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FBI used iPhone notification data to retrieve deleted Signal messages

https://9to5mac.com/2026/04/09/fbi-used-iphone-notification-data-to-retrieve-deleted-signal-messages/
140•01-_-•2h ago

Comments

frizlab•1h ago
Aren’t notifications supposed to be encrypted for Signal?
shantara•1h ago
iOS stores the previously displayed notifications in an internal database, which was used to access the data. It’s outside of Signal’s control, they recommend disabling showing notification content in their settings to prevent this attack vector
exitb•4m ago
They do control the content on the notification. It's a bit odd to put the sensitive text in the notification only to recommend disabling it at the system level.
makosdv•1h ago
You can choose what to show in the notification and there is an option to include the message, so I'm guessing that allowed some unencrypted incoming messages to be read.
frizlab•1h ago
Sibling comment explains. The notification does arrive encrypted and is decrypted by an app extension (by Signal), however, if the message preview is shown, it is stored unencrypted by iOS. It is that storage that is accessed.
butvacuum•1h ago
it seems iOS will drop previews into an unencrypted section. which, Is how I expected iOS notification previews to work without unlocking the phone
krisknez•1h ago
This kind of vulnerability is not tied to Signal but all apps which send notification.
etiam•1h ago
Also discussed yesterday, in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47703573
chasil•1h ago
First, a critical setting for Signal users:

"Signal’s settings include an option that prevents the actual message content from being previewed in notifications. However, it appears the defendant did not have that setting enabled, which, in turn, seemingly allowed the system to store the content in the database."

Second, how can I see this notification history?

alin23•1h ago
Not sure if it's exactly the same, but I had to add a When notification arrives with <message>, do <action> event trigger in my Crank macOS app (https://lowtechguys.com/crank) so I can show you how to do it on macOS:

      HOURS=6
      EPOCH_DIFF=978307200
      SINCE=$(echo "$(date +%s) - $EPOCH_DIFF - $HOURS * 3600" | bc)

      sqlite3 ~/Library/Group\ Containers/group.com.apple.usernoted/db2/db \
        "SELECT r.delivered_date, COALESCE(a.identifier, 'unknown'), hex(r.data)
        FROM record r
        LEFT JOIN app a ON r.app_id = a.app_id
        WHERE r.delivered_date > $SINCE
        ORDER BY r.delivered_date ASC;" \
      | while IFS='|' read -r cfdate bundle hexdata; do
          date -r $(echo "$cfdate + $EPOCH_DIFF" | bc | cut -d. -f1) '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
          echo "  app: $bundle"
          echo "$hexdata" | xxd -r -p > /tmp/notif.plist
          plutil -p /tmp/notif.plist 2>/dev/null \
            | grep -E '"(titl|title|subt|subtitle|body|message)"' \
            | sed 's/^  */  /'
          echo "---"
      done
Basically, notifications are in an sqlite db at ~/Library/Group Containers/group.com.apple.usernoted/db2/db and are stored as plist blobs.

In recent years, filesystem paths for system services have started to converge for both macOS and iOS so I'm thinking with jailbreak you could get read access to that database and get the same data out of it.

jhalstead•1h ago
On a Pixel, I can see some history by going to

Android > Settings > Notifications > Manage > Notification History

seb1204•7m ago
Yes, mine (the history option) is turned off. Nice opt in implementation.
627467•1h ago
On android there are apps that let you see the history - i use NotiStar occasionally to see if i unwittingly dismissed important notifications. And i believe there are apps/settings that help you clear the history from the device.

But this is a reminder that these centralized notification infrastructure (FCM and APNs) store notification content (if the app is told to send content in it - signal with option enabled wouldn't send content) even if we clear local history these middleman still hold it

chasil•45m ago
On Lineage Android, i see: Settings / Notifications / Notification History.

If you drop a settings widget on your home screen, it will let you choose a specific area, including notifications.

I don't know if the output is the complete database.

nashashmi•23m ago
On android its quite easy. There is a page of a protocol address that has all notifications show. I used to have a seizure to it. It has been years since I was on android.

But it was really useful each time I did not see a notification in time.

tsimionescu•9m ago
> I used to have a seizure to it.

