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14 Killed in protests in Nepal over social media ban

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/massive-protests-in-nepal-over-social-media-ban/
230•whatsupdog•2h ago•124 comments

ICEBlock handled my vulnerability report in the worst possible way

https://micahflee.com/iceblock-handled-my-vulnerability-report-in-the-worst-possible-way/
92•FergusArgyll•1h ago•42 comments

RSS Beat Microsoft

https://buttondown.com/blog/rss-vs-ice
74•vidyesh•2h ago•41 comments

Package Managers Are Evil

https://www.gingerbill.org/article/2025/09/08/package-managers-are-evil/
37•gingerBill•1h ago•37 comments

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Adventure Prototype Recovered for the C64

https://www.gamesthatwerent.com/2025/09/indiana-jones-and-the-last-crusade-adventure-prototype-re...
25•ibobev•1h ago•1 comments

Using Claude Code to modernize a 25-year-old kernel driver

https://dmitrybrant.com/2025/09/07/using-claude-code-to-modernize-a-25-year-old-kernel-driver
699•dmitrybrant•13h ago•225 comments

VMware's in court again. Customer relationships rarely go this wrong

https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/08/vmware_in_court_opinion/
84•rntn•1h ago•27 comments

The MacBook has a sensor that knows the exact angle of the screen hinge

https://twitter.com/samhenrigold/status/1964428927159382261
873•leephillips•22h ago•423 comments

Why Is Japan Still Investing in Custom Floating Point Accelerators?

https://www.nextplatform.com/2025/09/04/why-is-japan-still-investing-in-custom-floating-point-acc...
132•rbanffy•2d ago•33 comments

Formatting code should be unnecessary

https://maxleiter.com/blog/formatting
241•MaxLeiter•14h ago•325 comments

GPT-5 Thinking in ChatGPT (a.k.a. Research Goblin) is good at search

https://simonwillison.net/2025/Sep/6/research-goblin/
287•simonw•1d ago•222 comments

How inaccurate are Nintendo's official emulators? [video]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYjYmSniQyM
61•viraptor•3h ago•12 comments

Intel Arc Pro B50 GPU Launched at $349 for Compact Workstations

https://www.guru3d.com/story/intel-arc-pro-b50-gpu-launched-at-for-compact-workstations/
156•qwytw•15h ago•177 comments

Look Out for Bugs

https://matklad.github.io/2025/09/04/look-for-bugs.html
31•todsacerdoti•3d ago•19 comments

Meta suppressed research on child safety, employees say

https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2025/09/08/meta-research-child-safety-virtual-reality/
16•mdhb•46m ago•0 comments

Creative Technology: The Sound Blaster

https://www.abortretry.fail/p/the-story-of-creative-technology
123•BirAdam•15h ago•73 comments

Immich – High performance self-hosted photo and video management solution

https://github.com/immich-app/immich
27•rzk•5h ago•5 comments

How many SPARCs is too many SPARCs?

https://thejpster.org.uk/blog/blog-2025-08-20/
39•naves•2d ago•11 comments

Writing by manipulating visual representations of stories

https://github.com/m-damien/VisualStoryWriting
6•walterbell•3d ago•3 comments

Analog optical computer for AI inference and combinatorial optimization

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09430-z
86•officerk•3d ago•15 comments

How many dimensions is this?

https://lcamtuf.substack.com/p/how-many-dimensions-is-this
93•robin_reala•4d ago•22 comments

No more data centers: Ohio township pushes back against influx of Amazon, others

https://www.usatoday.com
13•ericmay•43m ago•4 comments

Show HN: Veena Chromatic Tuner

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.magima.digitaltuner&hl=en_US
42•v15w•7h ago•23 comments

I am giving up on Intel and have bought an AMD Ryzen 9950X3D

https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2025-09-07-bye-intel-hi-amd-9950x3d/
283•secure•1d ago•294 comments

