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Accumulation of Cognitive Debt When Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task

https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872
27•stephen_g•2h ago•2 comments

Lisp-stat: Lisp environment for statistical computing

https://lisp-stat.dev/about/
25•oumua_don17•1d ago•5 comments

Modifying an HDMI dummy plug's EDID using a Raspberry Pi

https://www.downtowndougbrown.com/2025/06/modifying-an-hdmi-dummy-plugs-edid-using-a-raspberry-pi/
209•zdw•12h ago•55 comments

Twin – A Textmode WINdow Environment

https://github.com/cosmos72/twin
62•kim_rutherford•8h ago•11 comments

Let's Talk About ChatGPT-Induced Spiritual Psychosis

https://default.blog/p/lets-talk-about-chatgpt-induced-spiritual
47•greenie_beans•6h ago•30 comments

Why SSL was renamed to TLS in late 90s (2014)

https://tim.dierks.org/2014/05/security-standards-and-name-changes-in.html
218•Bogdanp•14h ago•108 comments

Chemical knowledge and reasoning of large language models vs. chemist expertise

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-025-01815-x
37•bookofjoe•1d ago•7 comments

Telephone Exchanges in the UK

https://telephone-exchanges.org.uk/
102•petecooper•9h ago•35 comments

Canyon.mid

https://canyonmid.com/
255•LorenDB•15h ago•149 comments

Childhood leukemia: how a deadly cancer became treatable

https://ourworldindata.org/childhood-leukemia-treatment-history
179•surprisetalk•15h ago•44 comments

Reinventing circuit breakers with supercritical CO2

https://spectrum.ieee.org/sf6-gas-replacement
63•rbanffy•5h ago•25 comments

First 2D, non-silicon computer developed

https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/worlds-first-2d-non-silicon-computer-developed
82•giuliomagnifico•3d ago•13 comments

Datalog in Rust

https://github.com/frankmcsherry/blog/blob/master/posts/2025-06-03.md
263•brson•17h ago•27 comments

Datalog in miniKanren

https://deosjr.github.io/dynamicland/datalog.html
89•deosjr•12h ago•8 comments

DARPA program sets distance record for power beaming

https://www.darpa.mil/news/2025/darpa-program-distance-record-power-beaming
23•gnabgib•6h ago•11 comments

Simplest C++ Callback, from SumatraPDF

https://blog.kowalczyk.info/a-stsj/simplest-c-callback-from-sumatrapdf.html
93•jandeboevrie•11h ago•71 comments

How to modify Starlink Mini to run without the built-in WiFi router

https://olegkutkov.me/2025/06/15/how-to-modify-starlink-mini-to-run-without-the-built-in-wifi-router/
277•LorenDB•16h ago•74 comments

The Hewlett-Packard Archive

https://hparchive.com
7•joebig•2h ago•0 comments

Meta's Llama 3.1 can recall 42 percent of the first Harry Potter book

https://www.understandingai.org/p/metas-llama-31-can-recall-42-percent
90•aspenmayer•17h ago•112 comments

Random Walk: A Modern Introduction [pdf]

https://www.math.uchicago.edu/~lawler/srwbook.pdf
16•Anon84•3d ago•0 comments

KAIST Succeeds in Real-Time CO2 Monitoring Without Batteries or External Power

https://news.kaist.ac.kr/newsen/html/news/?mode=V&mng_no=47450
15•gnabgib•6h ago•3 comments

Fields where Native Americans farmed a thousand years ago discovered in Michigan

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/massive-field-where-native-american-farmers-grew-corn-beans-and-squash-1000-years-ago-discovered-in-michigan-180986758/
170•CoopaTroopa•3d ago•73 comments

Cure Dolly's Japanese Grammar Lessons

https://kellenok.github.io/cure-script/
68•agnishom•1d ago•11 comments

David Attenborough at 99: 'I will not see how the story ends'

https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/celebrity/article/david-attenborough-book-extract-age-99-lj3rd2fg7
150•herbertl•7h ago•65 comments

Cyborg Embryos Offer New Insights into Brain Growth

https://spectrum.ieee.org/embryo-electrode-array
18•rbanffy•3d ago•0 comments

Jokes and Humour in the Public Android API

https://voxelmanip.se/2025/06/14/jokes-and-humour-in-the-public-android-api/
17•todsacerdoti•4h ago•4 comments

Foundations of Computer Vision

https://visionbook.mit.edu
163•tzury•18h ago•6 comments

How fast can the RPython GC allocate?

https://pypy.org/posts/2025/06/rpython-gc-allocation-speed.html
36•todsacerdoti•9h ago•8 comments

It’s nearly impossible to buy an original Bob Ross painting (2021)

https://thehustle.co/why-its-nearly-impossible-to-buy-an-original-bob-ross-painting
121•rmason•8h ago•112 comments

An Introduction to the Hieroglyphic Language of Early 1900s Train-Hoppers

https://www.openculture.com/2018/08/hobo-code-introduction-hieroglyphic-language-early-1900s-train-hoppers.html
34•squircle•9h ago•4 comments
Open in hackernews

Telephone Exchanges in the UK

https://telephone-exchanges.org.uk/
102•petecooper•9h ago

Comments

biofox•8h ago
This is an impressive feat of cataloguing!

