Also from what I can tell in my skimming the study mostly focused on small (decaf) amounts of caffeine in the gut biome. There are still more components of coffee such as bitter compounds that presumably have other effects.
What is material is that coffee has a lot of interesting components beside caffeine.
However, I believe my rapid fight/flight gut emptying impulse after a cup probably is the caffeine.
(I have disregulated gut, my gut man (who said the disposable sigmoidoscope revolutionised his speciality) said I was just shy of IBS)
Or it just suggests people are creatures of habit and comforts :)
Hmm
But the funding chain here is -
Major coffee companies illy | JDE Peet's | Lavazza | Paulig | Tchibo
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gnabgib•2h ago
Last year's wasn't funded by Scientific Information on Coffee
This paper (open): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71264-8
Paper from 2024 (open): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01858-9