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English: A vs. An

https://www.redblobgames.com/blog/2026-09-16-english-a-vs-an/
82•azhenley•2h ago•69 comments

I built non-autoregressive decision models with RL a year ago

https://laya.convaiinnovations.com/
1021•nandakishor_ml•12h ago•237 comments

How Hacker News ranking works: scoring, controversy, and penalties (2013)

https://www.righto.com/2013/11/how-hacker-news-ranking-really-works.html
32•theanonymousone•1h ago•9 comments

AI-generated posters don’t have to be horrible

https://john.hartnup.uk/2026/06/07/ai-event-posters.html
1285•ereiamjh•13h ago•707 comments

Measure internet censorship. Contribute to the largest open dataset

https://ooni.org/install
58•Bluestein•3h ago•36 comments

Brood War Bench

https://bw.swerdlow.dev/report
103•benswerd•8h ago•59 comments

Compiler-style optimization for drawing via Skia

https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23696
31•PaulDavisThe1st•2d ago•6 comments

Deodands put a price on objects that caused death

https://daily.jstor.org/how-the-railways-killed-a-medieval-law/
28•samizdis•3d ago•11 comments

Two parallel neural ectoderm progenitors contribute to the developing brain

https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2026/09/two-separate-brains.html
597•emigre•17h ago•229 comments

Mayday Mysteries

http://www.maydaymystery.org/mayday/
13•Eridanus2•1h ago•3 comments

UFO Series Home Page: "UFO" TV Series from 1970

https://ufoseries.com/
40•DropDead•1d ago•23 comments

Show HN: CUA-S1 – A System One Model for Computer Use

https://github.com/trycua/cua
48•frabonacci•7h ago•5 comments

ZK-JPEG: Zero-Knowledge Image Editing and Compression

https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/2039
42•gslin•3h ago•6 comments

Android 17 is the first since 3.x to add new APIs without releasing to the AOSP

https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/117282080803799576
1101•theanonymousone•1d ago•642 comments

Suzanne Ciani's Buchla Cookbook

https://echo.orpheusinstituut.be/article/suzannes-buchla-cookbook
49•stuart78•2d ago•20 comments

Tin: full-text search for Postgres

https://planetscale.com/blog/introducing-tin
172•ksec•9h ago•70 comments

The Secret Life of Circuits

https://blog.coredump.cx/p/the-secret-life-of-circuits-is-here
272•surprisetalk•3d ago•70 comments

Supabase (YC S20) Is Hiring for OrioleDB

https://supabase.link/orioledbjob
1•awalias•6h ago

You can defeat the Dream Devourer from Chrono Trigger using an int overflow

https://chrono.fandom.com/wiki/Dream_Devourer
13•ronreiter•1h ago•2 comments

New evidence for hidden chambers beyond Tutankhamun's tomb

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-02621-2
92•rndsignals•2d ago•35 comments

Black Holes or Black Hole Stars? Astronomers Spar over 'Little Red Dots'

https://www.quantamagazine.org/black-holes-or-black-hole-stars-astronomers-spar-over-webb-telesco...
84•jandrewrogers•1d ago•44 comments

GPT-6 Astra Solves a WWI German Radio Cipher

https://www.prinzai.com/p/gpt-6-astra-solves-a-wwi-german-radio
349•nsoonhui•16h ago•160 comments

I think you should almost never use AI to write

https://erichgrunewald.substack.com/p/why-you-should-almost-never-use-ai
181•erwald•6h ago•102 comments

San Francisco Onion Futures Company

https://onionfutures.com/
359•z-mach9•18h ago•150 comments

Microsoft director: AI scraping 'the largest theft of labor in human history'

https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/microsoft-director-called-ai-s...
83•jonbaer•4h ago•23 comments

How to Write with an LLM

https://sockpuppet.org/blog/2026/09/17/how-to-write-with-an-llm/
611•joeriddles•2d ago•372 comments

Adventures in Microcontroller Circuit Debugging

https://www.bigmessowires.com/2026/08/30/adventures-in-microcontroller-circuit-debugging/
31•lateatdesk•2d ago•6 comments

Cloudflare Quick Tunnels

https://try.cloudflare.com/
807•jcbhmr•1d ago•307 comments

If math is more than proof, we need to better celebrate the rest of it

https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2026/09/18/if-math-is-more-than-proof-we-need-to-better-celebrate-...
292•num42•16h ago•230 comments

Saving another 100TB of RAM

https://blog.cloudflare.com/saving-100-tb-of-ram-with-math/
460•f311a•1d ago•108 comments
Open in hackernews

English: A vs. An

https://www.redblobgames.com/blog/2026-09-16-english-a-vs-an/
81•azhenley•2h ago

Comments

dataflow•50m ago
Any verdict for "historic"?
beaned•43m ago
It depends on if you're speaking British or American English.

