This is truly unhinged. I wonder if running an installer under wine in win95 mode will do this.
This as well. I know there are a million ways for a malicious installer to brick Win95, but a particularly funny one is highjacking the OS to perpetually rewrite its own system components back to compromised version number ∞ whenever another installer tries to clean things up.
This is bog-standard boring stuff (when presented with a similar problem, Linux invented containers lol) - read some of his other posts to realize the extent Microsoft went to maintain backwards compatibility - some are insane, some no doubt led to security issues, but you have to respect the drive.
Containers are in fact redirecting writes so an installer script could not replace system libraries.
The equivalent would be a Linux distro having the assumption that installer scripts will overwrite /usr/lib/libopenssl.so.1 with its own version and just keeping a backup somewhere and copying it back after the script executes.
No OS that I know of does that because it’s unhinged and well on Linux it would probably break the system due to ABI compatibility.
If they had taken essentially the same approach as wine and functionally created a WINEPREFIX per application then it would not be unhinged.
edit: also to be clear, I respect their commitment to backwards compatibility which is what leads to these unhinged decisions. I thoroughly enjoy Raymond Chen’s dev blog because of how unhinged early windows was.
Windows may have suffered its share of bad architectural decisions, but unhinged is a word that I wouldn't apply to their work on Windows.
If an installer expects to be able to overwrite a file and fails to do so, it might crash, leaving the user with a borked installation.
Of course you can blame the installer, but resolution of the problem might take a long time, or might never happen, depending on the willingness of the vendor to fix it.
As TFA says:
You even had installers that took even more extreme measures and said, “Okay, fine, I can’t overwrite the file, so I’m going to reboot the system and then overwrite the file from a batch file, see if you can stop me.”
Granted, but at the same time it's also resolutely pragmatic.
Apparently there was already lots of software out there which expected to be able to write new versions of system components. As well as buggy software that incidentally expected to be able to write old versions, because its developers ignored Microsoft's published best practices (not to mention common sense) and and didn't bother to do a version comparison first.
The choice was to break the old software, or let it think it succeeded then clean up after the mess it made. I'd bet they considered other alternatives (e.g. sandbox each piece of software with its own set of system libraries, or intercept and override DLL calls thus ignoring written files altogether) but those introduce more complexity and redirection with arguably little benefit. (I do wonder if the cleanup still happens if something like an unexpected reboot or power loss happens at exactly the wrong time).
Could the OS have been architected in a more robust fashion from the get-go? Of course.
Could they have simply forbidden software from downgrading system components? Sure, but it'd break installers and degrade the user experience.
Since the OS historically tolerated the broken behavior, they were kind of stuck continuing to tolerate it. One thing I learned leading groups of people is if you make a rule but don't enforce it, then it isn't much of a rule (at least not one you can rely on).
I would argue the deeper mistake was not providing more suitable tooling for developers to ensure the presence of compatible versions of shared libraries. This requires a bit of game theory up front; you want to always make the incorrect path frictiony and the correct one seamless.
> Basically, Windows 95 waited for each installer to finish
How could it tell that a particular process was an installer? Just anything that writes to the PROGRA~1 or WINDOWS folders?
You see all the wacky software that doesn't follow the rules properly, does whatever it wants, breaks things. And you have to figure out how Windows can accommodate all that software, keep it from breaking, and also prevent it from messing up a computer or undo the damage.
They did not have the option of saying "this app developer wrote shitty software, sucks to be them, not my problem."
I wonder how much of this problem was caused by lack of adequate documentation describing how an installer should behave, and how much was developers not reading that documentation and being content when it works on their machine.
It was mostly the latter. And when Windows broke, people would blame it on Microsoft, not on the software they installed. The same if the software broke. And you didn’t have online updates at the time that could retroactively add fixes. So Microsoft had to do everything they could to ensure broken software would still work, while also keeping Windows working, the best they could.
I think they chose to do everything they could to keep it limping along. An alternative would've been a name-and-shame approach, like "This program crashed because the author made this mistake: [short description or code or whatever]", and leave them out to try until the devs stopped doing those dumb things. After a few years of pain, people would've gotten with the program, so to speak. Instead, they chose the path that put zero pressure on devs to write correctly-behaving software.
Not necessarily. This was still very much the time in which choosing to stick with an old version which worked (e.g. Windows 3.1) wasn't uncommon.
Just look at how many people jumped from XP to 7 due to the network effect of "Vista sucks" and then multiply that by the fact that, at the time of 3.1->95, people had far fewer computer security concerns, if any.
And what does the customer do if the vendor has discontinued it? Or charges for an upgrade? Or has gone out of business?
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20031224-00/?p=41...
Oh, I'm pretty sure another one was "what if you're wrong/have a false positive detection, and slander another company, one with lawyers?"
This was even more important at a time when Microsoft had actual competition in the OS space and people weren't able to just go online and download updates.
Reasonable people can disagree on a lot of things in programming. But I still do not understand how one can consider writing to memory the OS owns to be ok. It's sheer professional malpractice to do that kind of thing. With stuff like that, I don't think that any amount of documentation would have helped. The issue was that those programmers simply did not care about anything except getting their own program working, and did whatever the most expedient method was to get there.
Your manager tells you to reduce memory usage of the program "or else".
I've been there and done it, and I offer no apologies. The platform preferred and the requirements demanded by The Powers That Be were not my fault.
Things were different back then. People did a lot of hacky stuff to fit their programs into memory, because you were genuinely constrained by hardware limitations.
Not to mention, the idea of the OS owning the machine was not as well developed as it is today. Windows 3.11 was just another program, it didn't have special permissions like modern OSes, and you would routinely bypass it to talk to the hardware directly.
Go to Vogons and look at all of the memory tricks people will use to get various games running on MS-DOS. This kind of juggling exactly which drivers to load, etc. is why Microsoft added the boot menu in MS-DOS 6.0 to CONFIG.SYS.
I'm not necessarily saying that this was the case here, but it smells like that to me.
Yes, the real, can't say no world of system software is not what one might wish.
1. Convince people to distribute programs via installers.
2. Provide some way that installers can tell the OS that they're an installer (and not invent 5 different ways to do this!)
3. Convince the creators of installers to actually use that function.
4. Convince library creators to maintain backward compatibility (big ask).
5. Convince people to not fork said libraries, creating ambiguous upgrade paths.
6. If there are multiple distros, convince them all to use the same backup/restore format for libraries (and not treat their own favorite libraries as "special")
They absolutely created 10 different ways to install software; they didn't really advertised they were an installer; the only backward compatible thing there are the MS libraries; there was no common backup/restore format.
Instead, the Unix people made a mechanism for random programs to use their own libraries and not touch the system one. In fact, Windows had one too, but most applications still decided they need to break the system.
Unlike <arbitrary heuristic>, it's so easy to reason about. I wish this kind of approach was still viable.
forkerenok•1h ago
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elzbardico•42m ago