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OpenCiv3: Open-source, cross-platform reimagining of Civilization III

https://openciv3.org/
479•klaussilveira•7h ago•120 comments

The Waymo World Model

https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/the-waymo-world-model-a-new-frontier-for-autonomous-driving-simula...
818•xnx•12h ago•490 comments

How we made geo joins 400× faster with H3 indexes

https://floedb.ai/blog/how-we-made-geo-joins-400-faster-with-h3-indexes
40•matheusalmeida•1d ago•3 comments

Show HN: Look Ma, No Linux: Shell, App Installer, Vi, Cc on ESP32-S3 / BreezyBox

https://github.com/valdanylchuk/breezydemo
161•isitcontent•7h ago•18 comments

Monty: A minimal, secure Python interpreter written in Rust for use by AI

https://github.com/pydantic/monty
158•dmpetrov•8h ago•69 comments

A century of hair samples proves leaded gas ban worked

https://arstechnica.com/science/2026/02/a-century-of-hair-samples-proves-leaded-gas-ban-worked/
97•jnord•3d ago•14 comments

Dark Alley Mathematics

https://blog.szczepan.org/blog/three-points/
53•quibono•4d ago•7 comments

Show HN: If you lose your memory, how to regain access to your computer?

https://eljojo.github.io/rememory/
211•eljojo•10h ago•135 comments

Show HN: I spent 4 years building a UI design tool with only the features I use

https://vecti.com
264•vecti•9h ago•125 comments

Microsoft open-sources LiteBox, a security-focused library OS

https://github.com/microsoft/litebox
332•aktau•14h ago•158 comments

Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Technical Info

https://www.sheldonbrown.com/
329•ostacke•13h ago•86 comments

Hackers (1995) Animated Experience

https://hackers-1995.vercel.app/
415•todsacerdoti•15h ago•220 comments

PC Floppy Copy Protection: Vault Prolok

https://martypc.blogspot.com/2024/09/pc-floppy-copy-protection-vault-prolok.html
27•kmm•4d ago•1 comments

An Update on Heroku

https://www.heroku.com/blog/an-update-on-heroku/
344•lstoll•13h ago•245 comments

Delimited Continuations vs. Lwt for Threads

https://mirageos.org/blog/delimcc-vs-lwt
5•romes•4d ago•1 comments

Show HN: R3forth, a ColorForth-inspired language with a tiny VM

https://github.com/phreda4/r3
53•phreda4•7h ago•9 comments

How to effectively write quality code with AI

https://heidenstedt.org/posts/2026/how-to-effectively-write-quality-code-with-ai/
202•i5heu•10h ago•148 comments

I spent 5 years in DevOps – Solutions engineering gave me what I was missing

https://infisical.com/blog/devops-to-solutions-engineering
116•vmatsiiako•12h ago•38 comments

Learning from context is harder than we thought

https://hy.tencent.com/research/100025?langVersion=en
153•limoce•3d ago•79 comments

Understanding Neural Network, Visually

https://visualrambling.space/neural-network/
248•surprisetalk•3d ago•32 comments

Introducing the Developer Knowledge API and MCP Server

https://developers.googleblog.com/introducing-the-developer-knowledge-api-and-mcp-server/
28•gfortaine•5h ago•4 comments

I now assume that all ads on Apple news are scams

https://kirkville.com/i-now-assume-that-all-ads-on-apple-news-are-scams/
1004•cdrnsf•17h ago•421 comments

FORTH? Really!?

https://rescrv.net/w/2026/02/06/associative
49•rescrv•15h ago•17 comments

I'm going to cure my girlfriend's brain tumor

https://andrewjrod.substack.com/p/im-going-to-cure-my-girlfriends-brain
74•ray__•4h ago•36 comments

Evaluating and mitigating the growing risk of LLM-discovered 0-days

https://red.anthropic.com/2026/zero-days/
38•lebovic•1d ago•11 comments

Show HN: Smooth CLI – Token-efficient browser for AI agents

https://docs.smooth.sh/cli/overview
78•antves•1d ago•59 comments

How virtual textures work

https://www.shlom.dev/articles/how-virtual-textures-really-work/
32•betamark•14h ago•28 comments

