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America's top companies keep talking about AI – but can't explain the upsides

https://www.ft.com/content/e93e56df-dd9b-40c1-b77a-dba1ca01e473
82•1vuio0pswjnm7•3h ago

Comments

sydbarrett74•3h ago
AI provides cover to lay people off, or else commit constructive dismissal.
zippyman55•3h ago
Agreed! The people who did not work hard but were kept employed ala “bullshit work” are being removed.
bravetraveler•2h ago
Eh, I have plenty of "bullshit work". Only that, actually, for the foreseeable future.

Building clusters six servers at a time... that last the order of weeks, appeasing "stakeholders" that are closer to steaks.

Whole lot of empty movement and minds behind these 'investments'. FTE that amounts to contracted, disposed, labor to support The Hype.

lotsofpulp•2h ago
Constructive dismissal and layoffs are mutually exclusive.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_dismissal

>In employment law, constructive dismissal occurs when an employee resigns due to the employer creating a hostile work environment.

No employee is resigning when an employer tells the employee they are terminated due to AI replacing them.

heavyset_go•2h ago
AI is what you tell the board/investors is the reason for layoffs and attrition.

Layoffs and attrition happen for reasons that are not positive, AI provides a positive spin.

lmm•2h ago
> No employee is resigning when an employer tells the employee they are terminated due to AI replacing them.

No, but some are resigning when they're told their bonus is being cut because they didn't use enough AI.

discordance•2h ago
This comes to mind: "MIT Media Lab/Project NANDA released a new report that found that 95% of investments in gen AI have produced zero returns" [0]

Enterprise is way too cozy with the big cloud providers, who bought into it and sold it on so heavily.

0: https://fortune.com/2025/08/18/mit-report-95-percent-generat...

bawolff•2h ago
If the theory is that 1% will be a unicorns that will make you a trillionaire, i think investors would be ok with that.

The real question is do those unicorns exist or is it all worthless.

orionblastar•2h ago
Have to pay the power bill for the data centers for GAI. Might not be profitable.
thenaturalist•2h ago
Fun fact, the report was/ is so controversial, that the link to the NANDA paper linked in fortune has been put behind a Google Form you now need to complete prior to being able to access it.
losteric•1h ago
Doubt the form has anything to do with how "controversial" it is. NANDA is using the paper's popularity to collect marketing data.
matwood•1m ago
I wonder people ever read what they link.

> The core issue? Not the quality of the AI models, but the “learning gap” for both tools and organizations. While executives often blame regulation or model performance, MIT’s research points to flawed enterprise integration. Generic tools like ChatGPT excel for individuals because of their flexibility, but they stall in enterprise use since they don’t learn from or adapt to workflows, Challapally explained.

The 95% isn't a knock on the AI tools, but that enterprises are bad at integration. Large enterprises being bad at integration is a story as long as time. IMO, reading beyond the headline, the report highlights the value of today's AI tools because they are leading to enterprises trying to integrate faster than they normally would.

"AI tools found to be useful, but integration is hard like always" is a headline that would have gotten zero press.

CyberMacGyver•2h ago
Our new CTO was remarking that our engineering teams AI spend is too low. I believe we have already committed a lot of money but only using 5% of the subscription.

This is likely why there is a lot of push from the top. They have already committed the money now having to justify it.

hn_throwaway_99•1h ago
> They have already committed the money now having to justify it.

As someone who has been in senior engineering management, it's helpful to understand the real reason, and this is definitely not it.

First, these AI subscriptions are usually month-to-month, and these days with the AI landscape changing so quickly, most companies would be reluctant to lock in a longer term even if there were a discount. So it's probably not hard to quickly cancel AI spend for SaaS products.

Second, the vast majority of companies understand sunk cost fallacy. If they truly believed AI wouldn't be a net benefit, they wouldn't force people to use it just because they already paid for it. Salaries for engineers are a hell of a lot more than their AI costs.

The main reason for the push from the top is probably because they believe companies that don't adopt AI strategies now and ensure their programmers are familiar with AI toolsets will be at a competitive disadvantage. Note they may even believe that today's AI systems may not be much of a net benefit, but they probably see the state of the art advancing quickly so that companies who take a wait-and-see approach will be late to the game when AI is a substantial productivity enhancer.

