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GrapheneOS and Forensic Extraction of Data (2024)

https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/13107-grapheneos-and-forensic-extraction-of-data
192•SoKamil•3h ago

Comments

nithssh•3h ago
The post had some nice structural discussion about digital forensics
Thorrez•2h ago
[2024]

And it looks like this is the draft, and it was published on the author's blog here: https://telefoncek.si/2024/05/2024-05-30-grapheneos-and-fore...

p0w3n3d•2h ago
There is no such thing like "bad government" and "good government". I mean - it really depends on people's views, therefore we must not blissfully put our data into govt hands because "they will protect us from terrorists and child rapists". What they will do, actually, is that for sure they will abuse innocent citizens at some point of time. They will. Even if they don't, they will. Or maybe they are doing it right now and they need more control to make it easier
marcofloriano•2h ago
No. When the government fails to delivery what people need (not necessarily wants), you have a bad government. When gangs and bandits (or drugs, or diseases, or whatever) takes on the street, it's not about people's view, it's just bad stuff that the government need to address or there's no point on having a government.
pona-a•2h ago
The 50s~70s are idealized by many as an American golden age, despite higher reported crime. Law enforcement back then did not have AI-powered surveillance camera networks, widely deployed IMEI stingrays, private data-brokers, or the ability to remotely activate any phone's microphone with 0-click RCE.
crumpled•1h ago
What's the 0-click RCE thing?
dns_snek•1h ago
A type of exploit (Remote Code Execution) that can be used to secretly infect your device with spyware without requiring any interaction from you (0-click).
pona-a•1h ago
Pegasus [0] and the like — commercial spyware updated with the latest exploit chains, developed in-house or purchased from markets like Zerodium, sold as terrorism-prevention tools to such trustworthy states as Russia, UAE, and Hungary.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)

__MatrixMan__•2h ago
Agreed. There are problems that governments solve and if a government can't solve them it's a bad one.

Maybe consensus shifts (or goes away) about which problems are the domain of government, buy ultimately it's about efficacy against those. The rest is a distraction.

jbstack•1h ago
Aside from the fact that there's a subjective definition problem here (how do we decide what people "need"?), I think this an unrealistic view. By this definition, every government that has ever existed or ever will exist is a "bad" government because no government can ever tackle every single problem 100% of the time. Many problems are extremely difficult to solve (e.g. global warming), and others simply cannot be solved without creating other problems.

For example, people "need" access to healthcare, but there's essentially an unlimited amount of money you could spend to keep improving healthcare (e.g. opting for increasingly expensive treatments with diminishing returns on health outcomes). The more money you allocate to healthcare, the less you have available to spend on other things that people "need". Sure, you can tax more up to a point, but eventually that tap runs dry and you're forced to reallocate existing resources.

As another example, people "need" criminals to be punished in order to be able to live in a safe a crime-free society. People also "need" to not be put in prison when they are innocent. But you can never be 100% sure that a convicted criminal actually committed the crime. Locking up criminals implies by necessity that you will also lock up some innocent people. No government can solve both of these problems simultaneously which means they are all "bad".

Even the most competent "good" government ultimately has to select among which "bad" things it is going to allow to continue and which it will solve.

danans•1h ago
> Sure, you can tax more up to a point, but eventually that tap runs dry and you're forced to reallocate existing resources.

Since the 1980s, we have been consistently taxing less. If the tap is dry, it isn't because of over-taxation - it's because there's a reservoir of wealth hoarded by the relatively few.

A even cursory glance at the trajectory of wealth distribution will make that clear.

jbstack•1h ago
> Since the 1980s, we have been consistently taxing less

Who is "we"? We're talking about governments in general ("good" vs "bad" ones), and I have no idea what jurisdiction you are referring to.

In any case, I didn't say the tap is dry. I said if you keep raising taxes it will eventually run dry. Or to put it another way, taxes are not an unlimited resource that you can keep increasing as much as you'd like. At some point you'll hit a ceiling where raising taxes any further doesn't produce additional tax revenue.

For example, as you raise income tax rates, people have less incentive to advance their careers (e.g. by chasing promotions or improving their skills), and people have more incentive to leave the jurisdiction and go somewhere with lower taxes. Up to a point, the increase in tax rates produces a net extra revenue for the government. Above a certain point, the number of people who stop paying taxes (e.g. by leaving or by working less) outweighs the gains from those who continue to pay. This is why you'll rarely see any government with excessively high top-bracket tax rates (e.g. 60 - 100%), because it results in tax losses.

jonas21•11m ago
> Since the 1980s, we have been consistently taxing less.

Assuming "we" means the United States, this is not the case. Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP has been remarkably stable since the end of World War II [1].