Show HN: Slack CLI for Agents

https://github.com/stablyai/agent-slack
41•nwparker•1d ago•11 comments

Female Asian Elephant Calf Born at the Smithsonian National Zoo

https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/female-asian-elephant-calf-born-smithsonians-national-zoo-an...
8•gmays•2h ago•2 comments

Claude Opus 4.6

https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-opus-4-6
2275•HellsMaddy•1d ago•981 comments
Open in hackernews

Commodore 64 Ultimate

https://www.commodore.net/product-page/commodore-64-ultimate-basic-beige-batch1
142•guerrilla•3mo ago

Comments

postexitus•3mo ago
Is this using Jeri Ellsworth's implementation of Commodore 64 in FPGA?
dijit•3mo ago
No, it's based on the AMD Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA.

Jeri Ellsworth's was actually an ASIC.

She made a "C-One" which was FPGA based, but this one is different, the C64Ultimate uses Gideon Zweijtzer's design in the AMD Xilinx.

postexitus•3mo ago
Ah - but Jeri is still in the team. That makes me happy: https://www.commodore.net/team/
tromp•3mo ago
Having Amiga legend Dave Haynie on the team also helps inspire confidence.
duggan•3mo ago
I was scrolling through that list and did at a double take at... Thomas Middleditch? The actor from Silicon Valley?
postexitus•3mo ago
Oh, no, his start up running skills left much to be desired.
duggan•3mo ago
I suppose hijinks will inevitably ensue!
n0um3n4•3mo ago
WTF
gabrielsroka•3mo ago
that's quite the team. Ellsworth, Charpentier, Herd, Tramiel, etc. (i didn't recognize all the other names)
metabagel•3mo ago
LOL, Leonard Tramiel - Chief Tramiel Officer
drivers99•3mo ago
"The motherboard is a heavily modified version of Gideon Zweijtzer's original design." [0]

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BffeaLbKHkw&t=206s

drivers99•3mo ago
Ordered a founder's edition in August. Looks like I might get it this year (originally estimated October). Retro Recipes x Commodore posted a video update about the manufacturing process recently: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BffeaLbKHkw

(In my case, it's not about nostalgia. I actually have been using a shared one in a hackerspace to play around with 6502 machine language and want my own.)

reaperducer•3mo ago
They kept the cassette port, but got rid of the User port? The User port is where all the good stuff goes.

They could have put the Ethernet and other new stuff on the left side where there's plenty of room.

drivers99•3mo ago
Not sure why, they have header pins for the user port and then an adapter if you want to use things that require the original edge connector. I'm guessing (although I'm not sure what those other chips on the adapter do) you could also connect directly to the header for new stuff. https://www.commodore.net/product-page/u64-userport-adapter
sys_64738•3mo ago
Was it the user port or cartridge port where we'd ground the reset line with a paperclip to reset the C64? I can't remember.
rzzzt•3mo ago
They both have one: https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-manual-en-1982/page...

On the user port I managed to short 5V to GND instead :'(

ryandrake•3mo ago
With a username like that, you should know the answer!
Someone•3mo ago
$299 is about half the price, not corrected for inflation, of the original, which started at $595 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64).

I think that’s impressive, given the (likely) way lower production run.

georgemcbay•3mo ago
While this is true (and the price for the new device is still extremely reasonable) by 1983 you could buy a C64 for $199 (in the US anyway).

This price reduction was the difference maker in allowing my family to (barely) afford to buy me a C64 in late 1983 (and this is what I learned to code on, first in MS BASIC, then in 6510 assembler).

nosianu•3mo ago
In East Germany, the GDR, you could buy C64 and C128 from private sellers advertising in the classified ads section of the major electronics magazine in the GDR. They usually received those devices from relatives in West Germany.

The price for a C64 was thousands of East German Marks, at least half a year of salaries (the salary spread was low, so that's engineers or workers or managers).

