I highly recommend watching this video about lithography and the machine that makes it all possible [1].
I have on my desk the book "State of the Art" by Stan Augarten. It shows the progression of transistors and integrated circuits from conception through 1983.
The book was one of the inspirations for me to become an electrical engineer. My older brother loaned me a copy of it when it was published in 1983.
[1] https://www.flickr.com/photos/130561288@N04/albums/721576504...
I don't expect to show how electrons move :) I mean, some model, a toy or so, that shows how these things work. I remember it only from books/specs, but even there, at a certain point there are "limits" :)
http://www.visual6502.org/JSSim/expert.html
Also this person has some simple tutorial on how a toy CPUs work. He even made a simulator so you can make your own using gate logic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZwneRb-zqA&list=PLFt_AvWsXl...
roflmaostc•4h ago
https://gallery.ramonaoptics.com/gallery/viewer/42009871001#...