The long-term average since 1945 is 16.85%, the average in the 1970s (i.e. the decade before the 80s) was 16.76%, and the average in the 2020s is 16.96%.

[1] https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFRGDA188S

dragonwriter•6m ago
> Since the 1980s, we have been consistently taxing less.

In the US at least, that’s the perception because the tax cuts get a lot more publicity than the increases; everyone know that Reagan passed what was, to that time, the biggest (at least in aggregate nominal terms) tax cut in US history, fewer know that he followed it with the biggest increase.

But what has actually happened is a series of tax burden shifts (often, downward from the wealthiest, though some have been the other way or largely orthogonal to wealth.)

dizhn•1h ago
"people" being their own citizens. Many governments do not limit their activities to their own people and they have almost opposite rules for their own people vs others. Not that the picture is so clear for their own people either.
Rygian•2h ago
> therefore we must not blissfully put our data into govt hands

Extending this reasoning, we should not blissfully put our data into anyone's hands.

Government mission at least have a veneer of public servants, as opposed to private hands whose only real motivation is fiduciary obligations towards the shareholders.

IlikeKitties•1h ago
> There is no such thing like "bad government" and "good government".

Of course there is, compare the government of Finland to that of North Korea. Just because there are shades of grey and human institutions are generally susceptible to corruption greed an power politics doesn't mean there aren't governments that are different not only in degree but in kind.

codys•46m ago
It is strange how folks are refusing to admit they can even _evaluate things_ in a bunch of cases. We're seeing that here, but I've also noticed it in other posts on HN: a disagreement with the position of the article is framed not as a distinct examination which comes to different conclusions, but instead commenters claim the post author was foolish in even attempting to evaluate the thing the post is about.

To some degree it feels like bits and pieces of anti-intellectualism getting into folks brains: rejecting the idea that folks can think about things at all.

squigz•1h ago
I think this sort of thinking is symptomatic of something very problematic: that if a government doesn't align with your views, it's a bad one. We've forgotten that, in order for a civilization to survive, with many, many viewpoints, we must compromise sometimes.
Anonyneko•1h ago
It's an interesting argument in theory, but in practice the government in my country of origin actively searches through people's phones to find evidence of wrongthink (e.g. donations or incriminating social media activity), for which they sentence people to incredibly long prison terms.

The latest example: https://en.zona.media/article/2025/08/27/irin

That said, no matter how secure GrapheneOS may be, for this particular threat a permanently clean phone is a necessity.

mordnis•44m ago
Maybe we should have no government, because they always have some information on us which can be abused
rangerelf•35m ago
You're being willfully dense, I do not believe it's up for debate.

Governments that public force to kidnap, torture, murder, "disappear" their own citizens, are bad. Plenty of examples to go around, both historically and currently: China, Russia, México, North Korea, Belarus, the balcans, plenty of African governments, etc.

It shouldn't matter that "34% of my neighbors" want me sent to a concentration camp, personally I wouldn't want to end up there.

The example you're giving, the whole "it really depends on people's views, ..." is a bad government.

And the truth is that it's easy to be a good government: don't be bad.

Edit: fixed a word.

chuckSu•25m ago
You’ve got quite a list of examples there. In 2025 that list of examples should include the US and Israel
jbstack•15m ago
Ok, so how do you categorise a country like Norway (typically viewed as a "good" country by most people) which knowingly invests money from its sovereign fund into companies which are linked to the Israeli military which (in many people's view) is currently causing genocide and widespread starvation?

At what point does the "good" cross over into the "bad"? Is it ok that having a highly regarded government comes at the price of dead children? How about the sizeable group of people (e.g. in the US and Israel) who don't believe there is any genocide at all? Doesn't that make the whole thing subjective?

KyleBerezin•5m ago
Or more likely, regardless of intentions, they will accidentally let it fall into a bad actors hands.
mrbluecoat•2h ago
TL;DR:

> Cellebrite admits they can not hack GrapheneOS if users had installed updates since late 2022.

azalemeth•2h ago
I really love Graphene OS but I _wish_ there was a version in which you could get a root shell and extract private data of apps you install when verified as the user. The developers are on record as saying that root blows a hole in their security model (it does!) but if there was _some_ way of doing it safely, so I can modify applications I as the user wish to, it would be my ideal OS. I know I could download and self sign it, but I'd rather not…
subscribed•1h ago
You can't have a cake and eat it. A root access is a big hole, there's no way mainline will support it.

As for the possible way, you answered yourself already (custom keys and images) :)

imiric•44m ago
> A root access is a big hole

How so?

On Linux, I can add an account to the sudoers list, and have the flexibility to configure the level of security appropriate for my use case. I have yet to experience any security issues (that I'm aware of). Why isn't this possible on my mobile device as well?