Hopefully, you meant to write "shortcut"...

lenerdenator•1h ago
There needs to be a bit more "group chat" control in Signal messages, wherein you could enforce certain settings for certain chats regardless of the phone settings. You could have group chats that would enforce not showing more information in the notifications, while others would still allow it.
preinheimer•1h ago
This feels like it would run against the “I bought my device, I should control how it behaves” line of thinking.
kome•1h ago
smartphones in general runs against the “I bought my device, I should control how it behaves” line of thinking
etiam•1h ago
But it would be pretty well in line with the "I trust my contact with this communication, but only if they're not systematically misled to copy it to readily exploitable insecure storage" line of thinking.

Since the purposes of the program are pretty heavy on private communication, I'm inclined to think that takes precedence here, especially considering the consequences for dropping default message previews versus adding default reveal of supposedly private information.

helpfulclippy•23m ago
I think it fits in pretty well with Signal. As it stands, a group chat can control when a message is automatically deleted for everyone, so everyone can rely on that being a shared setting. That's an intentional design decision. There's no individual opt-out.

An individual can disable name or content in notifications in iOS, or set "mute messages" for a chat to prevent notifications from appearing for that specific chat, but there's nothing that gives group members any assurance that other group members are doing that.

i_am_proteus•1h ago
Reminder that no end-to-end encryption arrangement can do anything before encryption, or after decryption, at the endpoints.
windowliker•1h ago
Right. It's purely a protection against MitM snooping. The app has to have the messages in plaintext to display to you via whatever mechanism the OS uses. Seems obvious, but also not, at the same time.

I've found other ways Signal can leak information, even with disappearing messages. It's not the total install-and-be-done privacy screen that some people think it is, and requires a little effort at the user end to fill in a few gaps.

jonpalmisc•1h ago
Settings > Notifications > Notification Content > Show: "Name Only" or "No Name or Content"

I've had this enabled to prevent sensitive messages from appearing in full whilst showing someone something on my phone, but I guess this is an added benefit as well.

jhalstead•1h ago
Fwiw, in my Signal app on Android this setting is in

Settings > Notifications > Messages > Show

wolvoleo•36m ago
My Samsung also keeps a history of notification content. Under Settings->Notifications ->Advanced -> Notification History
tialaramex•24m ago
However, if this is important to you then you want Signal to stop telling Android to make the notifications. If it doesn't exist nobody will accidentally make it available.

Deleting that history is good to know about after the fact, but preferably lets just not create the problem.

embedding-shape•1h ago
I guess enabling Lockdown mode might avoid this particular issue too, together with a bunch of other stuff?
everdrive•56m ago
Why would lockdown mode prevent this? I have lockdown mode on but that doesn't automatically make my notifications private.
giancarlostoro•37m ago
Maybe it should.
embedding-shape•28m ago
It's a mode of the phone that is supposed to prevent cyber attacks, more so than "normal mode" I suppose, since it's supposed to limit features in the name of security. This seems like a variant of such attack, so seems like it should protect against it
jonpalmisc•18m ago
There is a documented list of things that Lockdown Mode affects [1], this is not one of the advertised ones. There are a bunch of other (undocumented) things it affects (some of which are bugs :/), but I don't believe it has any affect on notification storage.

[1] https://support.apple.com/en-us/105120

rustyhancock•9m ago
Lockdown mode would prevent access to the data in theory.

But most likely (pure speculation mind you), this was a case of someone handing over the phone for review and where cooperating.

It might have been that they deleted signal some time ago, or even deleted signal and then handed over the phone.

It's notable that the data wasn't recovered from signals storage (was the data securely erased or that kind of recovery not attempted?).

nickburns•1h ago
Just to clarify, this is within the Signal app settings—not the OS (iOS or Android) system settings.

Critical distinction, as merely changing OS notification settings will simply prevent notification content from being displayed on-screen.

JumpCrisscross•35m ago
Signal should switch the default to being less verbose.
nickburns•12m ago
The default should be "No name or content".
fragmede•7m ago
users should switch to simpleX
hammock•23m ago
Wait so if I do iOS setting notifications > never show previews it’s still caching them in the background? Unencrypted?
nickburns•22m ago
Yes. And technically, from a privacy perspective, it's even worse than that. What's additionally happening is they're still 'syncing' back to Apple servers via APNS (and to Alphabet servers via Firebase on Android)—even with notifications completely disabled, that's correct.