The British pronounce it as "istory," so they use "an" before.

echelon•38m ago
I don't think so. This one seems to defy the rule.

"A his-toric day"

"An his-toric day"

Both seem to work correctly with American pronunciation.

Journalists and films seem to use "an historic" with an American accent, which breaks the rule but still feels correct.

For most words the indefinite article is clear. This one feels weird.

beaned•29m ago
They do, but only because it's been adopted from British media and literature. You might even say it's a symptom of being over-read, if that's possible.

"An historic" is certainly used in the US, but it's wrong in all contexts.

kelnos•25m ago
> This one seems to defy the rule.

No it doesn't. If I pronounce the "h", then using "an" sounds weird. If I don't, then "a" sounds weird.

> Journalists and films seem to use "an historic" with an American accent

Curious if you have a link to a video of this, I can't imagine it sounding correct.

dofm•31m ago
> The British pronounce it as "istory," so they use "an" before.

"The British" aren't monolithic and neither are our approaches to this.

I certainly don't say "it is an historic day" or "staying at an hotel" with the soft H, because to me, in the 21st century, it's an upper class affectation (I am from a middle class background and from the commuter belt 30 miles south of London).

I moved to a slightly posher place and I know people who do say "an historic day" (soft H) still but it's largely out of habit/age/schooling.

The BBC have stopped doing this, as a rule. The monarchy have moderated this aspect of their speech too — I am sure I remember the younger Prince Charles say "an historic day" with the soft H, but I am fairly sure he would now say "a historic day" with the hard H; he has been trying to progressively moderate his RP accent for the last 25 years or so.

ETA: clarification in reply to reply

beaned•29m ago
My point is that it's based on pronunciation. I didn't mean to offend you.
dofm•19m ago
No offence taken — I just mean to clarify that the proportion of British speakers who do this an-then-soft-H thing is actually pretty small.

Having said that, there are two constituencies that do it, I guess:

- Those who do it out of upper class background or affectation: using the French soft H that survives in the American pronunciation of 'herbs' is a class signifier.

- And those who do it out of broader dropped-H slackness; it's not out of the question that someone would say "it's an 'istoric day" run together, in a variety of regional and rural accents.

So if you meant the latter, then, yes! Probably more people do it as a result of dropping H more generally than out of upper class identification.

But in the middle of those two, most of us, I think, use the hard H, and certainly "BBC English" has moved in that direction.

Planktonne•30m ago
The majority of British accents would pronounce the 'h'.
andsoitis•29m ago
Both occur, but "a historic" is standard choice in modern English.

Since most speakers pronounce the h, it takes "a" not "an".

Contrast to "an hour", where the h is silent.

layer8•10m ago
Both are being used and neither is incorrect. “An historic” used to be more prevalent in British English until around 1990, but “a historic” has become the standard choice now: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=a+historic%2Ca...
Narishma•7m ago
Depends on whether or not you pronounce the H.
kichimi•50m ago
I've spent some time thinking about this before, and it provides a clue about the writers accent. For example:

"An 'H'", and "a 'H'" are both equally valid following this rule (by my interpretation), depending on how you pronounce the letter 'H'.

post-it•47m ago
A/an herb, for example.
mc32•44m ago
/heitsh/ vs /eitsh/. I think it's mostly Irish with the former.
kelnos•24m ago
And Australian, I believe.
ajxs•8m ago
I'm Australian, and I say 'A Hotel', and 'A Herb'. Until very recently, I'd never heard anyone ever say it differently.
nephihaha•21m ago
"I think it's mostly Irish with the former."