An Amiga cost 25,000 Marks towards the end of the GDR, which was about two years of salaries (income was from below 1,000 Marks to ca. 1,500 for high earners, much more than that was unusual). This put 16 bit computing at home or school out of the hands of almost everyone, unless they had generous relatives in the West who sent them one. Even at work, the 8-bit PCs were still much more common (e.g. PC 1715 - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_1715), with a CP/M clone OS.

But at least they were all available. Our own CAOS (Cassette Aided Operating System- https://www.mpm-kc85.de/html/CAOS_42.htm) 8 bit systems based on Z80 clone CPUs, KC-85 (1/2/3/4) where not too shabby, for work and serious stuff at least the later -3 and even more so the -4 lines were superior to the C64, easier to program, and much more usable screen (https://www.mpm-kc85.de/).

The state was pretty hands-off. My own school's physics teacher started a computer club in the 1980s and he spent thousands of public school money on exclusively Western computers, from ZX spectrum (the very first one) to Atari 800 XL, C64, C128, with both cassette and disk drives. That must have cost a lot. Still surprises me that nobody asked him to buy East German, especially since in the 8-bit range our own systems would have been perfectly fine for the purpose.

rzzzt•3mo ago
Wasn't the GDR subject to CoCom restrictions?
nosianu•3mo ago
I don't know which exactly, but everyone in the East was restricted. I can only report my observations. Those systems I mentioned were mostly private imports through gifts, not regular imports on a business level. Not sure if something like an Amiga would have been a problem though anyway? I don't think any of the 8-bit systems should have been a problem in any case, no?
kwanbix•3mo ago
Why not adjust for inflation?

The original $595 in 1983 would be about $1,997.57 today.

Similarly, $199 in 1983 would equal around $647.30 in 2025 dollars.

Someone•3mo ago
Adjusting for inflation over such long time periods in electronics is, IMO, not useful because of the wildly different cost curves of labor and capital. You expect average prices to go up, but electronics to get cheaper over time.

Adjusting for performance would be even more ludicrous. The computing power of about any modern smartphone would have cost billions, if not trillions, in 1983. Even this device is much faster than the original (48MHz in Turbo mode).

That would make that $2k about $100k, the price of 50 Commodore 64s at launch.

LanceJones•3mo ago
I'm excited for Christian (Peri) and team... but also kinda bummed that the RR channel has gone on a bit of a hiatus (understandable). Wishing everyone success with this amazing new chapter...
mondainx•3mo ago
I miss the days of BBS'ing on my 300 baud modem, boosted to 420-ish. Things were so much simpler. I'm thinking this might make a good xmas present for myself! :)
IT4MD•3mo ago
100% with you. I miss those times.. High-5 to a fellow 300bauder!
leptons•3mo ago
I built my own 300bps modem as a teenager, to connect to my C64. Tech was a lot more fun back in the day. It was exciting every year to see the speed of modems go up, and up, and up. 300 bps, 1200bps, and then when I got a 2400bps modem the C64 built-in serial code was too slow, I couldn't transfer files because there were so many dropped bits. So I wrote my own serial port code in assembly language and hacked it into my favorite terminal software (CCGMS) and that fixed the problem. I think by the time I got a 9600 baud modem I probably had an Amiga.
jandrese•3mo ago
By the time you get to 2400bps you're starting to stress how fast the abysmal disk interface on the C64 could write data, you had better not hit too many seeks.
leptons•3mo ago
The 1541 drive can write at ~400 bytes per second, much faster than the 2400bps modem could deliver (240 bytes/s). And buffering was a thing back then. A simple ring buffer would suffice. I had no problems downloading at 2400bps after I fixed the serial code.
jandrese•3mo ago
Faster, but not "much faster". Depending on where you were writing it could be as low as 300 bytes/second. You're starting to cut close to the margins, especially if the C=64 is having to also manage the modem communications at the same time. So yeah, doable but that's about the max you can expect out of the hardware. A 4800 baud modem would be right out.
leptons•3mo ago
The C64 doesn't control the disk drive directly, the 1541has its own CPU, about as powerful as the C64.

> A 4800 baud modem would be right out.