I'm not at all saying you have to buy into this "FOMO rationale", but just saying "they already paid the money so that's why they want us to use it" feels like a bad excuse and just broadcasts a lack of understanding of how the vast majority of businesses work.

sschnei8•1h ago
Do you have any data to backup the claim: “vast majority of companies understand suck cost fallacy.”

I’m assuming you meant “sunk” not “suck”. Not familiar with the suck fallacy.

viccis•1h ago
>I’m assuming you meant “sunk” not “suck”. Not familiar with the suck fallacy.

There was no need to post this.

ajcp•1h ago
> this is definitely not it.

> is probably because

I don't mean to be contrary, but these statements stand in opposition, so I'm not sure why you are so confidently weighing in on this.

Also, while I'm sure you've "been in senior engineering management", it doesn't seem like you've been in an organization that doesn't do engineering as it's product offering. I think this article is addressing the 99% of companies that have some amount of engineers, but does not do engineering. That is to say: "My company does shoes. My senior leadership knows how to do shoes. I don't care about my engineering prowess, we do shoes. If someone says I can spend less on the thing that isn't my business (engineering) then yes, I want to do that."

hn_throwaway_99•1h ago
>> this is definitely not it.

>> is probably because

> I don't mean to be contrary, but these statements stand in opposition

No, they don't. It's perfectly consistent to say one reason is certainly wrong without saying another much more likely reason is definitely right.

nelox•1h ago
> The main reason for the push from the top is probably because they believe companies that don't adopt AI strategies now and ensure their programmers are familiar with AI toolsets will be at a competitive disadvantage. Note they may even believe that today's AI systems may not be much of a net benefit, but they probably see the state of the art advancing quickly so that companies who take a wait-and-see approach will be late to the game when AI is a substantial productivity enhancer.

Yes, this is the correct answer.

empiko•1h ago
Agreed. I think that many companies force people to use AI in hopes that somebody will stumble upon a killer use case. They don't want competitors to get there first.
watwut•1h ago
Companies do not necessarily understand sunk cost fallacy.

> ensure their programmers are familiar with AI toolsets will be at a competitive disadvantage

But more importantly, this is completely inconsistent with how banks approach any other programming tool or how they approach lifelong learning. They are 100% comfortable with people not learning on the job in just about any other situation.

dijit•42m ago
yeah, I’ve been in so many companies where “sweetheart deals” force the use of some really shitty tech.

Both when the money has been actually committed and when it’s usage based.

I have found that companies are rarely rational and will not “leave money on the table”

vjvjvjvjghv•1h ago
Wish my company did this. I would love to learn more about AI but the company is too cheap to buy subscriptions
mgh2•2h ago
https://archive.is/133z6
groby_b•2h ago
Simple fact: AI is extremely powerful, in the hands of experts who invested time in deeply understanding it, and in understanding how to actually use it well. Who are then willing to commit more time to build an actually sustainable solution.

Alas, many members of the C suite do not exactly fit that description. They just have typed in a prompt or three, marveled that a computer can reply, and fantasize that it's basically a human replacement.

There are going to be a lot of (figurative, incorporated) dead bodies on the floor. But there will also be a few winners who actually understood what they were doing, and the wins will be massive. Same as it was post dot-com.

stretchwithme•2h ago
AI is useful to people who read and understand the answers and who would have eventually come up with a similar result on their own.

They have judgement. They can improve what was generated. They can fix a result when it falls short of the objective.

And they know when to give up on trying to get AI to understand. When rephrasing won't improve next word prediction. Which happens when the situation is complex.

pempem•1h ago
It also happens when you ask it to do simple things like create comments. At least 400 words and still it will regurgitate/synthesize, often with a "!", the content you're asking it to comment on.
bigstrat2003•28m ago
> AI is useful to people who read and understand the answers and who would have eventually come up with a similar result on their own.

I am such a one, and AI isn't useful to me. The answers it gives me are routinely so bad, I can just answer my own questions with a search engine or product documentation faster than I can get the AI to give me something. Often enough I can never get the AI to give me something useful. The current products are shockingly bad relative to the level of hype being thrown about.

SchemaLoad•2h ago
Something I've noticed is LLMs seem to be able to answer questions on everything, in quite a lot of detail. But I can't seem to get them to actually do anything useful, you basically have to hand hold them the entire way to the point they don't really add value. I'm sure there is plenty of research in to this, but there does seem to be a big difference between being able to answer questions, and actual intelligence.