Actually, it's a shibboleth. It used to be said in Ireland that Roman Catholic called it "haitch" and Protestants called it "aitch". "Haitch" is to be found furth of Ireland though.

nephihaha•
abraxas•40m ago
What gets me as a non-native speaker far more than "a vs an" is the "a vs the" conundrum. I still don't quite get when something needs to be "indefinite" and I've been speaking English for close to forty years. My native tongue lacks articles altogether and it's soo bloody hard I feel hopeless I'll ever master them fully.
CoastalCoder•37m ago
Just curious, what is your native tongue?
nephihaha•17m ago
My guess is something Slavic (since Slavic languages lack articles apart from Sorbian). I could be wrong. I don't think Finno-Ugric languages have them either. That's just Europe, there are plenty of such examples elsewhere — Japanese has tonnes of suffixes but no direct equivalent to this?
fonheponho•15m ago
(Whether Hungarian qualifies as Finno-Ugric is up for debate, but Hungarian most definitely has determinate and indeterminate articles.)
fonheponho•17m ago
My guess: Czech. :)

Native English speakers living for a decade or more in the Czech Republic (and picking up Czech in the process) may experience "retroactive article confusion", they may start to drop articles while speaking their mother tongue English.

devindotcom•
throwawayk7h•36m ago
I'm always curious why sometimes I pronounce the as /ðə/ ("thuh") and sometimes as /ði/ ("thee"). I don't really know what governs this but I expect it's the presence of a vowel at the start of the following word. However, only some vowels. Does anyone have an answer?
devindotcom•34m ago
I do this too - "thee actual" vs "thuh real" and such. I do expect it's to do with having a vowel sound of a certain kind at the beginning of the next work making you move your tongue in a certain way.
rizonio•18m ago
with "the actual" I imagine you're also putting in a kind of intrusive "y" sound so it flows better into the vowel
CoastalCoder•27m ago
I grew up in New England.

My experience is that "thuh" is basically a lazy / informal pronunciation of that word.

But it's also by far the most common pronunciation. "Thee" would sound strangely hyper-formal, at least in my circles.

Edit: the sibling comment (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49770609) also rings true to me.

stackghost•23m ago
> However, only some vowels

Pretty sure it’s all vowels isn’t it?

“Thee”: apple, evening, island, offer, underpass

“Thus”: any other words where you don’t need to avoid a glottal stop to differentiate the word.

mauvehaus•32m ago
Fun fact an adder (snake) was once a nadder, and an apron was on a napron. This fun fact brought to you by The History of English Podcast.

https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/

Happily sourced in Wikipedia so I don't have to figure out which episode I learned that from:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder <- see below the table in Taxonomy.

adzm•21m ago
And cherries were ceries from French, leading to the singular form cherry. Lots of neat little things like this.
zem•30m ago
"if words starts with hones" fails for "hones" itself; I suspect that should have been "honest" in the code.
nephihaha•28m ago
I notice "an" is in decline in some forms of spoken English. I noticed this shift years ago. Some English speakers say "a (y)apple" rather than "an apple" or "a(y) orange" rather than "an orange". In some case the "y" sound is replaced by a glottal stop (a' apple, a' orange).

[Why is this getting voted down? Bizarre.]

bethekidyouwant•23m ago
No
nephihaha•20m ago
Eh? I hear both of these on a regular basis. It is a phenomenon.
prometheus1992•22m ago
I can tell you did not use AN llm to write this post. Thanks.
mococa•14m ago
As a non speaker, I really hate this rule
hbn•11m ago
A funny quirk of English I never noticed until I started learning Spanish:

In Spanish, to say for example, "he is a doctor," you would say "él es médico." Which more literally translates to "he is doctor," which feels unintuitive coming from English. Spanish DOES have an equivalent for "a" - "un/una", so the natural thing for an English speaker to say would be "él es UN médico", but I understand that to be awkward/unnatural.

But then I realized, when you say the same sentence in plural - "they are doctors" - you don't have an article. You don't say "they are some doctors" (I had to Google, apparently "some" isn't an article anyway?)

So Spanish ends up more consistent - Singular: "Él es médico." Plural: "Ellos son medicos."

Unlike English - Singular: "He is a doctor." Plural: "They are doctors."

moritzwarhier•9m ago
[delayed]
mkatx•7m ago
I always wondered if some uses of the word 'and' I notice on occasion might have similar explanations, or if they were the result of misspelling, mistyping, incorrect autocorrect, etc.. anyone know?

Examples from published articles: "Barely half and hour was on the clock" "the hospital, which is in and area of central Homs" "spiraled into and armed uprising and civil war" "During and interview with ABC in July"

dearjames•5m ago
This reminds me of the multiple AI videos out there that I have to involuntarily listen to because people hate using earphones/headphones. They just start off like "The man/woman blah blah blah", and my poor brain is always noting that's bad English/grammar or whatever because What man/woman are you talking about? Where did he/she come from in this story that you just started telling?
23m ago
Most English accents don't drop the "h" in herb, although American influence will change that.