If the app generates them, the OS receives them. That's why the Signal app offers this setting.

cdrnsf•5m ago
Disable Apple Intelligence summaries for sensitive app notifications too.
huxley•3m ago
Given the quality of the summaries, you might want to keep them just for plausible deniability </s>
kome•1h ago
signal is security theater, and a very bad user experience
noman-land•1h ago
Prove it.
rainingmonkey•50m ago
> very bad user experience

"To use the Signal desktop app, Signal must first be installed on your phone."

well_ackshually•7m ago
thank god whatsapp doesn't do that either. or telegram. or allo back in the day, or every single mobile first messaging app

The only one I can think of that doesn't require a mobile login is iMessage, because it's not a chat app, it's lock in and data theft disguised as software

chinathrow•1h ago
On Android, when I use WhatsApp and have notifications for groups turned off, I can still see that they arrive briefly and then get removed (the icon top left vanishes). I wonder often, if this is a way to push all group message content into an unencrypted data trace as well - for the same use case.
arkon_hn•1h ago
If the notification has the data, then yes. It's trivial to create an app that listens to notifications; Samsung even has one themselves called NotiStar that replicates the notification history feature that Android normally has.
mnls•1h ago
People who NEED to hide their notifications from iOS have this already disabled.

They rest who "evaluate their threat models" can practice Spy-life-gymnastics by disabling it from Signal.

xandrius•1h ago
Victim blaming?
phyzome•17m ago
What a goofy comment.

The article you're commenting on is about people who obviously would have wanted this disabled, but didn't have it disabled, presumably because they didn't know about this issue.

shalmanese•58m ago
I thought Signal didn’t show message previews by default and you had to go in and enable it? I’ve never had message previews in my Signal and I don’t remember changing anything. Maybe when they introduced the feature, you could pick but they strongly suggested it not showing?
foooorsyth•20m ago
The opposite, actually. Signal endlessly nags you to turn on notifications, and when you turn them on, previews and content are shown by default. You cannot opt out of the nags.
niek_pas•47m ago
I wonder why Apple doesn't 'just' delete the notification data associated with the app from the internal database when the user deletes the app? It seems like asking for problems to just keep old notification content around forever.
alsetmusic•41m ago
It's one of those problems where as soon as someone notices, it's crazy that no one noticed. I can't imagine this not being overhauled going forward. It's just a bad way to operate and now it's news.
rustyhancock•5m ago
If it never hits flash that might work, but if it's in flash storage then the block may not be erased by the time its dumped.

I'm not sure precisely how the NAND controller responds to requests for raw data from blocks with "deleted" data. And if this would require decapping the flash.

Some flash will happily let you see the data and delay erasing it.

Generally flash is non deterministic about when blocks even those with entirely stale data are erased . It might be years before the block is reused due to wear leveling algorithms and it might retain data that entire time.

Here's hoping the controller for phones which hold sensitive data are more active

alsetmusic•43m ago
Original article: FBI Extracts Suspect’s Deleted Signal Messages Saved in iPhone Notification Database[0]

0. https://www.404media.co/fbi-extracts-suspects-deleted-signal...

tbrownaw•41m ago
That's unfortunately less informative if you aren't already one of their subscribers.
gabeio•26m ago
https://archive.is/bSQhD You can view their link here.
blitzar•41m ago
> testimony in a recent trial

Court cases are the real way to audit security.

Larping about security and complaining about companies responding to court orders only gets you so far. Its way more useful to look at what actually happens in reality.

tbrownaw•34m ago
The recent Trivy / LiteLLM mess was also a security thing, and seems rather different.
SergeAx•18m ago
Probably stupid question: why won't they e2e-encrypt push notifications too? The vector is obvious and has been open since forever.
0x62•9m ago
Signal does not send any sensitive information in push notifications sent via APNs [0]. This story concerns the local OS cache of push notifications, which are triggered after E2E decryption has occurred.

[0] https://mastodon.world/@Mer__edith/111563865413484025

echelon_musk•3m ago
As an aside, I decrypted an encrypted iPhone backup using a tool from GitHub because I wanted easy access to my Voice Memo recordings.

Photos I had long deleted were still in the backup! It's quite surprising just how much is being stored by the phone.

nixosbestos•2m ago
Um. Android has notification history also and I see no similar ability to hide notification content from the system ...

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