This absolute stance is not right. Security is not binary, but a spectrum. I should be allowed to have full control over my device without this being a security risk.

djrj477dhsnv•1h ago
I wish this as well. I make a userdebug build myself to get adb root, which isn't difficult, but would be a lot nicer if it were officially supported.
imiric•38m ago
That's interesting. Can you share a guide for doing that?
megaloblasto•1h ago
I've always found it strange that GrapheneOS only runs on Google hardware. Can anyone explain this choice?
keerthiko•1h ago
most of the explanation from the horse's mouth will be found here:

https://grapheneos.org/faq#device-support

megaloblasto•1h ago
Thanks

> These devices meet the stringent privacy and security standards and have substantial upstream and downstream hardening specific to the devices

It still seems strange. A big part of GrapheneOS is to provide a safeguard from Googles data hoarding, yet it works primarily on Google phones.

fdsfdsfdsaasd•1h ago
Yes, a situation that Google is steadily fixing.
warkdarrior•28m ago
Conspiracy theory time: GrapheneOS is a skunkworks project from Google, to sell more Pixel hardware.
AlgebraFox•1h ago
They've clearly explained here. I'm not sure how many people would keep asking the same question without even doing a simple web search.

https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices

megaloblasto•1h ago
Someone clearly replied with the same link. I'm not sure how many people would keep replying the same thing without even doing a simple thread search.
garciansmith•59m ago
They posted within a minute of each other, so likely did not see the the response and were typing theirs as the other got posted.
tcfhgj•10m ago
not sure if it is an explanation or a justification
sandreas•1h ago
AFAIK the Pixel devices are the only ones that reliably allow bootloader unlocking / re-locking, that is required to perform custom os installs.

There are others e.g. Motorola ones or Fairphone, that also allow this but it's a good idea to focus on a specific set of devices keeping maintenance as low as possible and security focus as high as possible.

There are alternatives like /eOS/ or CalyxOS supporting more devices and I experienced exactly this "no longer supported" issue with my Xiaomi A2, which suddenly disappeared from the list of supported devices (see https://calyxos.org/news/2021/03/29/mi-a2-ten-firmware/).

octo888•1h ago
Curious if you've already read the comprehensive FAQ entry and are trying to imply something?
megaloblasto•57m ago
Kind of. I don't use grapheneOS and I'd like to, but de-googling your phone by buying a Google phone seems a bit sketchy. I don't want to take away from a privacy focused project. I'm super thankful for this option and I can't stand android or iPhone. But in the back of my mind I wonder if I'm being tricked.
SirHumphrey•11m ago
As for why graphene uses graphene uses pixels - their FAQ does a good job explaining. As for why google keeps the bootloader opened and maintains (until recently) good enough device-tree support- I would guess mostly historical reasons? Before becoming as mainstream as they are now nexus and pixel phones used to be in part android development devices and certain creature comforts stuck. This seems to be souring though, so some of the people there may be in talks with an OEM for a graphene os specific device[1].

[1]: https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/23886-partnership-between-g...

megaloblasto•6m ago
This is great info. Thanks.
reactordev•1h ago
As long as the USB port of your phone is used, you can not stop it. This is the backdoor the governments want without having to be tethered. Vote for privacy. Vote against the police state. Vote for freedom.

Libertarian rant aside. Governments fund these kinds of operations in secret so they can "effectively do their jobs". There's a ton of subcontractors working on AWS platforms that do analysis of this UFED "dump". (just a zip file of your phones directories). Emails, Phone logs, Carrier settings, Browser History, Text Messages, Cookies, Apps, App Logs, App Data, if it's on your phone, it's in the zip.

WithinReason•1h ago
> As long as the USB port of your phone is used, you can not stop it.

According to TFA GrapheneOS can disable the USB port too

reactordev•49m ago
Which is the only defense when law enforcement takes your phone. GrapheneOS is the only ones that will let you.
nixgeek•1h ago
This feels like countering insinuations on the Internet with insinuations on the Internet.

Cellebrite doesn't publicly publish the latest support matrix so we have no real idea what progress if any they've made against recent iPhones and iOS versions, nor any real detail on how something like Lockdown Mode influences outcomes for their software.

Nor does this show anything about Pixel 9 or Pixel 10 and the newest variants of Android OS (which for Pixel 10 makes sense given (2024), but for Pixel 9 does it?).

What we do know as both companies disclose this is that Apple implements particularly with Advanced Data Protection enabled significantly more E2EE than Google, and both companies invest significantly through i.e. Apple's SEAR into the security of their hardware, software and platforms.

That GrapheneOS exists is great but I don't think this post helps much.

vqtska•1h ago
There is someone who leaks Cellebrite's support matrix to GrapheneOS dev's and it confirms that they are still unable to exploit it.

