1. Parents' own socioeconomic status
2. Parents' educational attainment
3. Parents' working memory (since this is one of the measures, and it's somewhat heritable)
Not easy at all.
Though I admit I'm privileged by living in Norway and don't have to work crazy hours to make ends meet.
There is no breakdown for different ages. Its very likely that the effect on a one year old and an eight year old would be very different.
There is no breakdown of what they are watching.
A whole of of confounding variables. Screen time is inevitably going to be associated with less adult attention which is known to be a major factor in development. Lots of others.
Markoff•1h ago
Cumulative average exposure models showed that screen viewing time over childhood was consistently associated with poorer academic performance but not working memory.