Forty-Four Esolangs: The Art of Esoteric Code

https://spectrum.ieee.org/esoteric-programming-languages-daniel-temkin
63•eso_eso•3d ago•36 comments

Taking Buildkite from a side project to a global company

https://www.valleyofdoubt.com/p/taking-buildkite-from-a-side-project
75•shandsaker_au•15h ago•9 comments

Garmin beats Apple to market with satellite-connected smartwatch

https://www.macrumors.com/2025/09/03/garmin-satellite-smartwatch/
211•mgh2•4d ago•194 comments

How to make metals from Martian dirt

https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/Articles/2025/August/Metals-out-of-martian-dirt
74•PaulHoule•18h ago•83 comments

No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering (1986) [pdf]

https://www.cs.unc.edu/techreports/86-020.pdf
102•benterix•17h ago•24 comments

What is the origin of the private network address 192.168.*.*? (2009)

https://lists.ding.net/othersite/isoc-internet-history/2009/oct/msg00000.html
214•kreyenborgi•1d ago•83 comments
Open in hackernews

The “impossibly small” Microdot web framework

https://lwn.net/Articles/1034121/
203•pykello•1d ago

Comments

emil-lp•1d ago
Microdot is apparently a Python web framework that runs on both CPython and MicroPython.

It is a single 765-line file with routing, JSON handling, cookies, streaming, and TLS. Created to provide a web server for IoT devices.

homarp•1d ago
https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot with MIT license
enkrs•1d ago
It’s great on esp32 with MicroPython. Even has support for server sent events (SSE). Paired with htmx, SSE gives some fun intetactive web experience for iot devices - instant GPIO status indicators etc. Loved tinkering with it. The source code is very readable too.
cout•1d ago
Sounds like this framework is comparable in size to the original Rails, which clocked in at under 1000 lines of code (microdot is 765 lines per the article).

I don't know if the original Rails would have run on mruby though (if it had existed at the time), and Rails certainly did a lot of things the author of microdot would have considered "dark magic".

miguelgrinberg•1d ago
Always a nice surprise to find my stuff on the front page. If you have any questions about Microdot, I'm here to answer them!
xrd•1d ago
I really love this post. The author did a great job with their writeup, and that probably came from a clear presentation.

I'm fascinated by your approach where you used your own temperature and humidity monitors. Apologies if this is in the links in the article, but I wondered how you controlled your heating unit. The reason I ask is that I have a nest device talking to my AC unit, which means I'm locked into the Google ecosystem. It works well, but it doesn't connect to the Home Assistant system for everything else in the house. I would like to remove the Nest dependency, or at least have multiple ways I could start optimizing the power utilization of my AC unit.

miguelgrinberg•1d ago
Thanks. The smart heating device in question is one that is fairly popular in Ireland, but I believe it isn't sold elsewhere. The brand is Climote (https://www.climote.ie/).

As part of the service, this controller gives you the option to send commands through an app, or by sending SMS (the device comes with a SIM card and gets its own mobile number). The commands would allow you to ask if the heating is running or not, to turn the heating on or off, and so on.

I first implemented the SMS interface with Twilio, but then found that the number of texts you can send to the device is capped. I don't remember what was the monthly allowance, but I reached it in a few days after querying the device every 15 minutes or so 24/7.

I then found a project on GitHub with the reverse-engineered API that the phone app used to send commands. So I then reimplemented the command logic using this API to be able to talk to the controller without limitations.

I'm not familiar with the Nest devices, but I'd suggest you do a search on GitHub to see if someone figured how to reverse-engineer its API.

xrd•1d ago
Nest devices do integrate, sort-of, with Home Assistant. But, the process is to create an "app" inside the Nest + Google home automation ecosystem. It is an absolute mess and there is nothing to be gained by going into that Mordor. I tried to get it working, and gave up, but I would much rather use a device that is "hackable." That device you mentioned looks great, and does not appear to be available outside of Ireland, as you noted. But, I'm going to use that as an inspiration point and see if I can find something similar. Maybe that manufacturer has awareness of a US-based device provider, I'll contact them.