Not with a "Warp Speed" cartridge. It does write speeds on a stock C64/1541 up to 2900 Bytes per second. I'm pretty sure reading serial data faster than 2400bps is easily doable too.

https://www.obliterator918.com/the-warp-speed-cartridge-from...

rasz•3mo ago
Modern 1541 turbo, like Krills Transwarp, tops out just shy of 20KB/s on unmodified hardware https://csdb.dk/release/?id=214786 with steady 16KB/s in normal use https://www.obliterator918.com/benchmarking-transwarp-the-in... The trick is encoding files in special way to minimize drives CPU load.
joquarky•3mo ago
CCGMS was the best.
js2•3mo ago
> boosted to 420-ish

I was there in the 300 bps days with a Novation Apple Cat II and I never heard of such a thing. How did that work? Did you have non-standard modems on both ends?

reaperducer•3mo ago
If you had a pretty clean line, you could do 450 baud. Some BBSes had separate numbers for this speed. Sometimes it just worked with regular 300 lines.
js2•3mo ago
Really? What standard allowed that? I'm only aware of 300 bps and 1200 bps. I'm not seeing anything in between those besides a V.22 standard for 600 bps I wasn't previously familiar with:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ITU-T_V-series_recomme...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem#Dial-up

I also don't recall intermediate speeds. The modems at both ends would negotiate the highest standard speed they could. I must've owned a dozen dialup modems over the years starting with that Novation Apple Cat II (300 bps, 1200 bps half-duplex to another Apple Cat II) and just have no recollection of variable speeds like you're describing, and I spent a lot of time dialed into BBSes.

reaperducer•3mo ago
There's lots of knowledge from that era that didn't make it to the internet age. Not being listed on Wikipedia does not mean something didn't exist.

Maybe your modem just didn't support it. Or maybe it was one of the many mods people did to their modems.

I know that at least one of the modems I had (a combination of Commodore, Hayes, and Avatex modems) supported higher-than-usual baud rates out of the box. I can't say how exactly it worked, you just issued commands or the terminal program handled it.

js2•3mo ago
Sure, it's possible it escaped both my memory/experience and what's on the Wikipedia. But I spent a ton of time online dialed into BBSes started around 1980, even running a small ISP in college. I have a CS degree. I took telecommunications courses in college. If there's something that escaped my knowledge, I'd love to know more about it.

To the very best of my knowledge, dial-up modems jumped from 300 bps to 1200 bps, and they exchanged data at whatever the highest speed they could negotiate. The Novation Apple Cat II modem was also pretty unique in that it supported 1200 bps half-duplex, but only to another Apple Cat II, and it also had the ability to detect and generate arbitrary tones. There were programs for it to play music and to use it as a voice modulator.

Which is all to say, I was pretty into this stuff.

So I'm really interested in any information about a modem that worked at intermediate speeds like 450 bps.

I searched textfiles.com but couldn't find anything there either.

FWIW, I had a very strong memory of a graphical BBS program that worked on the Apple II using hi-res mode and a dedicated client. I asked about it here over the years but was never able to find any confirmation it existed:

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2036329

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17882989

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23931096

I was questioning my memory that it existed, but then three years ago I tracked it down:

- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33256053

- https://www.reddit.com/r/apple2/comments/kpx9zl/hbbs/

So yeah, I totally understand the internet is missing a lot of pre-web history.

georgemcbay•3mo ago
> I miss the days of BBS'ing on my 300 baud modem, boosted to 420-ish. Things were so much simpler.

I have a lot of nostalgia from this time, but also remember it was all fun and games until my mom or one of my sisters picked up one of the phones (standard issue AT&T handsets) in the house, causing a rapid burst of line noise and usually a disconnection due to lack of error checking/correction at the hardware level.

xen2xen1•3mo ago
And if that happened, you might not get back on. The line might be busy, you might have run out of time or logins for the day..
Mountain_Skies•3mo ago
If you had some idea of who was on the BBS and they had Call Waiting, you could give them a ring to knock them offline. Very bad manners but teens will be teens.
tclancy•3mo ago
Maybe I can finally debug that cool-looking boxing game I typed in by hand from a magazine. To this day, I am sort of surprised I wound up a coder given that was my initial experience with programming.
nonethewiser•3mo ago
I didn't really know about this until recently when I listened to a DHH / Lex Fridman podcast. The podcast started out with him retelling a very similar experience. I wasn't familiar with DHH either and found myself disagreeing with a lot of his takes (JS > TS ... really?) but it was a really interesting conversation none-the-less.
georgemcbay•3mo ago
> I typed in by hand from a magazine.