Considering the telecom system is at the bedrock of almost all modern technologies, it really doesn't get enough love or attention in the public mind.

The dull derelict-looking, and often graffitied, buildings that house the system doesn't reflect just how cool the infrastructure is.

rwmj•7h ago
My physics teacher in the 1980s (sadly RIP a few years ago[1]) told me that the location of telephone exchanges was a UK state secret. The theory was that the Russians would nuke them destroying the country's ability to communicate, but as their location was a secret that outcome could be prevented. 40+ years on, I wonder if any of that was actually true?

[1] https://johnchess.blogspot.com/2019/11/david-welch-1945-2019...

toyg•7h ago
The dullness is eerily consistent. Even in the age of privatisation, when everything is a brand, these buildings are devoid of markings. So it might well be true, we just stopped worrying about it once the cold war was officially over (once we realized the Russians already knew everything they needed anyway).
edent•7h ago
Sort of, yes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Tower#Secrecy
biofox•6h ago
Two more examples of exchanges that were kept secret:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_telephone_exchange

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_telephone_exchange

lxgr•5h ago
Wait, what? What else were people supposed to assume about the purpose of a huge tower with very noticeable horn antennas (widely used for long-distance phone calls over line-of-sight microwave at the time)?
snthd•6h ago
>As our [1978] trial started, witness after witness from security sites tried to claim that openly published information was in fact secret. In a typical interchange, one Sigint unit chief was shown a road sign outside his base:

> Q: Is that the name of your unit?

> A: I cannot answer that question, that is a secret.

> Q: Is that the board which passers-by on the main road see outside your unit’s base?

> A: Yes.

> Q: Read it out to the jury, please.

> A: I cannot do that. It is a secret.

>Official panic set in. The foreign secretary who GCHQ had bullied into having us accused of spying wrote that “almost any accommodation is to be preferred” to allowing our trial to continue. A Ministry of Defense report in September 1978, now released, disclosed that the “prosecuting counsel has come to the view that there have been so many published references to the information Campbell has acquired and the conclusions he has drawn from it that the chances of success with [the collection charge] are not good.”

>My lawyer overheard the exasperated prosecutor saying that he would allow the government to continue with the espionage charge against me “over [his] dead body.” The judge, a no-nonsense Welsh lawyer, was also fed up with the secrecy pantomime. He demanded the government scrap the espionage charges. They did.

GCHQ and Me, My Life Unmasking British Eavesdroppers -- Duncan Campbell

https://theintercept.com/2015/08/03/life-unmasking-british-e...

JdeBP•5h ago
In hindsight, that does seem a little ridiculous; yet it was indeed the thinking. One could see where the exchanges were by simple dint of visiting a place. Soviet spies would just have had to walk around a bit.

Of course, nuclear weapons wouldn't even have had to specifically target exchanges in order to disrupt electronic communications as they already were by the 1980s.

It was amusing to learn a decade ago that the U.S.S.R. military had far more complete maps of many parts of the U.K. than Ordnance Survey published. Apparently down to Soviet spies just walking around a bit, playing tourist.

ipdashc•8h ago
In a similar vein, but for the US: https://www.co-buildings.com/ (And a shoutout to https://long-lines.com/)
tdeck•8h ago
If anyone is interested in telephone exchange technology at all, I highly recommend checking out the Connections Museum in Seattle. They have multiple eras of electromechanical switching equipment up and running, and a huge collection of cool old phones, teletypes and payphones. They also have a great YouTube channel with very knowledgeable people.

https://www.telcomhistory.org/ConnectionsSeattle.html

https://m.youtube.com/@ConnectionsMuseum

I feel like they're not well known and there's no place like it!

evolextra•7h ago
I know one guy who make something cool with old Telephone and electronic stuff https://this-museum-is-not-obsolete.com/
g-mork•4h ago
Don't miss https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfOzyIib7wU for some young folk urban exploring what turns out to be a still active exchange, full of ancient and modern tech
tobinfekkes•3h ago
Another excellent museum is the Kodiak Military History Museum at Fort Abercrombie, on Kodiak Island, Alaska.

It has some old working telephone and teletype systems. You can watch the physical switching equipment do its magic. It is truly awesome. The raw speed and accuracy of the mechanical systems is almost unbelievable.

jonatron•8h ago
I visited an exchange back in 2009, when Local loop unbundling (LLU) on ADSL was big, and fibre was limited to large business and datacentres. The huge generator was probably more interesting than the racks of concentrators. I'm not sure how much battery back-up power time the new PON systems have, I assume less than a generator backed system.
ricardo81•8h ago
Our old countries (and their tech) building on top of old.

Developing countries have less of a hassle with implementing something based on state of the art.