Really appreciate you sharing this work, really fun stuff!

zrobotics•17h ago
If you're in north America (probably elsewhere, but I can only say for NA) then changing the thermostat is super simple to do. If your system is 24v, which is very likely, then swapping the nest device for something better isn't too complicated. I can't provide a brand recommendation, but I'd find a thermostat that supports homeassistant and has a reverse engineered API available.

Directly controlling the HVAC with a relay board would also be very doable, but is a more involved project.

xrd•12h ago
I installed my nest, and it was indeed very simple. And, it appeared to work with Home Assistant, but like I said, the devil is in the details. It was a very frustrating experience.

The problem is that if I look here I cannot tell the first thing about which device is supported and how well. HA does not have a great filtering system.

https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/#climate

HexDecOctBin•1d ago
Why did you want the server to use Python? It seems simple enough to be easily be done in bare C.
miguelgrinberg•1d ago
I wanted to use MicroPython for this. I have nothing against C, it is a language that I actually know and use for other projects, but I wanted the challenge to try to build something similar to Flask or FastAPI that could run well on small devices.
Tepix•21h ago
I looked at your benchmark article. I would like to see how many requests per second these SoCs with your server can manage on a simple task (printing the current time) - both with http and https.

Cheers!

miguelgrinberg•20h ago
You are more than welcome to evaluate Microdot on the specific device you are interested in. It is good to keep in mind that people don't run web apps on microcontrollers because they have good performance. Don't expect any miracles.
simpaticoder•14h ago
Yes, I also wanted to comment on the benchmark article[1], because it seems you looked at compute-bound performance rather than rps (requests per second) on simple data. Given that what you made, MicroDot, is a web server, it would make more sense to stress it rather than MicroPython and the SoC, no? That would seem to be more of the purview of the MicroPython and/or SoC devs.

1 - https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/benchmarking-micropytho...

miguelgrinberg•14h ago
You got it backwards. If I were to release a benchmark for Microdot, everyone would say that it is biased!

The article you are referring to is intended to benchmark microcontrollers running MicroPython. Nothing to do with Microdot.

I'm not really sure what conclusions you expect to reach if you had a Microdot benchmark that gives you a requests per second number. I would not stop using microcontrollers if the number was low, and I wouldn't start more projects if the number was high. I don't really care. It works for the intended purpose.

Tepix•2h ago
I think it would be valuable to decide if the performance is sufficient for a desired purpose. If the performance is insufficient you may need to switch to something written in a compiled language or to a faster platform. That's why the RPS is useful.
dave333•19h ago
I need to measure temperature at multiple points and humidity in my experimental garden shed with a skytherm roof [ http://www.solarmirror.com/fom/fom-serve/cache/30.html ] for passive heating and cooling. Thinking your thermostat code might be 90% of what I need however I don't yet know python. I guess it's easy to understand and modify the code with the help of AI.
MomsAVoxell•18h ago
For my embedded needs, I've relied heavily on TurboLua, which I find really kicks some serious butt:

https://turbo.readthedocs.io

What's great is that signals and fd_sets are supported, so it can really tie the web services and the hardware together nicely. I can easily wire up GPIO, for example.

I haven't dug into Microdot yet - but are there similar mechanisms? I love my Lua projects based on TurboLua, but wouldn't mind seeing some python chops get sharpened, same-wise ...

Edit: I dug in, and I guess the things I want are to be found in the python batteries included anyway .. plus, Microdot is a very small tack-on to microPython, and a pleasure to read ..

miguelgrinberg•18h ago
Right. Microdot just gives you the support to build the web application. This is built on top of the standard asyncio Python library, so you are likely to find good support for most tasks in the ecosystem.
mdaniel•18h ago
related: Python has had async for 10 years – why isn't it more popular? - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45106189 - Sep, 2025 (293 comments)
miguelgrinberg•15h ago
It's important to note that for most small devices that run MicroPython asyncio is the only available method of concurrency.