But you can hear "an" used in phrases like "an hotel" or "an historic building", where the "h" is usually pronounced.

isityettime•3m ago
Most Americans don't pronounce the "h" in "herb" or "herbal" afaict. We do usually pronounce it in people's names though, like "Herb".
nemonemo•40m ago
Maybe this could be used to track how some spoken language changes over time in a region or across regions.
35m ago
don't worry too much. english is such a muddled tongue to begin with that there are many ways of saying something "correctly" and few if any of us know them all. anyone who quibbles over some fine verbal point is probably not someone whose opinion you should value!

that said I know in business communication this kind of thing can be less forgiving. i will say that grammar and syntax checking for non native speakers is one of the few very beneficial applications of LLMs.

NuclearPM•33m ago
Tongue?
scubbo•31m ago
In this sense, it's a synonym for "language". Usually used as "mother tongue" (meaning, the language one grew up speaking).
jampekka•35m ago
I struggle with it too, but my rule of thumb is that "the" signals the reader they should know what specific instance is referred to, whereas "a" introduces a new instance.
arcbyte•33m ago
Just remmeber that "a" is short for "any". So do want the specific thing, or will any thing work?
moritzwarhier•31m ago
a specific thing, or is it enough for it to be the thing?

sorry, just joking, this is not meant to be a genuine counterargument^^

I just want one of the new triple-cheese sandwiches please. And the salad of the day as a side.

tandr•20m ago
But... "So do you want _a_ specific thing, or will any thing work?" sounds kind of correct as well to me. (Disclaimer: I am not native speaker, grain of salt and all.)
rawling•7m ago
It is. Yours is acknowledging that your things are distinguishable and the other person might want one in particular.

GP's should be used when offering a specific one, like "the red one".

lcedp•15m ago
If only it were that simple. "I bought a car yesterday" -- Did I buy a specific car?
rimeice•9m ago
Yes you bought the car yesterday - it’s the now because it’s established in the conversation.
antonvs•6m ago
The point is that in saying "I bought a car", you're not attempting to specify which specific car you bought. The fact that you obviously did buy a specific car isn't relevant to the grammar of this.

If the audience already has some context about which specific car you were going to buy, then you could say "I bought the car yesterday." In that case you're referring to a specific car that the audience is expected to already be familiar with.

I think some of the confusion over this seems to be coming from attempting to apply knowledge that you have to a sentence when the audience wouldn't have that knowledge.

AndrewDucker•31m ago
If there's more than one, and you don't care which one, then it's "a". If you care which one then it's "the".

"Pass me a plate" - any plate will do. "Pass me the plate" - I want the specific plate which we were talking about.

lwansbrough•28m ago
I was going to start by stating the difference is “a” is unspecific, “the” implies the subject is already known.

However as I thought more about it I realized it gets a little more complicated. I’m not academically studied in English, though I am a native speaker.

For example if you say, “Our town has a castle” - that’s a specific castle but you wouldn’t say “our town has the castle.”

Why? It has to do with what the listener knows. “Definite” means the subject is known to the listener. If I’m introducing a castle into the conversation that you don’t know, I’m talking about _a_ castle. Now that it’s introduced, I can tell you about _the_ castle.

bethekidyouwant•24m ago
If there was only one castle then you would save the. For example our town has “the giant duck” (fictional fibreglass statue)
mauvehaus•17m ago
"Our town has the castle" would mean that of (all the gin joints in) all the towns in all the world, only yours has a castle. Also not academically qualified, also a native speaker.
ahartmetz•16m ago
It's because the town has one out of the set of all castles.

You can also say "Our town has the castle", which... now there it gets weird. I think it means it doesn't have much, but it has that. Well I guess it's specific in that it is one of the few (specific) things it has going for it.

Tade0•7m ago
It leads to some funny situations.

This one time I was at a company get-together and the CTO, whose son was just born, received some Peppa Pig merch.

I exclaimed (in English) "Peppa Pig is the shit!"

The HR lady stared at me as if I killed her father with an accordion.

ccakes•5m ago
This reminds me of “en” vs “ett” in Swedish. No rules - just gotta know
drnick1•16m ago
This is governed by the following word. "Thee" can also be used for emphasis anywhere.
weinzierl•9m ago
The official rule I learnt in my English (as foreign language) classes is vowel = thee and consonant = thuh. That's it.

But I noticed that native speakers deviate from this at least in two cases:

1. Use thee to emphasize the following noun

2. When searching for the noun to say, they often get it wrong because they say something like "uh, thee, thee, thee, uh, book" and never sweat it.

Source: I watched a lot of Monty Python as a kid and John Cleese does this all the time.