"Their documentation has explicitly listed GrapheneOS for years due to the high demand from their customers for breaking into it. It shows they were last able to exploit a GrapheneOS release with a 2022 or earlier patch level.

We have their June 2025 documentation and could obtain the newer documentation if we ask for it, but we have much bigger priorities than that right now and we would have been contacted by the main person providing it if anything relevant changed."

https://x.com/GrapheneOS/status/1965464817914831070

jeroenhd•57m ago
Documents have been leaked at the beginning of this year: https://osservatorionessuno.org/blog/2025/03/a-deep-dive-int... which do include the Pixel 9. They show GrapheneOS being pretty secure in comparison to other vendors at the very least, with GrapheneOS being marked as unsupported if patched beyond 2022. They also show GrapheneOS beating the stock Google firmware.

One reason GrapheneOS fights these threads is by doing what Google doesn't want to do out of user friendliness, like disabling USB in AFU mode. Unlike Google, Samsung, or Apple in non-lockdown mode, GrapheneOS doesn't need to deal with upset users when they need to unlock their phone before hooking it up to their car/display/flash drive/3.5mm jack converter/etc.

GrapheneOS also enables security features when compiling the OS that have a performance impact but mitigate security risks. They end up with a slower phone with less battery life that's protected better against extremely uncommon attack vectors.

GrapheneOS explained how these security features would've prevented at least one targeted attack from leading to exploitation: https://grapheneos.social/@GrapheneOS/114081909020398165

We don't know the current state of Celebrite's capabilities, but the fact they struggled for at least three years last time intel leaked out does paint a good picture for GrapheneOS. I'm sure the GRU and NSA have exploits that can hack even GrapheneOS, but at least they're not the type that makes it into commercially available exploit kits as of now.

Crontab•31m ago
I am probably the only one but the geek in me would love to see an article where digital forensics are used against the most common operating systems in their most secure configuration - just to see how they compare with one another.
bflesch•23m ago
Most corporate digital forensics happen with written authorization of the owner, e.g. the company, of the device. They are initiated because the owner (or "principal") wants to find out what one of their agents (CEO, employee, you name it) have done with the device, and want to reconstruct and document how the owner was (financially) hurt by the agent's action.

Basically forensics is only needed because of the "principal/agent problem" which is described in game theory science. And in a digital forensics examination, most of the time you will get access to some sort of credentials for the system. Modern companies also have EDR tools installed on their devices which can be (ab)used for evidence collection as well, or are even cloud native so the devices only have a copy of the data while the master data resides on the server.

Now looking only on smartphones the evidence collection also needs to fight against the smartphone vendors, who do not cooperate even though the owner of the smartphone wants to figure out what happend with this smartphone. Biggest reason I see here because the smartphone device stack (incl. communications chips) are still a very black-box entity with many intelligence interests into keeping them easily exploitable. You notice that the more smartphone exploitation is democratized the more the smartphone vendors try to stop the bleeding (because it is bad PR) and intelligence agencies have many different other layers of the hardware/wireless stacks with non-public firmware to exploit.

So in terms of laptop/desktop forensics, I wouldn't say there is a big difference, because you will mostly get the passwords anyways. Negative mention maybe the anti-self-maintenance devices that apple is shipping.

Of course the "have password" does not apply with digital forensics of law enforcement agencies, there is a lot of politics involved in who gets access to which magic tools or not.

For smartphones basically every three letter agency on the planet can own you within 30 seconds and get all your data and use it as a bugging device, and some deep pockets can buy the specialized extraction hardware (incl. exploits) from ex-intelligence public service workes who are looking to "cash out". So all of them are lying to you if they say they are secure in any way.

On top of that, like with all cloud services, there are numerous stories of engineers at all the big tech companies snooping around in your personal data. It's just testament to their good PR teams to keep these issues buried. I can only imagine the private porn stacks going around between senior engineers at some of these companies.

dsign•15m ago
This kinds of make me want to get a pixel and install GrafeneOS there.

I'll admit that big companies may have some incentive to protect their users' privacy; but they are an easy legal target. If tomorrow the US or EU pass legislation that mandates a backdoor in all mobile devices, the entire world is screwed.

into_ruin•12m ago
FWIW, the UK recently cited the Investigatory Powers Act of 2016 in an attempt to force Apple to create a backdoor, but Apple refused
truelson•11m ago
My last pixel (4a) started falling apart after about a year and a half. Is there an android device that's a bit more hardy? I switched back to apple as I was able to use an SE for YEARS. Would love to try running GrapheneOS, though.

GrapheneOS and Forensic Extraction of Data (2024)

https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/13107-grapheneos-and-forensic-extraction-of-data
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