Probably Compute!'s Gazette.

Figuring out where I messed up (or where they misprinted) in the hundreds of lines of code entered from some of these listings was my introduction to debugging :D

fm2606•3mo ago
I loved Compute!'s Gazette.

I miss good print magazines

binarycrusader•3mo ago
It’s back!

https://www.computesgazette.com/

tclancy•3mo ago
100% that. And my Irish Catholic cynicism told me it was just as likely the person who wrote the article messed up the code as me so I went back to playing games.
linsomniac•3mo ago
Pages and pages of numbers to type in...
codazoda•3mo ago
I had the Tandy TRS-80 CoCo, but same…

My experience was differently though. Figuring out where the typos were is what I credit with my learning to code.

pflenker•3mo ago
MAD magazine once printed a listing with some non obvious errors in it, introducing my 10 year old self to the concept of a bug.

Maybe now I will have the chance to see a self-made Alfred E. Neuman!

dole•3mo ago
I wound up typing that entire listing at least three times before I gave up and never saw the errata. Definitely worth the satisfaction of youtubing or googling the output decades after.
bcrl•3mo ago
I remember having to figure out how port magazine and book BASIC code between the various dialects between the various spaces I spent time in. In the 1980s, my uncle first taught me BASIC on an IBM PC. At school we had an Apple ][+ while at home I had a Coco II and later an Amiga. Another friend had a Vic 20, while another had a Commodore 64. Then came QuickBASIC, QuickC, Microsoft C, C on the ICONs, Aztec C, gcc... 6502, m68k, 8086, i386... Learning about the quirks across systems so early on turned out to be an invaluable experience.
tclancy•3mo ago
I love so much you all found each other. Someone create a meetup,or whatever the kiddies do now for us.
jadbox•3mo ago
Does not come with joy controllers and they are $40/ea.
kbelder•3mo ago
Aren't they the standard Atari-style, with the RS-232 style ports? It should be cheap to get ahold of some compatible joysticks. I would hope they kept all the ports the same...
noelwelsh•3mo ago
"Your childhood just leveled up" as a tagline is pretty revealing. I'm not sure where the company goes after they have mined all the nostalgia. I like the statement "[t]his isn’t tech that controls you. It invites you to play, learn, and create" but I'm struggling to think of how that converts into a long-term product line. I wish them success though. More diversity would be nice!
guerrilla•3mo ago
Why do they need to? Can't that just be it? Why does everything need to grow forever? We all die. That doesn't mean it was necessarily a bad idea to live.
noelwelsh•3mo ago
They don't need to, but it does seem to be the plan: "every penny goes into manufacturing first, and then to the mission to reboot Commodore itself"
guerrilla•3mo ago
Oh I didn't notice. Interesting, maybe they will do something new. We need more friendly computing.
Razengan•3mo ago
You're reading too much into something innocent that just tries to join with the fans.

Anyone today who knows what "Commodore" means will be happy at seeing that!

AlecSchueler•3mo ago
It can become part of new childhoods. I was actually born after the Commodore era but my first thought on seeing this was how great it would be to share with my daughter.
_spduchamp•3mo ago
Is it feasible to fabricate new MOS 6581 chips?
guerrilla•3mo ago
Pretty sure there are a bunch of different types of clones on eBay.
_spduchamp•3mo ago
I thought all these were all simulations and not replicas of silicon. I'm talking about something that keeps all the interference flaws and weirdness of the analog synth intact, and every chip being just a little bit unique, like the original.
guerrilla•3mo ago
Mmmmm tricky, even replicas aren't usually done in the same exact process.
pverheggen•3mo ago
reSID is one of the best simulators, and actually does capture a lot of the quirks of the 6581. Take a look at the source, some of the models are actually based on electrical characteristics (filter.cc and filter.h for example).

