaScript did.
mickael-kerjean•3w ago
Or the people who write wasm don't talk too much about it. My OSS work (https://github.com/mickael-kerjean/filestash) has tons of it:

1. to create web versions of applications that are traditionally desktop only to render things like Parquet, PSD, TIFF, SQLite, EPS, ZIP, TGZ, and many more, where C libraries are often the reference implementations. There are almost a hundred supported file formats, most of which are supported through WASM

2. to create plugins that extend the backend and add your own endpoint or middleware as a way to enforce the code run in a constrained environment without the ability to send people's file out

3. in the workflow engine to enable people to run their own sandboxed scripts without giving those a blank check to go crazy

thecupisblue•3w ago
It is more of a silent thing. Running in the background, internal libs, deployment tools, plugin tools.

But also - it's lacking things like a unified positioning + required knowledge to understand it is quite large compared to average dev + most people have no real use for it. It's mostly too "abstract high level" and "low level" for most devs.

bflesch•3w ago
> This website collects anonymous usage analytics data via GoatCounter and Umami.

My uBlock origin shows that googlefonts.com and fonts.googleapis.com are being blocked.

It irks me a bit that your message explicitly mentions two trackers but it fails to mention the Google tracking. Google is also not mentioned in your privacy policy. Is there a reason for this?

nake89•3w ago
Your message sent me down a weird rabbit hole of trying to find privacy friendly alternative to google fonts. I found this: https://github.com/coollabsio/fonts They claim to be a privacy friendly drop-in replacement. Their main website: https://fonts.coollabs.io/
cardanome•3w ago
The easiest solution is to simply self host your fonts.
mrob•3w ago
The easiest solution is to use the default font. This has the additional benefit of being the most legible font for every reader, because it's the one they have the most experience reading.
Piraty•3w ago
remember the times when common sense was to not accept the remote site's fonts, and thus web devs should not use them
bflesch•3w ago
Yes. I recommend everybody to do a deep dive into font file formats and you'll see a lot of monsters hiding.
yencabulator•2w ago
That definitely deserves better tooling!
rafram•3w ago
Google Fonts is not a tracker.

https://developers.google.com/fonts/faq/privacy

> For clarity, Google does not use any information collected by Google Fonts to create profiles of end users or for targeted advertising.

bflesch•3w ago
Google has carte blanche to lie to foreigners for national security purposes, it's not even illegal for them. The data is fed into the mass surveillance systems.

IP, user agent, language headers and network timings are enough to fingerprint and associate you with any other accounts at US tech companies. The visited website is linked via Referer / Origin headers to your browsing history.

All of this tracking is passive and there is no way to check for an independent observer.

Yet here you are defending the most privacy invasive company on the planet.

pwdisswordfishy•3w ago
Well, if Google said it, it must be true.
sillyblob67•3w ago
By default, loading Google Fonts from Google’s servers exposes user data to Google (e.g., IP Address, User agent, Referrer, Timestamps, Cache identifiers).

It's passive tracking, but it's tracking.

bmitch3020•3w ago
The spectrum comes with multiple tradeoffs, and isn't a simple "bare metal is more secure" narrative. Because as you move into VMs, containers, and code sandboxes, you lose isolation which increases risks, but you also gain capabilities to limit the application which decreases risk. So I believe the most secure approach is layered with much multiple types of isolation working together.

For example, you may isolate a specific customer to bare metal so an escape doesn't compromise other customers. But within that bare metal, you may run containers because they make it easier to work with a read only root filesystem that's also trivial to upgrade. You can also add on user namespaces and seccomp in the container to minimize the risk of a container escape. And then the application may have its own sandbox that limits individual capabilities and which API calls it can run.

Every use case is different, and some layers may not be available depending on that use case. But rather than picking one point on the spectrum, one should pick a list of technologies that best solve each use case.

ThierryBuilds•3w ago
Agreed. Beyond security, we must consider other critical factors such as cost, ease of maintenance, and operational overhead.
Loic•3w ago
This is the engineering approach in a factory. You always have multiple layers of security systems.

The analogy is that each layer is a slice of Emmental cheese. You end up with a bad event, only if all the holes in the slices align.

creata•3w ago
venv and sandboxes are such categorically different things that painting it as a spectrum the way this article does is more misleading than helpful.

I also think the article shouldn't mention chroot. From the man page:

> In particular, it is not intended to be used for any kind of security purpose,

I guess it could be part of a sandbox, but there are better tools for that purpose.

(I'm not sure what point there is in giving feedback on an article that's almost entirely LLM-generated, though.)

ThierryBuilds•3w ago
The article is not only about security. Thanks
FjordWarden•3w ago
Ah, I think I found the reason as to why WebAssembly (in a browser or some other sandboxed environment) is not a suitable substrate for near native performance. It is a very ironic reason: you can't implement a JIT compiler that targets WebAssembly in a sandbox running in WebAssembly. Sounds like an incredibly contrived thing to do but once speed is the goal then a copy-and-patch compiler is a valid strategy for implementing a interpreter or a modern graphics pipeline.
syrusakbary•3w ago
> you can't implement a JIT compiler that targets WebAssembly in a sandbox running in WebAssembly

That's not completely true. With dynamic linking (now supported in WASIX), you can generate and link Wasm modules at runtime easily.

fwsgonzo•3w ago
This is true. A multi-tier JIT-compiler requires writable execute memory and the ability to flush icache. Loading segments dynamically is nice and covers a lot of the ground, but it won't be a magic solution to dynamic languages like JavaScript. Modern WASM emulators already implement a full compiler, linker and JIT-compiler in one, almost starting to look like v8. I'm not sure if adding in-guest JIT support is going in the right direction.
nickdothutton•3w ago
No LPARs (IBM) or LDoms (Oracle), although I appreciate someone might never have to encounter those things these days. They sit above bare metal and below hypervisor VMs.