These devices have no concept of processes, your application is the only thing that runs. Most devices do not support threads, and those that do have really big limitations. Like for example, a device with two cores would allow you to spawn just one thread, to run on the second core and that's it. This is due to the lack of a proper operating system with a scheduler that can move threads in and out of the CPU.

iLoveOncall•1d ago
I'm not sure there's anything "impossible" about how small this is. You don't really need a lot of lines of code to support routes, request and response and nothing else. If anything, 765 lines of code for this is quite a lot.

It also uses libraries for most "extensions" that are available, defeating the purpose and bending the claim that it's 1,700 lines of code including the extensions. Just jinja, one of the dependencies, is 18,000 lines of code. If that counts my Nanodot server which calls flask.app.run() is one line...

illegally•1d ago
Yeah, it's an over exaggeration to say "impossibly small", it's a pretty normal size for a minimal routing class...
miguelgrinberg•1d ago
To clarify this, note that the extensions are entirely optional, and unlike what you are saying, most do not require any dependencies.

The only two extensions that use dependencies are the one that adds template rendering, and the one that implements secure user sessions.

For templates, you can use Jinja on CPython (where you wouldn't normally have space issues), or the uTemplate library (https://github.com/pfalcon/utemplate) on MicroPython, which is quite small.

For secure sessions, on CPython you have to add PyJWT. On MicroPython you need to add the HMAC and JWT modules from the MicroPython standard library, which are not installed by default. These are also very small.

motorest•1d ago
> I'm not sure there's anything "impossible" about how small this is. You don't really need a lot of lines of code to support routes, request and response and nothing else. If anything, 765 lines of code for this is quite a lot.

How do you explain why virtually all frameworks end up requiring an order of magnitude more LoC?

iLoveOncall•1d ago
Because they support a lot more features?

I made a similar "framework" in PHP years back as an experiment and it was a couple hundred lines AT MOST.

motorest•22h ago
> Because they support a lot more features?

Not necessarily. For example, some minimal web frameworks actually provide multiple routing strategies because different implementation strategy have tradeoffs.

bdhcuidbebe•16h ago
Not meaning to be pedantic, but supporting multiple routing strategies is textbook ”more features”.
motorest•12h ago
Are they, though? I mean, is it a feature to make something usable? If you have hard performance constraints and you know what routes you need to suppport, a generic but prohibitively expensive routing strategy can prevent you from using the framework.
Two9A•1d ago
I'm reminded of an MVC microframework I put together many years back in PHP: https://github.com/Two9A/BirSaat

Having pulled down a copy just now, the framework itself is 526 lines of PHP, and the sample site (a newsfeed that pulls from the BBC) is perhaps 300 lines in models and controllers. I use the framework to this day to serve out my blog and other small sites, seems to work well without getting in the way.

ou122•1d ago
I would love to try this on my ESP32-C3 Super Mini, the small web framework on the small WiFi-capable microcontroller.
stavros•1d ago
All these years later, and I can't get over the fact that Flask began as an April fool's joke, making fun of Bottle and other microframeworks. I guess the joke failed completely.
larodi•1d ago
Joke is Python never made it a front end web language given how easy it was for JS to become a backend and how many of these Python frameworks actually copy off JS, even though Python is older and from a perspective - neater…
stavros•1d ago
This makes no sense. Of course it's easier for a language in a browser to release an executable than a language with an executable to be embedded in a browser. Also, why are we even talking about JS?
NeutralForest•1d ago
there are some efforts to compile python to webassembly so let's see who will have the last laugh!
high_priest•1d ago
WebAssembly in a browser, is still JS.
bdhcuidbebe•16h ago
Not at all.

Webassembly in the browser would be… webassembly.