https://github.com/VICE-Team/svn-mirror/tree/main/vice/src/r...

jandrese•3mo ago
Maybe not, but there are clones of every single chip in a C64 available for sale now. Getting a perfect replacement is tricky because the originals were far from perfect, the sound you got out would vary between batches and many of the older chips have partially degraded in different ways.

https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/SID_replacement

pverheggen•3mo ago
Fabricating a custom chip costs several million dollars, which is kind of a non-starter for such a niche product.

Is it theoretically possible? Maybe, there are high-res die photographs used for reverse engineering and improving simulator accuracy. But I doubt this is accurate enough to fab an exact replica.

http://visual6502.org/images/pages/MOS_6581_SID_die_shots.ht...

sandlbn•3mo ago
It’s the same as the Ultimate 64 Elite II from Gideon, which is great. It got me back into C64 coding https://github.com/sandlbn/whisper64 , now in C.
Aldipower•3mo ago
I am making music with original C64s. I am excited about this one to get maybe a more noise free experience. Let's see. I've ordered in July.
codezero•3mo ago
Pretty neat but I don’t love the price. I got a real working C64 for $100, and a turbo chameleon that can bring all the fpga benefits and connectivity for less.

I also wonder whose fpga core they are using and if they licensed it or not.

kybernetyk•3mo ago
I hope the keyboard is a USB keyboard so I can use it as input for my linux box :)
Aldipower•3mo ago
I have the 8BitDo C64 retro keyboard. It even is wireless, but also has USB. It is a charm.
christkv•3mo ago
I might get one, I have the C64 Max and the kids are having a lot of fun on it with their friends playing Bruce Lee 1 and 2 as well as Archon. I'm also really really interested in http://www.apollo-core.com/gfx/A6000.jpg the amiga was my first programming machine and having a mostly useful computer that is compatible would be awesome.
greendestiny_re•3mo ago
That means no more screwing around with the cassette heads.
afro88•3mo ago
> Isn't this just an emulator or rebadged something-or-other?

>The Commodore 64 Ultimate from the only original Commodore® brand (est. 1958) is brand new hardware-based Commodore 64 technology. It features SID chip-reactive LEDs (case, keyboard, power light), the world's first transparent keyboard PCB, original and modern creators’ autographs etched in copper, and an updated FPGA that replicates the original C64 motherboard (not emulation). All customisable via a new, easy main menu. It’s a fully authentic new build from Commodore - who else?

I was hoping they would have authentic SID chips. The analog side of the SID is a large part of it's sound so it comes down to how well they can model that.

jacobgorm•3mo ago
I really wanted to buy an official Commodore T-shirt, and all the designer had to do was put the chicken lips logo on a white background, but whoever was in charge decided to instead get creative and come up with a range of very bad designs that have zero resemblance with anything ever produced by Commodore.
ForgetItJake•3mo ago
Whoever owns the IP now seems to be going for this weird cyberpunk look.
selfhoster11•3mo ago
The guy in question has a contact link or email. I'd reach out and just ask.
ForgetItJake•3mo ago
Pleasantly surprised to see it's not just a Raspberry Pi in a keyboard shell.
n0um3n4•3mo ago
I'm ordering one for each finger I have. This is my childhood like many here.
jeberle•3mo ago
I would find the product more compelling in a puck form factor (sans kbd). I can't imagine missing the extra key labels. That would make it significantly smaller, more robust, & less expensive.

I'd also prefer DisplayPort to HDMI, but that might have been chosen for cost, or for the home gaming / nostalgia play.

actionfromafar•3mo ago
Isn't HDMI the one with the license fee?
jeberle•3mo ago
Ah, you're right: $10K/yr + $0.15/unit. I was thinking more of a BOM part that already did HDMI, making it a no-brainer. Just speculating.
qingcharles•3mo ago
It claims 99% compat. Anyone know what the holdouts are?