For example I have some product ideas in my head for things to 3D print, but I don't know enough about design to come up with the exact mechanisms and hinges for it. I've tried the chatbots but none of them can really tell me anything useful. But once I already know the answer, they can list all kinds of details and know all about the specific mechanisms. But are completely unable to suggest them to me when I don't mention them by name in the prompt.

01100011•2h ago
AI isn't about what you are able to do with it. AI is about the fear of what your competitors can do with it.

I said a couple years ago that the big companies would have trouble monetizing it, but they'd still be forced to spend for fear of becoming obsolete.

ksec•1h ago
If we ignore coding or tech industry for a min. Other companies Keep demanding new Report on certain things, and AI is doing that. Is it productive? probably not. But do execs loves it? Yes.

In a non-start up, bureaucratic companies, these report are there to make cover ups, or basically to cover everyone's ass so no one is doing anything wrong because the report said so.

jandrewrogers•1h ago
For the type of work I typically do, AI is hopelessly terrible. Not too surprising because there is zero training data.
paulddraper•1h ago
So how do you learn?
oblio•1h ago
Trial and error?
vjvjvjvjghv•1h ago
This reminds me of the internet in 2000. Lots of companies doing .COM stuff but many didn’t understand what they were doing and why they were doing it. But in the end the internet was a huge game changer. I see the same with AI. There will be a lot of money wasted but in the end AI will be huge transformation.
nelox•1h ago
The claim that big US companies “cannot explain the upsides” of AI is misleading. Large firms are cautious in regulatory filings because they must disclose risks, not hype. SEC rules force them to emphasise legal and security issues, so those filings naturally look defensive. Earnings calls, on the other hand, are overwhelmingly positive about AI. The suggestion that companies only adopt AI out of fear of missing out ignores the concrete examples already in place. Huntington Ingalls is using AI in battlefield decision tools, Zoetis in veterinary diagnostics, Caterpillar in energy systems, and Freeport-McMoran in mineral extraction. These are significant operational changes.

It is also wrong to frame limited stock outperformance as proof that AI has no benefit. Stock prices reflect broader market conditions, not just adoption of a single technology. Early deployments rarely transform earnings instantly. The internet looked commercially underwhelming in the mid-1990s too, before business models matured.

The article confuses the immaturity of current generative AI pilots with the broader potential of applied AI. Failures of workplace pilots usually result from integration challenges, not because the technology lacks value. The fact that 374 S&P 500 companies are openly discussing it shows the opposite of “no clear upside” — it shows wide strategic interest.

julkali•31m ago
The issue is that the examples you listed mostly rely on very specific machine learning tools (which are very much relevant and good use of this tech), while the term "AI" in layman terms is usually synonymous for LLMs.

Mentioning the mid-1990s' internet boom is somewhat ironic imo, given what happened next. The question is whether "business models mature" with or without a market crash, given that the vast majority of ML money is provided for LLM efforts.

comp_throw7•31s ago
(You're responding to an LLM-generated comment, btw.)
gethly•34m ago
Because AI is a financial bubble and it is the only thing holding up the entire US stock market. But the day of reckoning of near.
joebob42•30m ago
Are you using it? I genuinely don't understand how people who are experimenting with the tool can feel this way
stevedonovan•16m ago
It's not inconsistent to say there's a financial bubble and also genuinely think it's a new era for software development.

There aren't enough programmers to justify the valuations and capex

andyst•26m ago
the AI umbrella has been helpful to my BigCorp to justify more machine learning work, or discrete optimisation and scheduling problems

agentic ai which is a huge buzz in enterprise feels more like workflow and rpa (again) and people misunderstanding that getting the happy flow working is only 20% of the job.

firefoxd•13m ago
For most companies AI is a subscription service you sign up for. Because of great marketing campaigns, it has become a necessary tax. If you don't pay, the penalty is you lose value because it doesn't look like you are embracing the future. If you pay, well it's just a tax that you hope your employees will somehow benefit from.
jraby3•4m ago
As a small business owner in a non tech business (60 employees, $40M revenue), AI is definitely worth $20/month but not as I anticipated.

I thought we'd use it to reduce our graphics department but instead we've begun outsourcing designers to Colombia.

What I actually use it for is to save time and legal costs. For example a client in bankruptcy owes us $20k. Not worth hiring an attorney to walk us through bankruptcy filings. But can easily ask ChatGPT to summarize legal notices and advise us what to do next as a creditor.

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