Lots of hassles with getting new phone lines, new power lines et al in the UK based on old agreements and a nationalised infrastructure. Please stop digging up roads and everything for arbitrary telecoms companies based on some deregulation, some collaboration please :-)

f4c39012•7h ago
someone from the local gas company told me that the reason the utilites don't work together is that they can't because of rules - electric and gas need to be kept separate for safety, and the surrounding soil means water leaks can be absorbed away from other utilities' pipework. I didn't dig any deeper
kimixa•7h ago
I feel there's a generation of Brits burned the wave of random telecoms companies digging up major roads for years for cable, only for the results to be pretty much useless by the time it's done as ADSL and existing POTS lines could do pretty much the same thing without any more digging.

The words "Diamond Cable" still fill me with dread to this day. They dug up half our village to then offer no service.

Affric•6h ago
The roadworks during my youth were endless. It was maddening. Never occurred to me that it could have all been telcos.
JdeBP•5h ago
I know someone who is still waiting for City Fibre, who dug up xyr road last year, to get around to actually offering a service.
rcxdude•4h ago
City Fibre has worked alright around where I live. It was also about a year or so after most of the digging (now a few years ago), but it's been nice to have actual fibre internet (through a different ISP, since they just do the infrastructure).
matt-p•6h ago
Like most things that's half true.

It's true you don't want a telecom worker laying a gas pipe, however you can coordinate this stuff if you want to. Typically the deepest utility works first then backfills just to the level of the next utility and so forth. However timing is critical, the second utility must be ready to work as soon as the first is done and so on.

The biggest reasons they don't is mostly (in this order)

-They can't time their work to be at the same time as 3 other utilities.

-They can't work out cost and liability sharing, if the last utility to work does the reinstatement and takes liability for it then the telecom company will always pay while electric typically won't pay anything as it's in the middle. The legal demarcation between utilities is also much less clearly defined.

-Contractors typically do all work, not actual utilities and it's in their best interests to dig the road up five times (one for each utility) rather than just once. The same goes for everyone else who gets paid when the road is opened; including, often, the local government (for permits).

_joel•7h ago
You can go and play with an old branch exchange, with all the whistles and er, bells at "This Museum is (not) Obsolete". Run by Sam from Look Mum No Computer. If you're ever near Ramsgate in the UK.

https://this-museum-is-not-obsolete.com/

heraldgeezer•7h ago
Really, its own internet system before the internet. Massive load of calls. The routing has to be correct. I never understood it before working in telecom, but phones numbers are unique... for routing, like IP-addresses. And it could never go "down". In the 80s it was all digial too (Ericsson switches) and had to be real-time.
psychotaurusaqu•6h ago
Combination of Ericsson and GEC/Plessey/BT "System X" (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_X_(telephony)). Erisson AXE10 was known as "System Y" in the UK and a hedge against buying exclusively System X equipment.
gjvc•5h ago
see also http://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/po_docs/system_x.pdf and http://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/journals/BTEJ/BTEJ%20V...

and this

https://www.academia.edu/39809466/System_X_The_history_of_th...

by http://www.kingdom-technology.co.uk/malcolmhamer.php

merlynkline•6h ago
Before modern digital electronics, telephone numbers were literal routes - when the turned dial on your phone ran back to zero, a corresponding 10-pole motorised rotary switch at the exchange turned and connected you to one of 10 lines. This connected you to another such rotary switch for the next digit, until eventually you were connected to the final destination. The ingenious Strowger exchange.
lxgr•5h ago
Invented by a paranoid undertaker out of business interest, apparently:

"Strowger, an undertaker, was motivated to invent an automatic telephone exchange after becoming convinced that the manual telephone exchange operators were deliberately interfering with his calls, leading to loss of business."

I wonder if the phone company was actually out to get him!

pests•2h ago
I've heard this story before and it included the detail that his competitor's wife worked as an operator at the exchange, and his worry was she would direct calls for an undertaker to her husband instead of himself.
userbinator•4h ago
Also, every phone had its own physical circuit to the exchange, leading to things like this: https://i.redd.it/ugvoc90k4q5a1.jpg
heraldgeezer•3h ago
Crazy. There is also the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Stockholm_telephone_tower#...
miki123211•6m ago
And when there was a bug in that complex and vast routing system somewhere, it was completely unfixable. Not without million-dollar hardware replacements at least.

It's really surprising to me how little uptake 2600 ultimately ended up having.

backendEngineer•7h ago
and it's gone... 429 :D
bravesoul2•1h ago
Distributed curiousity attack
dboreham•2h ago
Interesting to see Kinghorn in the database (01592-89) because I toured the exchange as a child sometime in the late 1970s before it was brought into service (my Dad knew a bloke who worked for GEC). iirc it was a TXE4 system then, or at least of that generation. Building in a very poor state of repair now. Probably hasn't been painted since 1979!
bravesoul2•1h ago
I recall there was a voting system by BT circa 2002 to get your local exchange upgraded to "broadband" (i.e. not just 56k dialup) if it wasn't already.