Not sure what’s going on in this thread, but I see an unusual high number of low quality comments.

graemep•1d ago
It looks a lot like Bottle[1] but with MicroPython support.

[1] https://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/

cryptoboy2283•1d ago
https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot

> Migrating to Microdot 2

You gotta be kidding...

zem•19h ago
it's literally there in the linked readme:

Version 2 of Microdot incorporates feedback received from users of earlier releases, and attempts to improve and correct some design decisions that have proven to be problematic.

For this reason most applications built for earlier versions will need to be updated to work correctly with Microdot 2. The Migration Guide describes the backwards incompatible changes that were made.

giveita•15h ago
Just needs a community split some flame wars and a personal drama where someone give just their side of a story on a blog post.
travisgriggs•21h ago
Numerous comments on the “impossibly small” bit in the title. It makes me wonder if it was put there as a bit of tongue in cheek, less as a brag. E.g. The “it doesn’t have to be that big” Microdot web framework (which I honestly first thought had something to do with Microdot anti theft devices that they put on cars around me).

Elsewhere on HN right now is a post about a dermatologist vibecoding an app for skin stuff. I view the “need/use ai for coding” as an indictment against how complex software development has become. What I think we marvel at is the surprise that sometimes reall can be just that simple. 99% of the people who are using Django/flask/etc don’t really understand how they work under the hood all that well. And so it’s always an “is that all??” moment when we do these “back to the basics” exposé’s where we show that 80% of our needs are covered by something simple and understandable.

chuckadams•20h ago
> Elsewhere on HN right now is a post about a dermatologist vibecoding an app for skin stuff. I view the “need/use ai for coding” as an indictment against how complex software development has become

One other way to look at it is that software is realizing enough of the dreams of reusability that cobbling together scripts at such a high level with only the smallest understanding is finally becoming possible. I'm not going full Pangloss here, development is still a massive clusterfuck in many places and probably always will be by its nature, but the frontiers have pushed waaaaay back since I got started.

naasking•16h ago
Reusability is a big part of it, but I also think languages are just a lot more abstract and expressive these days, so fewer lines of code goes further. Empirically, error count is correlated with lines of code, as are hallucinations, so the ideal language for AI coding is the most abstract and expressive language that will get you there.
Andrex•12h ago
> so the ideal language for AI coding is the most abstract and expressive language that will get you there

...JavaScript? (half joking)

bdcravens•20h ago
> Elsewhere on HN right now is a post about a dermatologist vibecoding an app for skin stuff. I view the “need/use ai for coding” as an indictment against how complex software development has become.

There's a reason why, in the late 90s and early 2000s, people were able to jump out of non-technical careers into development using languages like ASP and ColdFusion. There were some shortcomings of the stacks of the day, but functionally, the ability to meet many business cases really hasn't changed since those days.

____tom____•19h ago
Not to mention Visual Basic.
mschuster91•17h ago
... and Excel and Access. So much shadow IT got developed because Excel (+VBA, which is almost as powerful as regular VB6, including calls to the native win32 DLL API) is present everywhere, and Access is pretty widespread as well.
ropable•12h ago
I got my start in professional software development by building an multi-user Access shadow-IT database application that made heavy use of VBA. It only worked because it had a couple of active users at any time, and I left that workplace with documentation consisting of a half-page of bullet points. I know for certain that it was still in usage four years after I left, though God know how long it kept operating in the end.

Notwithstanding that shadow IT is the bane of my existence these days, I sometimes need to be reminded of how far a motivated individual can come when they have access to adequate tools and information.

kitd•5h ago
> shadow IT

I read somewhere that the number of Excel "programmers" is an order or magnitude larger than all professional programmers in all other languages put together.

Makes you wonder which is the "shadow IT"!

bdcravens•19h ago
The last large app I built in CFML (ColdFusion) was based on FW/1, which is a MVC framework in less than 1800 lines (including comments). No external dependencies, but to be fair, the CFML application server bakes in pretty much every dependency that most applications would ever need.